Chapter 6, Chapter 5, Chapter 4, Chapter 3, Chapter 2

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: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 106) Describe the three major roles of structural proteins.

: 1. connect membrane to the cytoskeleton to maintain cell shape 2. create cell junctions that hold tissues together 3. attach cells to the extracellular matrix by linking cytoskeleton fibers to extracellular collagen and other protein fibers Section Title: Protein-Mediated Transport Learning Outcome: 5.7

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 97) Name two ways the selectivity of a channel is determined.

: 1. the diameter of the central pore 2. the electrical charge of the amino acids that line the channel Section Title: Protein-Mediated Transport Learning Outcome: 5.7

: Level IV: Quantitative Problems (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 143) You mix one liter of 300 mOsM NaCl with two liters 450 mOsM glucose. A. What is the osmolarity of the new solution? B. What is the final osmolarity of the NaCl in the new solution? C. What is the final osmolarity of glucose in the new solution? D. What is the tonicity of this new solution compared to a red blood cell with 300 mOsM nonpenetrating solute?

: A. 300 mOsM NaCl × 1 L = 300 mOsmoles NaCl. 450 mOsM glucose × 2 L = 900 mOsmoles glucose. Total solutes = 900 mOsmoles + 300 mOsmoles = 1200 mOsmoles. Total volume = 1 L + 2 L = 3 L. 1200 mOsmoles/3 L = 400 mOsM solution. B. 300 mOsmoles/3 L = 100 mOsM NaCl. C. 900 mOsmoles/3 L = 300 mOsM glucose. D. Solution is hyperosmotic. Glucose is a penetrating solute, so glucose diffuses into the cell, raising the osmolarity, causing water to diffuse into the cell. The cell swells. Thus, the solution is hypotonic. Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 113) Explain and distinguish between the following: A. chemical reaction equilibrium B. chemical equilibrium C. osmotic equilibrium

: A. Chemical reaction equilibrium is achieved in reversible reactions when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction. At this state there is no net change in the concentration of reactants and products in the system. This does not mean that concentrations are equal. B. Chemical equilibrium occurs when the concentration of a particular solute in one location equals that in another. Typically the locations compared are intracellular vs. extracellular. C. Osmotic equilibrium occurs when total solute concentration is the same, though chemical disequilibrium may exist. Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 5) Which of the following terms is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) a cell wall B) a cell membrane C) plasma membrane D) plasmalemma E) All of the answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Biological Membranes Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 6) Permeability is a property of A) membranes. B) ions. C) solutes. D) solvents. E) proteins.

: A Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 117) If a 10% sucrose solution is separated from a 20% sucrose solution by a membrane impermeable to sucrose, in which direction will net movement of water occur? A) from the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution only B) from the 20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution only C) There will be no net movement of water in this case. D) from the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution and from the 20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution E) None of the answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 3) According to the second law of thermodynamics, A) the amount of entropy in living systems increases without the input of energy. B) entropy decreases in living systems that are not receiving energy. C) energy can be converted, but not be created nor destroyed. D) the total amount of energy in the universe never changes.

: A Section Title: Energy in Biological Systems Learning Outcome: 4.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 59) carbonic anhydrase

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 10) When a chemical reaction is in equilibrium, A) there is no net change in the amount of substrates or products. B) the reaction is proceeding at its maximum rate. C) the reaction has stopped. D) there are equivalent amounts of substrates and products.

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 8) Isozymes A) are enzymes with slightly different structure that catalyze the same reaction. B) are enzymes with the same structure that catalyze different reactions. C) are inorganic molecules that bind to and thereby activate enzymes. D) are the inactive form of an enzyme.

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 9) Enzymes increase reaction rate by A) lowering the activation energy of a reaction. B) increasing the free energy in the products. C) raising the activation energy of a reaction. D) converting an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 97) The rate of product formation by an enzyme-catalyzed reaction would be increased by A) adding more substrate molecules. B) adding more product molecules. C) reducing the number of enzymes. D) reducing the number of substrate molecules.

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 38) An example of transamination is A) removing an amine group from one molecule and binding it to a different molecule. B) removing an amino group and putting it into the bloodstream for the kidneys to discard. C) removing a phosphate group from a molecule. D) finding a brand new sports car in your driveway with your name on it.

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 20) An enzyme that adds or subtracts water molecules is a A) hydrolase. B) lipase. C) transferase. D) ligase. E) kinase.

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 52) dehydrogenase

: A Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 60) Homeostatic control that takes place at the tissue or cell by using paracrine or autocrine signals is called ________. A) local control B) reflex control C) Cannon's law D) down-regulation

: A Section Title: Homeostatic Reflex Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 21) the minimum stimulus to trigger a response

: A Section Title: Homeostatic Reflex Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 16) The thickest protein fibers from the following group are A) microtubules. B) neurofilaments. C) microfilaments. D) myosin molecules. E) keratin filaments.

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 34) The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells is ________ adipose (fat) cells. A) greater than B) less than C) equal to

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 35) The control center for cellular operations is the A) nucleus. B) mitochondria. C) Golgi complex. D) endoplasmic reticulum. E) ribosomes.

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 28) Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondria D) nucleoli E) Golgi apparatus

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 33) Peroxisomes A) use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell. B) are a type of lysosome. C) are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles. D) are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids. E) All of the answers accurately describe peroxisomes.

