Chapter 5
According to equity theory, what is the basis used by employees when determining if a decision is equitable?
a comparison of input-outcome ratios
The outcome/input ratio is an element of which motivation theory?
Equity Theory
Equity Theory
a theory that states that people will be motivated when they perceive that they are being treated fairly
According to ________, people learn by observing or hearing about what happened to other people, not just by directly experiencing the consequences.
social cognitive theory
Distributive Justice
the perceived degree to which outcomes and rewards are fairly distributed or allocated
procedural justice
the perceived fairness of the process and procedures used to make allocation decisions
postive reinforcement
introduction of a consequence increases or maintains the freq. or future probability of a specific behavior
Which of the following outcomes would be expected if an organization implemented an ongoing skills-based training program for assembly line workers in which the workers' learning efforts resulted in recognition of increased abilities?
Increased effort-to-performance expectancies
Consequences influence behavior" best describes which theory of motivation?
Organizational behavior modification
BEST example of a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement?
A supervisor occasionally praises workers for a job well done.
The perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a particular outcome is which element of expectancy theory?
P-O
P-O expectancy
Perceived probability that a specific behavior or performance level will lead to a specific outcome
Drive to acquire
The drive to seek, take control of, and retain objects and personal experiences.
the following statements about four-drive theory is true?
The theory acknowledges the role of human thought on behavior.
A manager should ________ in order to increase an employee's expected satisfaction with outcomes resulting from desired performance.
individualize rewards
According to goal setting theory, goals must be within the employee's control. In other words, goals must be
relevant
One positive approach to feedback is ________, which focuses on areas of work where the employee excels or has demonstrated potential.
strength-based coaching
Interactional Justice
the degree to which people are treated with respect, kindness, and dignity in interpersonal interactions
E-P expectancy
the expectancy that putting effort into a given task will lead to high performance
Which of the following would be the most appropriate strategy if an organization wanted to increase employees' beliefs that good performance will result in valued outcomes?
Describing how rewards are based on past performance
Which of the following strategies would be most appropriate if an organization wanted to improve the employees' expected value of outcomes?
Individualize rewards distributed to employees
BEST describes the role of social norms, self-concept, and past experience on needs?
They regulate a person's motivated decisions and behavior.
In the four-drive theory, achievement, competence, status, and self-esteem are produced by the drive to
acquire
People with a high need for achievement
choose moderately challenging tasks.
Providing positive reinforcement after every occurrence of the desired behavior is known as a(n) ______ schedule.
continuous reinforcement
What are the three elements of motivation that affect voluntary behavior?
direction, intensity, persistence
Drive to bond
drive to form social relationships and develop mutual caring commitments with others
Drive to comprehend
drive to satisfy our curiosity, to know and understand ourselves and the environment around us
Motivation starts with our ________, which generate emotions that put us in a state of readiness to act.
drives
Needs are essentially ________ that we become consciously aware of and channel toward particular goals and associated behaviors.
emotions
The "value-expressive" function of voice states that _
employees react favorably to having an opportunity to express their views on an issue
Maslow asserted that, because human behavior is initiated by more than one need at a time, needs should be studied together. This is an example of the _____ perspective.
holistic
Item 7 People experience self-actualization by applying their skills and knowledge, observing how their talents achieve meaningful results, and experiencing personal growth through learning. These are the conditions for
intrinsic motivation.
The strength of needs is impacted by self-concept, social norms and ________, which amplify or suppress emotions.
past experiences
One of the major criticisms of organizational behavior modification is that it _
suggests that behavior is learned only through interaction with the environment
extinction
behavior decreases because no consequence follows it
XYZ Corp. provided training and clarified job requirements. This practice improves employee motivation by
improving E-to-P expectancies.
Dylan is studying for an exam. The length of time that he studies would represent his ________ of effort.
persistence
Which type of justice is higher when the decision maker demonstrates neutrality, allows everyone involved to have their say, and allows an appeal of the decision?
procedural justice
Three important components of social cognitive theory include: learning behavioral consequences, behavior modeling, and
self-regulation
negative reinforcement
the reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus
Which of the drives in the four-drive theory would be best met by an organization by improving its compensation system and linking pay with performance?
Drive to acquire
What is multisource feedback?
Information about an employee's performance is collected from a full circle of people.
Drive to defend
The desire to remove threats to our safety and security and to protect what we regard as 'ours'.
punishment
a consequence that eliminates or reduces the frequency of a behavior
variable-ratio schedule
a reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses
A person with high E-to-P expectancy believes that _
achieving a desired performance level depends on his or her effort
The ________ principle states that everyone in the group should receive the same outcomes.
equality
