Chapter 6

What is very important in interpersonal communication, given that relationships between people are constantly changing?

Behavioral flexibility

Example of idiosyncratic/ symbolic rituals

Calling each other by a special name or celebrating the anniversary of their first date

Stability is a dialectic tension with

Change

An extrovert being friends with an introvert demonstrates which type of relationship?

Complementary

Empathy

Concern for others

Example of couple-time ritual

Exercising together or having dinner together every Saturday night

Integration is a dialectic tension with

Separation

Johari Blind area (II)

Information that is known to others but unknown to you

Johari Hidden area (III)

Information that is known to self but not known to others

Johari Open area (I)

Information that is known to you and to other people

Johari Unknown area (IV)

Information that is not known to yourself or others

Deceptive communication

The practice of deliberately making somebody believe things that are not true

Bargaining

The process in which two or more parties attempt to reach an agreement on what each should give and receive in a transaction between them

Self-Disclosure

The process of making intentional revelations about yourself that others would be unlikely to know and that generally constitute private, sensitive, or confidential information

Obsession, jealousy, gossip, and mental abuse are examples of

possible negative qualities of some interpersonal relationships

Disclosure tends to be

reciprocal

If two people in a relationship start to merge their social circles and purchase items together, they are exhibiting actions in the ______ stage

relational development

Disclosure generally increases as

relational intimacy increases

Friendships have changed over time largely due to

social media

Communication and relationship development are

symbiotic

negative disclosure is directly related to

the intimacy of the relationship

Interpersonal Communication

The process of using messages to generate meaning between at least two people in a situation that allows mutual opportunities for both speaking and listening

Argumentativeness

The quality or state of being argumentative; synonymous with contentiousness or combativeness

Compliance-resisiting

The refusal of targets of influence messages to comply with requests

Control

The speaker does not allow the second person to join in the discussion of how a problem should be solved

Relational Maintenance

The stage in a relationship after a couple has bonded and in which they engage in the process of keeping the relationship together

Relational Deterioration

The stage in a relationship in which the prior bond disintegrates

Dialectic

The tension that exists between two conflicting or interacting forces, elements, or ideas

Problem Orientation

To act as though you do not have the solution but to offer up multiple ideas

Description

To report observations rather than offering evaluative comments

Personal Idioms

Unique forms of expression and language understood only by individual couples

Evaluation

When an individual makes a judgement about another person or his or her behavior

Superiority

When the first person treats the second as a person of lower status

We may begin a relationship with someone based on how desirable that person is to work with in the classroom. This type of motivation is called

attractiveness

disclosure may be _____ for a variety of reasons

avoided

The need for inclusion

becoming involved with others

Behaviors that reduce defensiveness

-Description -Problem Orientation -Empathy -Equality -Provisionalism -Spontaneity

Behaviors that promote defensiveness in others

-Evaluation -Control -Neutrality -Superiority -Certainty -Strategy

Three basic interpersonal needs that are satisfied through interaction with others according to William Schutz

-The need for inclusion -The need for affection -The need for control

Motivations for terminating relationships

-hurtful messages -deceptive communication -aggressiveness -argumentativeness -defensiveness

Motivations for initiating relationships

-proximity -attractiveness -responsiveness -similarity -complementarity

Essential interpersonal communication behaviors

-using affectionate and supportive communication -influencing others -developing a unique relationship

Three essential features of bargaining

1. All parties perceive the possibility of reaching an agreement in which each party would be better off, or no worse off, than if no agreement were reached 2. All parties perceive more than one such agreement that could be reached 3. Each party perceives the others as having conflicting preferences or opposed interests

Compliance-gaining

Attempts made by a source of messages to influence a target "to perform some desired behavior that the target otherwise not perform."

Example of spiritual rituals

Attending services together or doing yoga together

Why is self-disclosure important?

1. allows us to develop greater understanding of ourselves 2. allows you to develop a more positive attitude about yourself 3. allows relationships to grow in depth and meaning

Steps to establishing a strong cross-cultural relationship

1. have meaningful personal interaction 2. maintain equal status 3. find ways to build interdependence 4. respect individual differences

Attractiveness

A concept that includes physical attractiveness, how desirable a person is to work with, and how much "social value" the person has for others

Examples of Johari Open area (I)

Approximate height, weight, and information you freely disclose such as hometown, major, age

Interpersonal Relationships

Associations between at least two people who are interdependent, who use some consistent patterns of interaction, and who have interacted for an extended period of time

A motivation for terminating a relationship by deliberately making somebody believe untrue things is labeled

Deceptive communication

Certainty

Denotes a lack of openness to alternative ideas

Rituals

Formalized patterns of actions or words followed regularly

Examples of intimacy rituals

Giving each other a massage or talking on the phone with each other before bed

Examples of daily routines and tasks

If living together, one partner always preparing dinner and one cleaning up after

Contradictions

In dialectic theory, the idea that each person in a relationship might have two opposing desires for maintaining the relationship

Example of patterns, habits, and mannerisms

Meeting her need of being complement before going out for a fancy evening and meeting his need to be reassured before family events

Hurtful messages

Messages that create emotional pain or upset

Spontaneity

Naturalness and lack of premeditation

Defensiveness

Occurs when a person feels attacked

Your childhood nickname and the pet name your significant other calls you are examples of

Personal idioms

Expression is a dialectic tension with

Privacy

Complementary Relationships

Relationships in which each person supplies something the other person or persons lack

Symmetrical Relationships

Relationships in which participants mirror each other or are highly similar

Example of communication rituals

Saying "I love you" before going to sleep

______ is fundamental to relationships

Self-Disclosure

Behavioral Flexibility

The ability to alter behavior to adapt to new situations and to relate in new ways when necessary

Aggressiveness

The assertion of one's rights at the expense of others and care about one's own needs but no one else's

Provisionalism

The communicator does not communicate certainty or a total conviction but is open to other ideas

Strategy

The employment of manipulative and premeditative behavior

Similarity

The idea that our friends and loved ones are usually people who like or dislike the same things we do

Complementarity

The idea that we sometimes bond with people whose strengths are our weaknesses

Responsiveness

The idea that we tend to select our friends and loved ones from people who demonstrate positive interest in us

Relational Development

The initial stage in a relationship that moves a couple from meeting to mating

Proximity

The location, distance, or range between persons and things

Neutrality

The originator of the message does not show concern for the second person

Symbiotic

affect each other both ways

Disclosure varies across ____

cultures

rational satisfaction and disclosure are _____ related

curvilinearly

Most relationships go through definable stages of

development, maintenance, and deterioration

Relational deterioration is marked by

differentiating behavior

Successful interpersonal relationships are based on _____

effective communication

Motivations for maintaining relationships

gender and cultural differences and satisfying relationships

The need for control

having the ability to influence others, our environment, and ourselves

The need for affection

holding fond or tender feelings toward another person

positive disclosure does not necessarily

increase as the relationship becomes more intimate

Cross-cultural relationships are _____ common

increasingly

Couple-time rituals help maintain long-term

interpersonal relationships

Social networking sites provide opportunities for

new kinds of interpersonal relationships

The quality of friendship is affected by

other psychological predispositions

Interpersonal relationships are important because

they fulfill our needs for inclusion, affection, and control

Interpersonal communication is the process of

using messages to generate meaning between at least two people in a situation that allows mutual opportunities for both speaking and listening