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 15) Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except one. Identify the exception. A) lysosome B) cilia C) centriole D) ribosome E) cytoskeleton

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 110) In a pancreatic cell producing digestive enzyme, you would expect to find an elaborate A) rough endoplasmic reticulum. B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 124) mitochondrion

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 127) endoplasmic reticulum

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) For each question, select the corresponding category: A. membranous organelle B. inclusion 123) lysosome

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 41) Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence. 1. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 2. A secretory vesicle is formed. 3. A transport vesicle is formed. 4. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex. A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 1, 3, 4, 2 D) 4, 3, 1, 2 E) 3, 1, 4, 2

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 39) The term secretion refers to A) the process by which a cell releases a substance into the extracellular space for a particular use. B) synthesis of a protein for export from the cell. C) the manufacture and assembly of a material. D) storage of a material, until it is time for it to leave the cell. E) None of the answers describe secretion.

: A Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 17) An allosteric modulator binds to A) a region of the enzyme other than the active site. B) the active site. C) the substrate. D) the product. E) the surrounding tissue.

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 107) The protein in the mitochondria that captures the kinetic energy of moving H+ ions and converts it to the stored energy of ATP is called A) ATP synthase. B) lactate dehydrogenase. C) oxidative phosphorylase. D) glucokinase.

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 50) Following post-translational modification, any misfolded protein will be destroyed by A) ubiquitin. B) chaperones. C) methylation. D) ribonucleases.

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 44) Transcription occurs in the ________ of the cell. A) nucleus B) cytoplasm C) Golgi apparatus D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum E) plasma membrane

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 41) The TAC sequence of DNA is the ________ of a coding sequence that is preceded by the ________ that regulates transcription. A) start, promoter region B) start, intron C) stop, promoter region D) stop, intron

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 114) If the enzyme RNA polymerase was completely inhibited within a cell, it could not A) form proteins. B) form complementary sequences of DNA. C) link pieces of DNA together. D) form spindle fibers. E) form a new nuclear membrane during cell division.

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 110) Transcription of the DNA triplet sequence ATC yields A) UAG. B) TAG. C) UTC. D) ATC.

: A Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 41) This particle has a charge of +1 and a mass of 1.

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match each class of biomolecules to the correct statement about it. A. carbohydrates B. lipids C. proteins D. nucleotides 57) Glucose and ribose are examples; these molecules provide energy or structure.

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 40) The identity of an element can be determined by the number of ________.

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 51) C

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 52) O2

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 31) Polymers are a typical formation of ________ molecules. A) organic B) inorganic C) either organic or inorganic

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 47) phosphorus

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 97) The designation Ca2+ means A) calcium has space for two more electrons. B) calcium has gained two more electrons. C) calcium has space for two more protons. D) calcium has gained two more protons.

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 56) These are weak attractive forces between the nucleus of one atom and the electrons of another atom close by.

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 14) The most important polar molecule is ________ because it is practically a universal solvent. A) water B) bicarbonate C) sodium chloride D) magnesium sulfate E) nucleic acid

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 96) Which of the following elements combine to form nonpolar covalent bonds? A) carbon and hydrogen B) nitrogen and hydrogen C) sodium and chlorine D) hydrogen and oxygen E) carbon and chlorine

: A Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 104) Only free H+ contributes to the hydrogen ion concentration. A) True B) False

: A Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level III: Problem Solving (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 139) How many grams of glucose, m.w. 180 daltons, is necessary to make 1 liter of a 1.0 molar solution? A) 180 B) 360 C) 90 D) 6.02 × 1023 E) 1.0

: A Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 103) Lipids are hydrophobic, and do not usually dissolve in water. Because blood is water-based, the lipid cholesterol is combined with ________ so that it can be transported by blood. A) a hydrophilic molecule B) a hydrophobic molecule C) nothing; cholesterol is not transported in blood D) a cation E) an anion

: A Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 76) The inside of a resting cell is slightly negative relative to the outside. This is an example of A) electrical disequilibrium. B) osmotic equilibrium. C) chemical disequilibrium. D) failed homeostasis.

: A Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 71) covalent modulator

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 3) Cells regulate their level of activity by regulating the amount of proteins present in the cell at any given time, so an up regulation of enzymes would be expected to A) increase the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them. B) decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them. C) increase the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. D) decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes. E) both decrease the level of productivity of chemical reactions that rely on them and decrease the rate of reactions catalyzed by the enzymes.

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 62) the sequence and number of amino acids in the chain

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 69) structural components

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 66) keratin

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 106) Chemical reactions that occur in the human body proceed at a faster rate due to special catalytic molecules called A) enzymes. B) cytozymes. C) cofactors. D) activators. E) None of the answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 4) When an enzyme reaches its saturation point, A) the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very high. B) the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very low. C) the amount of product produced continues to increase. D) the amount of product produced by the enzyme decreases. E) the amount of substrate for the enzyme to act upon is very low and the amount of product produced by the enzyme decreases.

: A Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.9

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 29) receptors

: A Section Title: Protein-Mediated Transport Learning Outcome: 5.7

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 15) Usually, cytokine binding activates A) JAK kinase. B) tyrosine kinase. C) intrinsic transducers. D) calmodulin kinase. E) citrulline kinase.

: A Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 55) One intracellular calcium-binding protein is A) calmodulin. B) calcitonin. C) calcitriol. D) IP3. E) nitric oxide.

: A Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.3

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 52) The most important factor determining which type of receptor a signal molecule will bind to is A) the lipid solubility of the ligand. B) the size of the ligand. C) the size of the receptor molecule. D) the location of the receptor molecule.

