Chapter 5. Social Movements
In general terms, social movements are: a. disruptive of normal life and usual ways of addressing problems b. paid for by groups of elites who remain anonymous and unseen c. made up of outsiders, i.e. people who feel marginalized and outside of society d. as likely to try to stop social change as they are to promote social change
a
In what country did protests include writing statements critical of the government on the paper currency/banknotes everyone handled? a. Iran b. England c. Zimbabwe d. the Soviet Union
a
Mobilizing public opinion was an effective tactic used by what social movement, against whom? a. the movement to limit the promotion of infant formula, against Nestlé Corporation b. the anti-apartheid movement, against the South African government c. the Zionist movement to create Israel, against the Palestinians d. the Christian conservative movement, against public schools
a
On the issue of abortion, most Americans say they: a. support abortion rights in some circumstances b. strongly oppose terminating a pregnancy at any time, for any reason c. are undecided, inasmuch as they believe it will never be an issue for them personally d. None of the above. Pollsters have determined that opinions on this highly emotional issue cannot be reliably measured
a
Social movements try to mobilize moral resources such as: a. leaders and visible supporters who have public favorability and respect b. convincing arguments that they are honest and trustworthy c. theological and other religious doctrines that back up what they stand for d. testimonials of faith from people outside the social movement
a
Some environmental movement groups made an unlikely ally over what public issue? a. the production of ethanol from corn b. contraception and the provision of birth control c. genetically-modified crops d. the regulation of gun ownership
a
What is the area of "public life that involves groups of people in activities outside the formal arena of politics"? a. civil society b. criminal activity c. the leisure industry d. society
a
Where was the angry, violent student protest described in the opening of this chapter:? a. London, England b. Delhi, India c. Missoula, Montana d. Cape Town, South Africa
a
Which of the following is an illustration of people who benefit from social movement activity but make no contribution through their own efforts to the movement's success? a. non-union workers who receive union-negotiated pay, benefits, and job security in "right-to-work" states b. children c. people concerned they will be penalized if publicly identified with a social movement d. political elites
a
Who is quoted at length in the text about how social movement participation changed him/her: a. a homeless man b. an "ordinary housewife" c. an Occupy Wall Street participant d. a Vietnam War veteran
a
William Gamson pioneered the study of the effectiveness of social movements by looking at: a. how successful movements were in getting laws passed, court decisions rendered, and getting heard in political discussions b. charismatic leadership of social movements c. court decisions and judges' attribution of their decision to social movement activity d. the mobilization of opposition forces against a social movement
a
Concerning the anti-war movement that opposed the US war in Vietnam: a. it is almost certain that the war was lost by the US because of the anti-war protests b. it is not at all certain that the conduct or length of the war was greatly altered by the anti-war movement c. the movement's use of violence was the most effective tactic in ending the war early d. the movement's use of nonviolence was an effective tactic in ending the war early
b
Disruption and violence on the part of social movements: a. always fail to help the movement achieve its goals b. have sometimes been effective in helping the movement achieve its goals c. always improve a movement's chances of success d. are helpful tactics in opposing state actions, but not when used against corporations
b
Labor union membership in the US: a. is associated in the public mind with membership in the Communist Party b. reached its peak in the 1950s and has declined thereafter c. requires workers to vote for a particular political party and slate of candidates d. was never popular with Americans, and especially since Ronald Reagan's presidency
b
The Occupy Central student protests in Hong Kong in the fall of 2014 against changes in the way Hong Kong is governed ended when: a. three students were killed by riot police b. public support dwindled and the police cleared the protesters' camps c. The Chinese government gave in and changed their plans for Hong Kong d. several leaders were found to be agents of the Chinese government
b
The anti-globalization movement is described as: a. a progressive transnational social movement b. resisting the direction of social change being driven by multinational corporations c. a sometimes violent social movement engaged in "repertoires of disruption" d. an environmentalist social movement
b
The discussion of pro- and anti-abortion public opinion shows how: a. large amounts of money are the key to effectively changing public opinion b. both sides have worked to move public opinion, but it has changed little for decades c. lawmakers are more responsive to campaign money than public opinion d. women and men have nearly opposite positions on abortion rights
b
What are the three things people do, to use Albert Hirschman's terms, when they sense that something is wrong? a. communicate, disrupt, attack b. exit, voice, and loyalty c. resist, rebel, and repeal d. join, separate, and disguise
b
What impact is the Internet having on social movement tactics and success? a. it's a good way to raise money, but has little utility for social movement operations b. it's not entirely clear, but the Internet is used more and more to mobilize groups, expose hidden organizational activity, and frame issues favorably for social movements c. largely negative, inasmuch as "activity" on the Internet takes away from people actually committing their time and physical selves to a cause d. very great, to the point that every social movement fails or succeeds in terms of how well it uses the Internet
b
What technology is a new source of power for social movement protesters in authoritarian nations? a. guns and other military hardware made available by a worldwide trading network b. the Internet c. GPS and other satellite tracking devices d. the network of international human rights organizations
b
When a homeowner receives her city or county tax assessment for her home, and she calls a city or county tax office to complain, she is: a. sure to be unsuccessful b. acting individually, but if many people deliberately do this together, they may starting a social movement tactical repertoire c. engaging in what Snow calls "quotidian disruption" d. acting outside the normal range of acceptable citizen behavior
b
When asked why their Black playmates couldn't use the public swimming pool, Iris Summers' children were told: a. Black people spread polio b. They can swim in the river c. They don't pay taxes, so they can't use public facilities d. All of the above were given as reasons for barring Blacks from public pools
b