: A Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 48) any value other than 0 mV, regardless of relationship to resting potential

: A Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 85) The cell membrane acts as a good A) electrical insulator. B) electrical conductor. C) electrical gradient. D) source of ions.

: A Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 64) The term meaning a mitotic population of cells that persists into adulthood applies to A) stem cells. B) totipotent cells. C) apoptosis. D) nurse cells. E) gametocytes.

: A Section Title: Tissue Remodeling Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 55) Due to the fact that they divide frequently, epithelia are prone to the genetic mutations associated with cancer. A) True B) False

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 52) Glands that secrete hormones into the blood via tissue fluids are A) endocrine glands. B) mixed glands. C) exocrine glands. D) unicellular glands. E) None of the answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 77) chondrocyte

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 54) Every substance that enters or leaves the internal environment of the body must cross an epithelium. A) True B) False

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 117) Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels, and one surface of the cells faces the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably A) epithelium. B) muscle tissue. C) connective tissue. D) neural tissue. E) fat tissue.

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 130) These thin, flattened cells allow the rapid passage of O2 and CO2 through the cells of the lungs and of certain blood vessels.

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.8

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 137) cytosol

: A Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 33) the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient

: A Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 32) the movement of molecules via proteins embedded in the cell membrane; requires ATP

: A Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 11) Which of the following is a way for solutes in an aqueous solution to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration? A) only facilitated diffusion B) only osmosis C) only active transport D) both facilitated diffusion and osmosis E) None of the answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 42) movement from the extracellular fluid into the lumen of an organ

: A Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 19) Caveolae and clathrin-coated pits are both used in A) endocytosis. B) exocytosis. C) phagocytosis. D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.

: A Section Title: Vesicular Transport Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 74) Pinocytosis and potocytosis are types of A) endocytosis. B) exocytosis. C) phagocytosis. D) endocytosis and exocytosis. E) exocytosis and phagocytosis.

: A Section Title: Vesicular Transport Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level III: Problem Solving (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 121) Design an experiment to test whether molecular weight does indeed influence the rate of diffusion. Be sure to list all controlled variables.

: Answers will vary. Controlled variables may include temperature, pH, composition and volume of solvent or medium, amount of solute added. Solutes could be soluble dyes of different molecular weight, and rate of diffusion could be estimated by observing the extent of coloration around a dye crystal at specified intervals. Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 34) ________ are molecules that bind to the receptor in such a way that they block the normal ligand from binding and turning the receptor on. As a result, the signal pathway remains inactive.

: Antagonists (or Competitive inhibitors) Section Title: Modulation of Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 3) The most significant difference between a paracrine and an autocrine is A) the cell that releases it. B) the cell that responds to it. C) the method of transport. D) the route of transport. E) There are no differences—they are the same.

: B Section Title: Cell-to-Cell Communication Learning Outcome: 6.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 7) A reversible reaction is one where A) there are large changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. B) there are small changes in the net free energy from substrate to product. C) there is no change in the net free energy from substrate to product. D) a reaction between products is unlikely due to the high activation energy.

: B Section Title: Chemical Reactions Learning Outcome: 4.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 94) An exergonic chemical reaction A) converts substrates into products that have more free energy. B) releases energy as the reaction progresses. C) requires the input of energy. D) requires an enzyme in order to overcome the activation energy.

: B Section Title: Chemical Reactions Learning Outcome: 4.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 5) Water is a polar molecule, yet it easily moves through the nonpolar portions of cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible? A) facilitated diffusion B) simple diffusion C) uniport D) symport E) antiport

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.4

: Level III: Problem Solving (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 118) If a 10% sucrose solution is separated from a 20% sucrose solution by a membrane permeable to sucrose, in which direction will net diffusion of sucrose take place? A) from the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution B) from the 20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution C) There will be no diffusion in this case. D) from the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution and from the 20% sucrose solution E) neither from the 10% sucrose solution to the 20% sucrose solution nor from the 20% sucrose solution to the 10% sucrose solution

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.4

: Level III: Problem Solving (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 119) The concentration of calcium inside a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium outside the cell is 0.1%. How could the cell transport even more calcium to the inside? A) passive transport B) active transport C) osmosis D) exocytosis E) All of the answers are correct.

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 23) Passive transport refers to a process that requires A) no energy at all. B) no cellular energy. C) no pressure gradient. D) no concentration gradient. E) no electrical gradient.

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 24) Which of the following is NOT true of diffusion in the human body? A) Diffusion occurs faster at higher temperatures. B) Smaller molecules take longer to diffuse than larger ones. C) Net movement of molecules occurs until the osmolarity is equal. D) Diffusion is rapid over short distances and slower over longer distances.

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 82) A cell that is permeable to Solute X is placed into solution containing a higher concentration of X. Diffusion occurs until equilibrium is attained. At this time, A) there is no further movement of Solute X across the membrane. B) there is no further change in concentration of Solute X. C) Both of the statements are correct. D) Neither of the statements is correct.

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 72) Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is A) proportional to surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient. B) proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability. C) proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient and surface area. D) proportional to membrane thickness and surface area.

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 83) Cations will ________ each other. A) attract B) repel C) not react with

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.9

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 84) Anions will ________ each other. A) attract B) repel C) not react with

: B Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.9

Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 6e (Silverthorn) Chapter 4 Energy and Cellular Metabolism 1) Energy is defined as A) doing tasks that make you tired. B) the capacity to do work. C) the light and heat from the sun. D) using glucose to synthesize ATP.

: B Section Title: Energy in Biological Systems Learning Outcome: 4.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) In the reaction shown, identify the role of each of the participants. CO2 + H2O H2CO3 A. enzyme B. substrate(s) C. product(s) 58) CO2 + H2O

: B Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 22) A molecule that loses electrons during a reaction is A) reduced. B) oxidized. C) dehydrated. D) hydrated.

: B Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 54) lipase

: B Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 53) dehydratase

: B Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 12) In an epithelium, the apical membrane is also known as the ________ membrane. A) basolateral B) mucosal C) serosal D) basement E) nictitating

: B Section Title: Epithelial Transport Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 2) The space that is surrounded by the tissue wall of hollow organs is known as A) the peritoneal cavity. B) the lumen. C) the extracellular space. D) the epidural space. E) the tract.

: B Section Title: Functional Compartments of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 3) The lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the ________ environment. A) internal B) external

: B Section Title: Functional Compartments of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.1

Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 6e (Silverthorn) Chapter 3 Compartmentation: Cells and Tissues 1) When cancer develops in one tissue and spreads to another via the blood or the lymph, the cancer is said to have undergone what process? A) differentiation B) metastasis C) cytokinesis D) mutation

: B Section Title: Functional Compartments of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 22) the organ or gland that performs the change

: B Section Title: Homeostatic Reflex Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.8

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 116) When you eat a large meal and your body absorbs a lot of glucose and that makes its way to the interstitial fluid before going into the cell. 100% of the glucose should be absorbed into the cell from the interstitial fluid. Why does nearly all of the glucose enter the cell, rather than only half of it? A) It is moved by active transport. B) It is modified by the cell, so there is still more glucose on the outside of the cell than inside it. C) Insulin forces glucose into the cell against a concentration gradient. D) The cells make ATP so fast, they use up all the glucose as soon as it enters the cell.

: B Section Title: Integrated Membrane Processes: Insulin Secretion Learning Outcome: 5.14

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 30) The proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are then sent to A) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum for storage. B) the Golgi complex for packaging. C) the lysosome for modification. D) the cell membrane for secretion. E) the nucleus for cellular use.

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 25) Which does NOT accurately complete the sentence? One of the major functions of both types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the A) synthesis of biomolecules. B) storage of genetic material for the cell. C) transport of biomolecules. D) storage of biomolecules.

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 23) Centrioles A) function as pipelines to move fluid through the cell. B) direct the movement of DNA during cell division. C) hold the cell's ribosomes in place. D) are white blood cells out of vessels. E) provide shape and stability to a cell.

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 36) The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, a protein-based hormone. Which of the following organelles would be found in higher levels in the beta cells? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) microvilli D) lysosomes

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 118) Increasing muscle mass and decreasing fat content in your body can increase resting metabolism. Why is this? A) because doing so requires exercise and exercising burns calories B) because muscle cells have more mitochondria than fat cells, allowing for more energy to be made from sugar C) because adipocytes contain more cytoplasmic inclusions which slow down metabolism D) because fat cells have no blood supply and cannot carry nutrients to be metabolized

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 109) Examination of a sample of glandular cells reveals an extensive network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which of the following would be a likely product of these cells? A) digestive enzymes B) steroid hormones C) protein (peptide) hormones D) transport proteins E) antibodies

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 125) ribosome

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 126) cilium

: B Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 16) A competitive inhibitor binds to A) a region of the enzyme other than the active site. B) the active site. C) the substrate. D) the product. E) the surrounding tissue.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 23) The active sites of enzymes are A) products of an enzymatic reaction. B) regions of an enzyme that are involved in bringing substrates together. C) bonds between the substrate and certain amino acids. D) not necessarily involved in a reaction.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 28) Compartmentation refers to A) pairing together isozymes that perform similar reactions. B) grouping related enzymes into specific organelles. C) separating substrates into chemical classes. D) dividing metabolic reactions into groups for better understanding.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 99) Cells normally regulate the rate of an enzymatic reaction by A) raising their temperature to 110° F. B) changing the concentration of an enzyme. C) increasing reaction rate as the concentration of product increases. D) allowing all metabolic enzymes to be found throughout the cytoplasm.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 101) In order to slow generation of product from a particular biochemical pathway within a cell, the intermediates formed by that pathway A) are removed from the cell more quickly. B) accumulate inside the cell. C) are rapidly converted into. D) become toxic to the cell.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 34) What is the potential yield of ATP molecules for each FADH2 molecule entering the electron transport system? A) 1 B) 1.5 C) 2 D) 2.5 E) 3

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 27) When energy is released during catabolism, it is temporarily trapped in high energy bonds or electrons of certain compounds. Which of the following is NOT associated with carrying energy? A) ATP B) DNA C) NADH D) FADH2 E) NADPH

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 31) In the aerobic metabolism of glucose, ________ acts as the final electron acceptor. A) water B) oxygen C) carbon dioxide D) lactate E) ATP

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 35) Why is there a range of 30-32 ATP molecules produced from one glucose molecule? A) Sometimes the electron transport system is more efficient than other times. B) The NADH molecules produced during glycolysis are in the cytoplasm; occasionally, electrons are carried by the lower energy FADH2 instead of NADH. C) Individual variation is normal among cells. D) Any of these answers may work under different cellular conditions.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 102) Which of the following is a key intermediate of glucose catabolism to the citric acid cycle? A) ATP B) pyruvate C) oxygen D) lactate E) glucokinase