When something benefiting a large group of people cannot be denied to those who successfully avoided contributing to achieve the benefit, this is called _______. a. slippage in the system b. the free rider problem c. universalism d. social democracy
b
Who said "If you want to change the world, be that change"? a. John Kennedy b. Mohandas Gandhi c. the Prophet Mohammed d. Napoleon Bonaparte
b
Why do social movement participants sometimes engage in provocative, dramatic, flamboyant, and even lewd public displays and activities? a. some participants become so emotional they are willing to do these things b. they are trying to get public attention for their cause or message c. it is important that a social movement be fun, as well as serious, in pursuing a cause d. a dramatic presentation is required in order to critique the absurdity of normal life
b
Why do we know and honor Rosa Parks? a. she was the first black woman to refuse to give up her seat in a public bus b. she tested the enforcement of a Supreme Court decision upholding another woman's refusal to give up her seat on a public bus, setting off of the Montgomery Bus Boycott c. her refusal to give up her seat on a public bus started the first legal action that challenged racial segregation d. she refused to give up her seat on a public bus; Whites were so impressed with her courage they stopped segregating busses and all public facilities and services
b
In most cases, social movements are: a. opposed by the state that tries to discredit them b. well organized and long-lasting c. not successful d. supported by the majority of people in a society
c
It is difficult to read a daily newspaper and not come across at least one article on: a. a dramatic scientific breakthrough b. a political scandal c. a group of people who have organized in order to affect social change d. terrorism
c
It is important for social movements to establish what sociologists call a "definition of the situation" that they are involved in; this is also known as social movement___________. a. ideology b. resource mobilization c. framing d. situationalism
c
Like much of the environmental movement, the ____ movement tries to get people to change their personal choices and alter their behavior in matters relating to ____. a. anti-nuclear power...energy use b. civil rights...institutional racism c. food...what they eat d. family values...marriage and family
c
Movements find opportunities for support when there are divisions or fissures among: a. intellectuals and the media b. social movement participants c. powerful elites d. ethnic groups
c
Social movements that seek to change "outlooks, personal practices, uses of technology, and ways of living" are focused on having: a. legal impacts b. policy impacts c. cultural impacts d. public opinion impacts
c
The discussion beginning on page 167 outlines the history of a movement whose goal was to: a. increase women's rights across the globe b. end war c. strengthen the power of workers d. create democratic societies
c
The target of many, if not most social movements is: a. the legal system b. the moral breakdown in society c. authority, usually systems of authority like those of government or large corporations d. minorities and other less-powerful groups in society
c
Where was the violent labor strike in 1936 that opened the door for workers across the industry to unionize? a. the docks in Naples, Italy b. Appalachia's mines c. auto plants in Detroit, Michigan d. London's garment district
c
Which nation in 2009 successfully suppressed a pro-democracy social movement by banning protests, jailing and killing protesters, and blocking cell phone and Internet service? a. Indonesia b. Russia c. Iran d. Chile
c
Diagnostic, proscriptive, and motivational are three types of social movement____________. a. ideologies b. leadership c. organizations d. framing
d
Following the 1973 Roe v. Wade US Supreme Court decision on abortion, a social movement emerged to: a. make adoptions easier b. make contraceptives more widely available to teenagers c. encourage sexual abstinence among single women d. have abortions restricted as much as possible
d
Opportunities for social movement activities, involving a range of tactics, are greater in: a. cities than in rural areas b. wealthy countries than poor countries c. universities than high schools d. democratic nations than authoritarian nations
d
Social movements' successes usually affect or benefit people who were not involved in the social movement, because social movements usually: a. fail to hit their target b. are hijacked by powerful groups who use them for their own benefit c. attract people who want things for others, not for themselves d. pursue collective goods rather than gains only for the participants
d
Soon after 1900 what radical organization formed to agitate for better working conditions for miners, loggers, migrant workers, and others in the West and Northwest? a. Communist Party b. Guild of Dignified Labor (GDL) c. Chamber of Commerce d. Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
d
Studying social movements has often taken two forms: a. watching movements from afar and joining movements to learn "from the inside" b. studying nonviolent movements and investigating violent movements c. seeing them as threats to social order and security and seeing them as agents of needed change in society d. finding out how movements develop and remain active, and finding out if and which desired outcomes resulted from social movement activity
d
The accumulation of the effects of social movement participation, when many people are active in one or more movements during the same period of time, can create a: a. loss of social support for conventional activity, including working and raising families b. disorganized society c. breakdown in routine political activity d. period effect of social change
d
The concern motivating people to engage in a social movement is generally called a: a. catalyst b. pseudo-event c. meme d. grievance
d
Violence used against what social movement led public opinion to grow much more favorable toward its cause and helped propel legislation in its favor? a. the environmental movement b. the pro-abortion movement c. the consumer protection movement d. the civil rights movement
d
What is the term used as a shorthand for the laws and everyday practices upholding discrimination and prejudice against African Americans? a. racism b. patriarchy c. Negritude d. Jim Crow
d
What social movements seek to change individuals but avoids trying to make social change? a. libertarian movements b. religious and other spiritual movements c. reformist movements d. escapist and insular movements
d
Why do some people participate in a social movement while others who feel the same way do not? a. participants are often in situations involving others who are participants b. it is more convenient for some people to participate than others c. having been a past movement participant increases chances you'll do it again d. All of the above are reasons for social movement participation
d
Why is it often difficult to know how a social movement causes social change? a. changing social contexts create and erase opportunities for social movements b. many things drive social change, often simultaneously with social movement action c. social movements actions can have consequences different from what was intended d. All of the above make it difficult to know how social movements drive social change
d