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 42) All of the triplet codes needed to produce exactly one functional piece of RNA are found in one A) chromosome. B) gene. C) codon. D) anticodon. E) None of the answers are correct.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 39) The process of forming mRNA is called A) replication. B) transcription. C) translation. D) ribolation. E) protein synthesis.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 48) The tRNA molecule contains the three-base sequence called the A) codon. B) anticodon. C) semicodon. D) aminocodon.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 45) The enzymes that synthesize mRNA from the start codon are called A) ribonucleases. B) RNA polymerases. C) DNA polymerases. D) ATP synthases. E) lactate dehydrogenases.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 49) In the absence of a signal sequence, a newly synthesized protein localizes to the A) mitochondria. B) cytoplasm. C) peroxisome. D) nucleus. E) plasma membrane.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 112) The template strand of DNA A) is not involved in mRNA synthesis. B) serves as a guide for mRNA synthesis. C) includes the base uracil. D) is alternatively spliced to generate the exon.

: B Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 8) Down-regulation may allow a target cell to A) only increase its number of receptors for a ligand. B) only decrease its number of receptors for a ligand. C) only increase its binding affinity for a ligand. D) decrease the receptors' binding affinity and increase its number of receptors.

: B Section Title: Modulation of Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 21) In regard to lipids, the term unsaturated refers to A) the lack of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in a fatty acid. B) the presence of double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms in a fatty acid. C) the ring structure of steroids. D) glycerol, which acts as an anchor for joined fatty acids. E) fats, such as butter and lard, which come from animal sources.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 43) This particle has a neutral charge and a mass of 1.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 49) sodium

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 60) Triglycerides and steroids are members of this group. As a class they are hydrophobic.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 12) Which of the following are examples of cations? A) SO42- B) Ca2+ C) HPO42- D) HCO3- E) Cl-

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 8) Which of the following is a way to recognize a carbohydrate by looking at its name only? A) It always ends in -ase. B) It ends in -ose C) It begins with nucleo-. D) It begins with proteo-. E) It begins with lipo-.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Identify each of the following as an element (A) or a compound (B). 50) CO2

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 39) Isotopes of the same element differ by having different numbers of ________.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 6e (Silverthorn) Chapter 2 Molecular Interactions 1) Stanley Miller set out to demonstrate an explanation for the origins of organic molecules using a combination of simple organic molecules, heat and periodic burst of electricity through the mixture, ultimately producing what kind of molecules? A) carbohydrates B) amino acids C) lipids D) glycoproteins E) nucleic acids

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match each bond type with its description. A. van der Waals B. ionic C. hydrogen D. covalent 53) This results when an atom has such a strong attraction for electrons that it pulls one or more electrons completely away from another atom.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.3

: Level IV: Quantitative Problems (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 100) A double covalent bond is formed when atoms A) share one pair of electrons (a total of two). B) share two pairs of electrons (a total of four). C) swap two pairs of electrons. D) transfer a pair of electrons from one atom to the other. E) transfer two pairs of electrons from one atom to the other.

: B Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.3

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 98) In a 5% NaCl solution, A) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of water. B) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution. C) the solute is water. D) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of water and there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution. E) this means there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution and the solute is water.

: B Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level IV: Quantitative Problems (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 141) If 100 mL of water contains 5 grams of NaCl, m.w. 58.5 daltons, what is the molarity of the solution in moles/L? A) 0.05 B) 0.85 C) 2.92 D) 0.085 E) 0.25

: B Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 23) The alpha-helix and pleated sheet are examples of the ________ structure of a protein. A) primary B) secondary C) tertiary D) quaternary E) pentanary

: B Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 34) Which of the following substances is most alkaline? A) lemon juice, pH = 2 B) urine, pH = 6 C) tomato juice, pH = 4 D) white wine, pH = 3 E) stomach secretions, pH = 1

: B Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.7

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 35) If a substance has a pH that is less than 7, it is considered A) neutral. B) acidic. C) alkaline. D) a buffer. E) a salt.

: B Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.7

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 105) In the equation CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3-, which of these is an acid? A) HCO3- B) H2CO3 C) H2O D) CO2 E) H+

: B Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.7

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 16) What by-product results during the production of nitric oxide? A) arginine B) citrulline C) nitric oxide synthase D) carbon monoxide E) carbon dioxide

: B Section Title: Novel Signal Molecules Learning Outcome: 6.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 65) Groups of tissues that carry out related functions may form structures known as A) cells. B) organs. C) organelles. D) organisms. E) impossible to tell from the information given

: B Section Title: Organs Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 79) Water will always move from ________ areas to ________ areas, if there are no impermeable barriers. A) hyperosmotic, hyposmotic B) hyposmotic, hyperosmotic C) isosmotic, hyposmotic D) hyperosmotic, isosmotic

: B Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 80) Substances that readily dissolve in water and do not readily dissolve in lipids are A) hydrophobic and lipophobic. B) hydrophilic and lipophobic. C) hydrophobic and lipophilic. D) hydrophilic and lipophilic.

: B Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) For the following questions, match the type of modulator with the best description below. A. involved in phosphorylation B. cannot be displaced by competition C. bind to proteins away from the active site D. reversible antagonist 70) irreversible antagonist

: B Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 37) Which of the following is a common feature of soluble proteins? A) structural support B) noncovalent interaction C) receptor binding D) chemical modulation E) All of the answers are correct.

: B Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match the descriptions to the correct protein category. A. fibrous B. globular 65) soluble in water

: B Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 64) the spatial arrangement of amino acids; can be a helix or a pleated sheet

: B Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 67) disulfide bond

: B Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 68) lipid carriers

: B Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match the membrane protein with its function. A. transfer signals from the extracellular environment to the cytoplasm of the cell B. form cell-to-cell connections C. bind to molecules to facilitate entry to or exit from the cell D. ligands bind to these proteins and are changed by the protein 27) structural proteins

: B Section Title: Protein-Mediated Transport Learning Outcome: 5.7

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 5) Why do some normal cells fail to respond to a chemical signal? A) Chemical signals are only delivered to specific cells. B) Some cells lack the necessary receptors. C) Some cells are completely without receptors. D) Some cells are completely without ligands. E) Signal chemicals often break down before reaching a distant target.

: B Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 11) When adenylyl cyclase is activated, A) calcium ions are released from intracellular stores. B) cAMP is formed. C) cAMP is broken down. D) protein kinases are metabolized. E) steroids are produced.

: B Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 17) The resting membrane potential in a typical nerve cell is approximately A) +70 mV. B) -70 mV. C) +35 mV. D) -35 mV. E) 0 mV.

: B Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 21) The ion that plays a key role in initiating electrical signals in neurons is A) K+. B) Na+. C) Cl-. D) Ca2+.

: B Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 51) Cl- enters the cell

: B Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 18) Compared to the outside surface, the inside of a resting cell membrane is A) positively charged. B) negatively charged. C) electrically neutral. D) continuously reversing its electrical charge. E) positively charged whenever the sodium-potassium pump is active.

: B Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 45) to -90 mV from resting potential

: B Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 63) The term meaning programmed cell death is A) necrosis. B) apoptosis. C) oncogenesis. D) diuresis. E) cytocide.

: B Section Title: Tissue Remodeling Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 122) Only totipotent stem cells are capable of producing new cells in an adult. A) True B) False

: B Section Title: Tissue Remodeling Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 57) The simple squamous epithelial lining of blood vessels is called A) basolateral epithelium. B) endothelium. C) luteal cells. D) the vasa recta. E) None of the answers are correct.

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 70) It modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell.

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 72) contributes to the blood-brain barrier

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 42) Movement of material between cells is known as the ________ pathway. A) transcellular B) paracellular C) metacellular D) transendothelial E) cisendothelial

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 79) osteoclast

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 114) A layer of glycoproteins and a network of fine protein filaments that prevents the movement of proteins and other large molecules from the connective tissue to epithelium describes A) interfacial canals. B) the basal lamina. C) the reticular lamina. D) areolar tissue. E) endothelium.

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 129) This tissue actively and selectively regulates the exchange of nongaseous material, such as ions and nutrients, and can be regulated in response to various stimuli.

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.8

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) On the row of cells indicated below, match A-E to the terms in the following question(s). Figure 3.1 133) apical surface

: B Section Title: Tissues of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 8) What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body? A) intracellular and plasma B) plasma and interstitial C) interstitial and intracellular D) plasma and the fluid portion of the blood E) None of the answers are correct.

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match the transport process to its description. A. active transport B. passive transport 31) the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 38) conform(s) to the properties of specificity, competition, and saturation

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 34) tends to create an equilibrium state

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 37) a form of mediated transport

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 71) A cell membrane that is selectively permeable A) randomly chooses which substances will pass through. B) can change which substances pass through by changing its lipid and protein content. C) is impermeable to all substances but water. D) will only allow substances in or out if their concentration in the cell is above or below a certain point.

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match the type of transport with its description. A. secretion B. paracellular transport C. transcellular transport D. absorption 39) between adjacent cells

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 7) The term cellular (metabolic) energy indicates any biological process requiring A) energy in any form. B) ATP. C) thermal energy. D) chemical energy. E) thermal energy and chemical energy.

: B Section Title: Transport Processes Learning Outcome: 5.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 6) Activation energy is A) the energy lost or gained in a reaction. B) the energy required for an endergonic reaction. C) the energy required to bring molecules into a position where they can interact. D) required to convert an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

: C Section Title: Chemical Reactions Learning Outcome: 4.1

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 77) Which property of diffusion best helps explain the necessity of the circulatory system in multicellular organisms? A) Molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. B) Diffusion can take place in an open system or across a partition that separates two systems. C) Diffusion is rapid over short distances but much slower over long distances. D) Diffusion rate is inversely related to molecule size.

: C Section Title: Diffusion Learning Outcome: 5.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 60) H2CO3

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 11) Organic molecules that act as receptors/carriers for the cleaved portion of the substrate are A) vitamins. B) isoenzymes. C) coenzymes. D) modulators.

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 12) The activity of an enzyme is changed by environmental factors such as temperature or pH; these factors are referred to as A) specificity. B) common bond. C) modulators. D) isozyme. E) product.

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 96) Enzymes are often useful as diagnostic tools. How? A) Enzymes destroy pathogenic bacteria so blood levels of bacteria decline. B) Enzymes destroy damaged cells so X-rays reveal smaller body organs. C) Damaged cells release enzymes into the blood that can be detected. D) The liver releases enzymes that accumulate in the urine.

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 98) Changes in environmental pH or temperature will cause the reaction rate for an enzyme to A) increase. B) decrease. C) either increase or decrease depending upon enzyme properties. D) not change.

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 18) An enzyme that transfers chemical groups among substrates is a A) hydrolase. B) lipase. C) transferase. D) ligase. E) kinase.

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 55) kinase

: C Section Title: Enzymes Learning Outcome: 4.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 4) The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellular fluid. D) cytoplasm. E) plasma.

: C Section Title: Functional Compartments of the Body Learning Outcome: 3.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 17) An integrating center A) is the disturbance or change that sets the pathway in motion. B) is an electrical and/or chemical signal that travels to the effector. C) evaluates incoming signals and compares it with the setpoint. D) is the minimum stimulus that must be achieved to set the reflect response in motion.

: C Section Title: Homeostatic Reflex Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 20) receives information about the regulated variable and initiates a response

: C Section Title: Homeostatic Reflex Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.8

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 59) Each of the following is an example of homeostasis except one. Identify the exception. A) Increased pressure in the aorta triggers mechanisms to lower blood pressure. B) A rise in blood calcium levels triggers the release of a hormone that lowers blood calcium levels. C) A rise in estrogen during the menstrual cycle increases the number of progesterone receptors in the uterus. D) Increased blood sugar stimulates the release of a hormone from the pancreas that stimulates the liver to store blood sugar. E) A decrease in body temperature triggers a neural response that initiates physiological changes to increase body temperature.

: C Section Title: Homeostatic Reflex Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 20) Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective A) mitochondria. B) Golgi bodies. C) lysosomes. D) rough endoplasmic reticulum. E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 27) Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? A) fatty acids B) steroids C) proteins D) lipids E) All are synthesized in the SER.

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 31) If a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to A) synthesize lipids. B) produce enzymes. C) digest cellular wastes and bacteria. D) destroy H2O2. E) transport water-soluble molecules.

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 32) Which substance is responsible for activating the digestive enzymes inside lysosomes? A) air B) water C) acid D) enzymes E) base

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 12) An immunoliposome is a liposome that A) suppresses the immune system. B) stimulates the immune system. C) can recognize cancer cells. D) None of the answers are correct.

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 106) A flagellum moves a cell through a fluid medium. What moves the fluid medium across the surface of cells that are not free to move? A) centrioles B) thick filaments C) cilia D) ribosomes E) endoplasmic reticulum

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 40) Which cellular organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) mitochondria D) nucleus E) ribosome

: C Section Title: Intracellular Compartments Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 24) When an enzyme is working as fast as it can because its active site is continually refilled with substrate, the condition is referred to as A) allosteric modulation. B) equilibrium. C) saturation. D) the Ricardo-Mertz phenomenon. E) specificity.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 30) The reactions of glycolysis occur in the cell's ________; the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in the ________. A) cytoplasm, cytoplasm B) mitochondria, mitochondria C) cytoplasm, mitochondria D) mitochondria, cytoplasm

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 33) For each NADH molecule that moves through the electron transport system, what is the potential yield of ATP molecules? A) 1 B) 2 C) 2.5 D) 3.5 E) 4

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 104) Inside the matrix of the mitochondria, pyruvate A) is converted to acetyl CoA which requires energy from an NADH. B) gains a carbon in its conversion to acetyl CoA. C) requires the vitamin pantothenic acid for its conversion to acetyl CoA. D) is converted to lactate under anaerobic conditions.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 103) The net energy yield for the anaerobic metabolism of one glucose molecule is A) 2 ATP and 2 NADH. B) 0 ATP and 2 NADH. C) 2 ATP and 0 NADH. D) 2 ATP and 2 FADH2. E) 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.4

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 108) What happens to the oxygen that is metabolized within the mitochondria? A) The oxygen is converted to CO2. B) The oxygen is incorporated into organic molecules during cellular metabolism. C) The oxygen is combined with hydrogen to form water. D) The oxygen acts as a coenzyme in the production of ATP. E) The oxygen is converted to CO2 and is combined with hydrogen to form water.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.5

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 106) Oxidative phosphorylation occurs ________; the beneficial end product is ________. A) in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, H2O B) in the cytoplasm just inside the plasma membrane, ATP C) in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, ATP D) in the mitochondria due to the electron transport system, CO2 E) twice during the citric acid cycle, ATP

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 46) To activate a regulated gene, the formation of mRNA is ________ by the binding of ________ to the promoter. A) repressed, transcription factors B) repressed, translation factors C) induced, transcription factors D) induced, translation factors

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 43) Information stored in the nucleus is translated into A) carbohydrates. B) lipids. C) proteins. D) phospholipids. E) None of the answers are correct.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 111) Transcription of the DNA triplet sequence CAT will bind to the tRNA bearing A) CAT. B) GTA. C) GUA. D) ATU.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 109) What is the result of alternative splicing of mRNA? A) A new gene is produced. B) The DNA is replicated. C) Isoenzymes are produced from a single gene. D) Genes are mutated. E) Proteins isomerize.

: C Section Title: Metabolism Learning Outcome: 4.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 42) This particle has a charge of -1 and a negligible mass.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 59) Composed of units called amino acids, these can be linked into chains over 100 peptides long.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 9) Which of the following is NOT considered an essential element for a living organism? A) carbon B) hydrogen C) mercury D) oxygen E) nitrogen

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) Match the symbol with the correct element: A. P B. Na C. Ca D. C E. K F. Pb 44) calcium

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 109) Most of the fat found in the human body is in the form of A) steroids. B) phospholipids. C) triglycerides. D) prostaglandins. E) monoglycerides.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 108) A fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be A) saturated. B) monounsaturated. C) polyunsaturated. D) hydrogenated. E) carboxylated.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 17) The chemical bonding behavior of an atom is directly determined by A) the number of protons. B) the number of neutrons. C) the number and arrangement of electrons. D) the size of the atom. E) the mass of the atom.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.2

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 54) These are weak attractive forces between hydrogen and certain other atoms.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.3

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 101) The term polar is used to describe molecules because A) polar covalent molecules are found in colder climates. B) polar covalent molecules were first discovered in polar bears. C) there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding electron position and the resulting charge. D) there are at least two distinct ends of the molecule regarding hydrogen placement. E) such molecules are always linear in shape.

: C Section Title: Molecules and Bonds Learning Outcome: 2.3

: Level IV: Quantitative Problems (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 142) How many grams of NaCl, m.w. 58.5 daltons, are the molar equivalent to 90 g of glucose (m.w. 180 daltons)? A) 0.25 B) 0.5 C) 29.25 D) 117 E) 14.6

: C Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level IV: Quantitative Problems (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 140) A 5 M solution of 100 mL of glucose contains how many grams of glucose, m.w. 180 daltons? A) 180 B) 360 C) 90 D) 6.02 × 1023 E) 1.0

: C Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level IV: Quantitative Problems (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 143) How many grams of NaCl, m.w. 58.5 daltons, are necessary to make 1 liter of 5% saline? A) 58.5 B) 1 C) 50 D) 6.02 × 1023 E) 2.9

: C Section Title: Noncovalent Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 66) The heaviest organ in the body is the A) liver. B) brain. C) skin. D) stomach. E) urinary bladder.

: C Section Title: Organs Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 75) Sodium ions are more concentrated in the extracellular fluid than in the intracellular fluid. This is an example of A) electrical disequilibrium. B) osmotic equilibrium. C) chemical disequilibrium. D) failed homeostasis.

: C Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.1

Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach, 6e (Silverthorn) Chapter 5 Membrane Dynamics 1) Which body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, large anions, and proteins? A) plasma only B) interstitial fluid only C) intracellular fluid only D) both plasma and intracellular fluid E) both plasma and interstitial fluid

: C Section Title: Osmosis and Tonicity Learning Outcome: 5.1

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 73) allosteric modulator

: C Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.10

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 63) the three-dimensional shape of an amino acid chain; can be fibrous or globular

: C Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.8

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 36) Protein specificity is A) the activation of a specific protein that is needed to perform a particular function. B) the degree to which a protein is attracted to a ligand. C) the ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands. D) the degree to which a protein-ligand complex initiates a response. E) the degree to which a protein is attracted to a ligand and the ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands.

: C Section Title: Protein Interactions Learning Outcome: 2.9

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 65) Which of the following is a unique characteristic of glucose as a solute in biological systems? A) It enters the interstitial fluid before going into the cell. B) It is freely penetrating and can pass in and out of the cells at any time. C) 100% of it is absorbed into the cell from the extracellular fluid. D) It is converted into dextrose inside the cell.

: C Section Title: Protein-Mediated Transport Learning Outcome: 5.5

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 30) transporters

: C Section Title: Protein-Mediated Transport Learning Outcome: 5.7

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 54) When calcium becomes available inside a cell, it comes from A) extracellular fluid only. B) intracellular storage only. C) extracellular fluid and intracellular storage. D) It is always available as a major cytosol cation.

: C Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.3

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 53) An ion widely important in intracellular signaling is A) sodium. B) potassium. C) calcium. D) chloride. E) cobalt.

: C Section Title: Signal Pathways Learning Outcome: 6.3

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 15) Which of the following statements about the resting membrane potential is TRUE? A) It is normally equal to zero volts. B) The inside of the membrane is positively charged compared to the outside. C) It results, in part, from the concentration gradients for Na+ and K+. D) It is due in part to the presence of extracellular proteins.

: C Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 52) membrane potential is 0 mV

: C Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 16) Voltage-gated (voltage-dependent) channels and antiport carriers are both types of A) structural proteins. B) enzymes. C) transporters. D) receptors.

: C Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 20) As the charge on the membrane of a typical neuron approaches 0 from -70 mV, the cell is A) only repolarizing. B) only hyperpolarizing. C) only depolarizing. D) only becoming more difficult to stimulate. E) hyperpolarizing and becoming more difficult to stimulate

: C Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 22) Which of the following is NOT involved in creating the resting potential of a neuron? A) diffusion of potassium ions out of the cell B) diffusion of sodium ions into the cell C) resting membrane permeability for sodium ions greater than potassium ions D) resting membrane permeability for potassium ions greater than sodium ions

: C Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge) 46) to +30 mV from resting potential

: C Section Title: The Resting Membrane Potential Learning Outcome: 5.11

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Application) 74) their loss is characteristic of cancer

: C Section Title: Tissue Remodeling Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level II: Reviewing Concepts (Bloom's Taxonomy: Analysis) 121) Neurons in the CNS of the adult don't contain centrioles. What does that tell you about CNS neurons? A) They don't produce any products. B) It doesn't tell you much of anything. C) They don't replicate themselves. D) They don't carry nerve impulses.

: C Section Title: Tissue Remodeling Learning Outcome: 3.6

: Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension) 48) Each of the following is a primary tissue type except one. Identify the exception. A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue