Chapter 6: Civil Rights

Sort the approaches taken by Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois. - Booker T. Washington - W.E.B. Du Bois Approaches: - Voting rights necessary for economic and social progress - Economic rights prioritized over voting rights

- Booker T. Washington --> Economic rights prioritized over voting rights - W.E.B. Du Bois --> Voting rights necessary for economic and social progress

What are the differences between civil rights and civil liberties? Term: - Civil Liberties - Civil Rights Definition: - Protects individuals from discrimination by private and public (governmental) actors - Protects individuals from abuse of power by governments

- Civil Liberties --> Protects individuals from abuse of power by governments - Civil Rights --> Protects individuals from discrimination by private and public (governmental) actors

Match the method of disenfranchisement with its description. Method of Disenfranchisement: - Poll tax - Literacy test - White Primary Description: - Restrictions on nominating candidates - Must demonstrate "sufficient" knowledge to vote - Must pay to register to vote

- Poll tax --> Must pay to register to vote - Literacy test --> Must demonstrate "sufficient" knowledge to vote - White Primary --> Restrictions on nominating candidates

Identify the current legal status of each discriminatory law or practice. - Prohibiting same-sex marriage and the associated government guaranteed spousal rights and benefits - Prohibiting same-sex marriage and the associated government guaranteed spousal rights and benefits - Prohibiting openly LGTBQ+ from serving in the military - Landlords; house sellers; and private lenders discriminate against LGBTQ+ persons in access to housing and mortgages - Public and private employers deny employment based on sexual orientation or gender identity - Outlawed in many states and municipalities by statute. Now illegal nationally under federal law due to 2020 Supreme Court decision in Bostock v. Clayton County 590 U.S. ___ (2020) - Ended via an executive order issued by President Barack Obama in 2011 - Newly protected from discrimination by a 2020 Supreme Court ruling; previously illegal in 23 states and Washington D.C. - Ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) - Ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

- Prohibiting same-sex marriage and the associated government guaranteed spousal rights and benefits --> Ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) - Prohibiting same-sex marriage and the associated government guaranteed spousal rights and benefits --> Ruled unconstitutional in Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) - Prohibiting openly LGTBQ+ from serving in the military --> Ended via an executive order issued by President Barack Obama in 2011 - Landlords; house sellers; and private lenders discriminate against LGBTQ+ persons in access to housing and mortgages ---> Newly protected from discrimination by a 2020 Supreme Court ruling; previously illegal in 23 states and Washington D.C. - Public and private employers deny employment based on sexual orientation or gender identity --> Outlawed in many states and municipalities by statute. Now illegal nationally under federal law due to 2020 Supreme Court decision in Bostock v. Clayton County 590 U.S. ___ (2020)

Classify which entities are responsible for public vs. private discrimination. Term: - Public - Private Entities: - Individuals & Businesses - Government

- Public --> Government - Private --> Individuals & Businesses

Sort the characteristics of the three standards of review used by the Supreme Court in analyzing civil rights cases. Term: - Strict scrutiny - Intermediate scrutiny - Rational basis Characteristics: - Law is constitutional unless shown it is not rationally related to a legitimate government interest - Law presumed unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to advance compelling government interest - Law presumed unconstitutional unless it is substantially related to promotion of important government interest

- Strict scrutiny --> Law presumed unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to advance compelling government interest - Intermediate scrutiny --> Law presumed unconstitutional unless it is substantially related to promotion of important government interest - Rational basis --> Law is constitutional unless shown it is not rationally related to a legitimate government interest

What legal standard for sexual harassment lawsuits did the Supreme Court establish in a 1993 ruling? a. "Reasonable person" would perceive work environment as being "hostile or abusive" b. Victim/plaintiff must show "severe psychological injury" c. Employer/defendant cannot call character witnesses d. Companies must implement sexual harassment policies and training e. Sex became suspect class and subject to strict scrutiny judicial analysis

Correct Answer: a. "Reasonable person" would perceive work environment as being "hostile or abusive"

What did Joel conclude about the article as a source of information on energy independence? a. The article was not a strong source of information because it was made by an energy company b. The article was a strong source of information because it was a "paid program" c. The article was not a strong source of information because it included too many graphics d. The article was a strong source of information because it appeared in a reputable newspaper

Correct Answer: a. The article was not a strong source of information because it was made by an energy company Explanation A is correct. Joel concluded that it would not be a strong source for learning about energy independence because it was made by an energy company. In essence, this is an advertisement that aims to sway readers into believing information that is favorable to the company's interests. B. "Paid program" means that the company paid to put their own content in the newspaper. In essence, this is an advertisement that aims to sway readers into believing information that is favorable to the company's interests. C. The number of graphics is not a strong indicator of trustworthiness. D. Although the "article" appeared in a reputable newspaper, Joel concluded that it would not be a strong source for learning about energy independence because it was made by an energy company.

he Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created as a result of __ of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. a. Title II b. Title IV c. Title VI d. Title VII

Correct Answer: a. Title II

Radical Reconstruction was a short-lived __ program implemented when Republicans controlled both chambers of Congress. a. emancipatory b. unconstititutional c. judicial d. white supremacist

Correct Answer: a. emancipatory

As opposed to the Congress of Racial Equality, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) was founded and headquartered in __. a. the South b. Washington, D.C. c. California d. the West Coast

Correct Answer: a. the South

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 had __ major titles, and each made significant contributions to civil rights in the United States. a. three b. five c. eight d. eleven

Correct Answer: a. three

How many Americans lost their lives through participation in the struggle for civil rights? a. 18 b. 41 c. 93 d. 216

Correct Answer: b. 41

Which of the following best describes RT? a. An academic journal that publishes news articles on its findings b. A state-controlled news site c. An extreme left-wing news site d. A propaganda outlet for American oil companies

Correct Answer: b. A state-controlled news site Explanation B is correct. Lateral reading revealed that RT is a news site controlled by the Russian government and that Russia uses it to disseminate propaganda favorable to its interests.

Which of the following would be an example of native advertising? a. A pop-up ad that appears when you open a news site b. An online newspaper ad that looks like an article c. A banner ad across the top of a website d. All of the above are examples or native advertising https://youtu.be/wuYomWGUs2k

Correct Answer: b. An online newspaper ad that looks like an article Explanation B is correct. Native advertisements are designed to blend into the content of a website by matching its look and feel. Native advertisements on online news sites often look like news articles. Readers who aren't aware of native advertisements can easily be fooled into thinking that the ad meets the same editorial standards as an article in the newspaper.A. Native advertisements are designed to blend into the content of a website by matching its look and feel. Pop-up ads pull attention away from the site rather than mimic its content.C. Native advertisements are designed to blend into the content of a website by matching its look and feel. A banner ad is designed to be distinct from the content of a site.D. Native advertisements are designed to blend into the content of a website by matching its look and feel. An online newspaper ad that looks like an article would be an example native advertising, but a pop-up ad or a banner ad would not be native advertisements because they are designed to be distinct from the content of the site.

According to the preclearance requirement, what did states and counties with a history of voter suppression have to get permission from the federal government to do? a. Amend state constitution b. Change voting laws or procedures c. Schedule elections d. Offer reparations e. Prosecute African Americans

Correct Answer: b. Change voting laws or procedures

What was the impact of the 1996 Supreme Court ruling on Virginia Military Institute's (VMI) admission policies? a. Court accepted VMI's "special character" argument, given the school's historical value and traditions b. Court rejected VMI's "special character" argument as not an "exceedingly persuasive justification" c. Court ruled against VMI's systematic rejection of candidates based on religion (or lack of religion) d. Court ruled in favor of VMI's affirmative action program for candidates based on "suspect classes"

Correct Answer: b. Court rejected VMI's "special character" argument as not an "exceedingly persuasive justification"

Which of the following is the most important civil rights provision in the U.S. Constitution? a. State Action Doctrine b. Equal Protection Clause of Fourteenth Amendment c. Progressive Amendments d. Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment e. Title IX of the Preamble

Correct Answer: b. Equal Protection Clause of Fourteenth Amendment

Both the BBC and RT receive funding from the government in their home countries. RT receives funding from Russia, and the BBC receives funding from the British government. What is the crucial difference between RT and the BBC? a. RT receives much more funding from Russia than the BBC does from Britain b. RT's content is controlled by the government, and the BBC's is not c. RT.com allows advertising, and the BBC.com does not d. RT is a new organization, and the BBC has a much longer history

Correct Answer: b. RT's content is controlled by the government, and the BBC's is not Explanation B is correct. Russia controls RT's content, using it as a propaganda outlet. The BBC receives financial support from the British government, which allows the BBC to be less reliant on revenue from advertisers. However, the BBC is an independent news organization, and the British government is not allowed to directly influence what it reports.A. The amount of financial support is much less important than the control the Russian government exerts over the news reported by the organization. Russia controls RT's content, using it as a propaganda outlet. The BBC is an independent news organization, and the British government is not allowed to directly influence what it reports.C. Both websites allow advertisements, but advertising is a less important consideration than the control the Russian government exerts over the news reported by the organization. D. How long an organization has been reporting news is a much less important consideration than the control the Russian government exerts over the news reported by the organization.

What is the legally-mandated separation of races throughout society called? a. Separation of Power b. Segregation c. Judicial Review d. Slander

Correct Answer: b. Segregation

What was the impact of the state action doctrine in the Civil Rights Cases? a. The Supreme Court overturned the use of the state action doctrine after 50 years of use b. The Supreme Court ruled that a government ban on private discrimination is unconstitutional c. Congress has the constitutional right to ban private discrimination, as elected representatives of their states d. The Supreme Court ruled the Jim Crow system of disenfranchisement unconstitutional

Correct Answer: b. The Supreme Court ruled that a government ban on private discrimination is unconstitutional

Why was the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) founded? a. To receive university credit for participation in political advocacy b. To allow student activists to chart their own course independently from Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) leaders c. To perform university outreach and recruitment for the Nation of Islam d. To create a mentorship program under the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Correct Answer: b. To allow student activists to chart their own course independently from Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) leaders

Organized white terrorist groups also formed to force and intimidate African Americans into accepting a(n) __ role in society. a. invisible b. subordinate c. flexible d. equal

Correct Answer: b. subordinate

What is affirmative action? a. Federal law that prohibits discrimination based on race, color, national origin, and religion in areas like education and employment b. Campaign launched by the Pittsburgh Courier that sought to galvanize African Americans to civil disobedience c. Programs by employers or schools aimed at favoring groups with a history of facing discrimination d. Legal rights that aim at eliminating and/or remedying various forms of unequal treatment in American society

Correct Answer: c. Programs by employers or schools aimed at favoring groups with a history of facing discrimination

Which of the following best reflects Joel's conclusion about the trustworthiness of the RT article? a. The article is trustworthy because RT is knowledgeable on the topic b. The article is trustworthy because it includes a lot of specific information on the topic c. The article is untrustworthy because RT has a reason to lie about the topic d. The article is untrustworthy because it appears on a .com website

Correct Answer: c. The article is untrustworthy because RT has a reason to lie about the topic Explanation C is correct. Joel concluded that RT was not trustworthy because it is controlled by the Russian government and the Russian government has a reason to mislead readers about the war in Ukraine.The quantity of information in an article is not a strong indicator of its trustworthiness.The top-level domain (.com) is not a reliable indicator of a website's trustworthiness.

In 1909, a coalition of white and Black intellectuals and activists joined __ in New York City to found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). a. Martin Luther King, Sr. b. Booker T. Washington c. W.E.B. Du Bois d. Frederick Douglass

Correct Answer: c. W.E.B. Du Bois

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) resulted in a 9-0 ruling that __ the doctrine of separate but equal. a. reinforced b. established c. overturned d. weakened

Correct Answer: c. overturned

Circular No. 3591, which was issued by Attorney General Francis Biddle, ordered the Department of Justice to aggressively prosecute __cases. a. Jim Crow b. sharecropping c. peonage d. civil rights

Correct Answer: c. peonage

What was the major contribution of the Freedman's Bureau with the longest-term impact? a. Ending the systems of convict-leasing, sharecropping, and peonage b. Using nonviolent direct action in all interactions with white supremacy c. Dismantling voter suppression via poll taxes and literacy tests d. Creation of schools for African Americans throughout the South

Correct Answer: d. Creation of schools for African Americans throughout the South

What was the Supreme Court's most recent decision regarding women registering for the draft? a. Ruled in 2015 that all combat jobs would be open to women, but only through voluntary registration b. Justice Sotomayor, for the majority, announced in summer 2020 that women will be added to the draft following the 2020 Census c. Ruled against Congressional amendment adding women to the draft after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks d. Justice Rehnquist said in 1981 that men and women are "not similarly situated for purposes of a draft or registration for it"

Correct Answer: d. Justice Rehnquist said in 1981 that men and women are "not similarly situated for purposes of a draft or registration for it"

What does the state action doctrine suggest? a. The U.S. Constitution does not ban public discrimination b. Only state legislatures can ban private discrimination c. State laws are presumed constitutional and must be proven otherwise d. The U.S. Constitution does not ban private discrimination e. The Supreme Court must apply strict scrutiny to civil rights cases

Correct Answer: d. The U.S. Constitution does not ban private discrimination

State and local governments have __ authority to enact laws banning private discrimination. a. limited b. no c. absolute d. broad

Correct Answer: d. broad

What doctrine was introduced in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)? a. Jim Crow b. Affirmative Action c. White Primary d. State Action e. Separate but Equal

Correct Answer: e. Separate but Equal

How is rational basis applied by the U.S. Supreme Court? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Applies to civil rights related to age; economic status; and disability b. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless substantially related to an important government interest c. Laws are presumed constitutional unless not rationally related to a legitimate government interest d. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to a compelling government interest e. Applies only to civil rights related to suspect classes f. Applies to civil rights related to sex; sexual orientation; and gender identity

Correct Answers: a. Applies to civil rights related to age; economic status; and disability c. Laws are presumed constitutional unless not rationally related to a legitimate government interest

What were some key accomplishments the Voting Rights Act of 1965? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Banning literacy tests and other devices intended to suppressvoting b. Granting women the right to vote and run for public office c. Creating the pre-clearance requirement d. Dismantling the peonage and convict-leasing systems e. Reinforcing the Jim Crow system of voter registration

Correct Answers: a. Banning literacy tests and other devices intended to suppressvoting c. Creating the pre-clearance requirement

What are the key beliefs of the Nation of Islam? (SELECT ALL CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Black people are genetically superior to whites b. Black nationalism c. Jihad is required to achieve full rights d. Separation of races e. Struggles in the Black community are a collective moral failure f. Integration should be legally mandated

Correct Answers: a. Black people are genetically superior to whites b. Black nationalism d. Separation of races

What was the impact of Asian labor in the United States? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Drove down wages b. Took high-level technical jobs from American workers c. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 d. Built transcontinental railroads e. Raised the cost of living

Correct Answers: a. Drove down wages c. Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 d. Built transcontinental railroads

What was the combined impact of peonage and convict-leasing on the African American population? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Enslaved 800000 people between 1870 and 1945 b. Offered pathway to the middle class for underprivileged citizens c. Over 4000 people killed between 1877 and 1950 d. Increased intergenerational wealth transfer e. Forced African Americans to remain exploited second-class citizens

Correct Answers: a. Enslaved 800000 people between 1870 and 1945 e. Forced African Americans to remain exploited second-class citizens

Which laws affect legal equality between the sexes? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Equal Pay Act of 1963 b. Reconstruction Amendments c. Voting Rights Act of 1965 d. 1972 amendments to Civil Rights Act of 1964 e. Title IX of the Federal Education Act of 1972

Correct Answers: a. Equal Pay Act of 1963 d. 1972 amendments to Civil Rights Act of 1964 e. Title IX of the Federal Education Act of 1972

What role did the criminal justice system play in the Jim Crow South? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Excluded African Americans from juries; judgeships; and the legal profession b. Federal government imposed martial law in areas with a history of voter suppression c. Prosecuted and convicted employers using forced labor contracts d. Allowed whites to inflict violence on African Americans with no fear of legal consequence e. Protected and defended the federal constitutional rights of African Americans

Correct Answers: a. Excluded African Americans from juries; judgeships; and the legal profession d. Allowed whites to inflict violence on African Americans with no fear of legal consequence

What is patriarchy, in the context of women's rights? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Ideas structures and institutions that can be traced back for thousands of years around the world b. A political-religious structure first implemented by the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages c. Laws restricting individual rights based on paternity and male bloodlines d. A social order in which men are predominant in statusauthority and power e. A part of Sharia Law and Biblical tradition that requires women to be virtuous subservient and subordinate to men

Correct Answers: a. Ideas structures and institutions that can be traced back for thousands of years around the world d. A social order in which men are predominant in statusauthority and power

What happened to Japanese Americans in the aftermath of the attack on Pearl Harbor? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps b. Congress passed the Japanese Exclusion Act on national security grounds c. Supreme Court supported government's policy that resulted in serious civil rights abuses d. Japanese Americans were conscripted into military service e. Japanese Americans were forcibly deported and had their American citizenship stripped

Correct Answers: a. Japanese Americans were forced into internment camps c. Supreme Court supported government's policy that resulted in serious civil rights abuses

How is strict scrutiny applied by the U.S. Supreme Court? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to a compelling government interest b. Applies to civil rights related to age; economic status; and disability c. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless substantially related to an important government interest d. Laws are presumed constitutional unless not rationally related to a legitimate government interest e. Applies only to civil rights related to suspect classes f. Applies to civil rights related to sex; sexual orientation; and gender identity

Correct Answers: a. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to a compelling government interest e. Applies only to civil rights related to suspect classes

How is intermediate scrutiny applied by the U.S. Supreme Court? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless substantially related to an important government interest b. Applies to civil rights related to age; economic status; and disability c. Laws are presumed constitutional unless not rationally related to a legitimate government interest d. Applies only to civil rights related to suspect classes e. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless narrowly tailored to a compelling government interest f. Applies to civil rights related to sex; but not sexual orientation or gender identity

Correct Answers: a. Laws are presumed unconstitutional unless substantially related to an important government interest f. Applies to civil rights related to sex; but not sexual orientation or gender identity

What impact did the American Indian Movement (AIM) have throughout the 1960s and 70s? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Led to the passage of American Indian Self-Determination andEducational Assistance Act in 1975 b. Led to a federal standoff in Waco Texas in which dozens of men women and children died c. Resulted in millions of acres of land being returned to the Oglala Nation in South Dakota d. Culminated in the Wounded Knee incident of 1973 e. Culminated in the massacre of Ghost Dancers in South Dakota

Correct Answers: a. Led to the passage of American Indian Self-Determination andEducational Assistance Act in 1975 d. Culminated in the Wounded Knee incident of 1973

What is the Fair Housing Act of 1968? a. Legislation enacted after the assassination of Martin LutherKing Jr. b. Legislation prohibiting discrimination in the sale; rental; financing; and advertising of housing based on marital or economic status c. Legislation prohibiting federal housing regulations that favor racial minorities d. Legislation that was a flashpoint for race riots that resulted in the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr e. Legislation prohibiting discrimination in the sale; rental; financing; and advertising of housing based on race; religion; and national origin

Correct Answers: a. Legislation enacted after the assassination of Martin LutherKing Jr. e. Legislation prohibiting discrimination in the sale; rental; financing; and advertising of housing based on race; religion; and national origin

What types of laws and policies have historically discriminated against women in the United States? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Little to no protection from domestic violence or rape byHusband b. No custody of children granted in divorce c. Forced birth control for all women under 20 d. Coverture marriage law e. "Birth tax" charges for having more than three children f. Denial of access to professions and degrees

Correct Answers: a. Little to no protection from domestic violence or rape byHusband b. No custody of children granted in divorce d. Coverture marriage law f. Denial of access to professions and degrees

Which of the following are suspect classes? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES APPLY) a. National origin b. Sex and gender identity c. Ethnicity d. Age e. Economic status· f. Religion g. Race and skin color

Correct Answers: a. National origin c. Ethnicity f. Religion g. Race and skin color

What was the impact of the United Farm Workers of America (UFW)? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Organized strikes for better working conditions b. Led the California grape strike from 1965-1970 c. Creation of schools for Spanish-speaking Americans d. Streamlined citizenship process for documented workers e. Bolstered political movements in other civil rights areas f. Decriminalization of immigration for work in agriculture

Correct Answers: a. Organized strikes for better working conditions b. Led the California grape strike from 1965-1970 e. Bolstered political movements in other civil rights areas

What were some of the drivers of white supremacy in the South? (SELECT ALL ANSWERS THAT APPLY) a. Pain of military defeat b. Race riots led by newly freed African Americans c. Perceived economic threats to working class whites d. Criminal prosecution of former slave owners e. Perceived threats to social status and identity of whites f. Increased rates of violent crime

Correct Answers: a. Pain of military defeat c. Perceived economic threats to working class whites e. Perceived threats to social status and identity of whites

Since 2010, how have the administrative and legislative branches responded to deportation of illegal immigrants? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Presidents Obama and Trump have engaged in large-scale deportations and separating children from their families b. President Trump began unprecedented large-scale deportations and family separations c. Congress has tightened restrictions on immigration admissions as well as the conditions for seeking asylum d. Congress has attempted to provide a pathway to citizenship for children brought here illegally via the DREAM Act

Correct Answers: a. Presidents Obama and Trump have engaged in large-scale deportations and separating children from their families d. Congress has attempted to provide a pathway to citizenship for children brought here illegally via the DREAM Act

What are the three standards of review used by the Supreme Court to analyze the constitutionality of civil rights laws? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Rational basis b. Plausible deniability c. Intermediate scrutiny d. Strict scrutiny e. The Lemon Test f. Dillon's Rule

Correct Answers: a. Rational basis c. Intermediate scrutiny d. Strict scrutiny

Indicate your level of agreement with this statement: "After doing these six Civic Online Reasoning modules, I feel more confident in my ability to tell the difference between trustworthy and untrustworthy online information sources." a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Correct Answers: a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Indicate your level of agreement with this statement: "Based on what I've learned from these six Civic Online Reasoning modules, I'm more careful about deciding which information to trust online."." a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Correct Answers: a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Indicate your level of agreement with this statement: "Civic Online Reasoning modules should continue to be a part of POLS 1101 in the future." a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Correct Answers: a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Indicate your level of agreement with this statement: "Six modules was too many." a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Correct Answers: a. Strongly Disagree b. Disagree c. Neither Disagree nor Agree d. Agree e. Strongly Agree

Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 bans discrimination in public accommodations. Which of the following is true about public accommodations? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. They are privately owned b. Restaurants are an example c. They are government entities d. Public schools are an example e. Motels are an example f. Government-owned buildings are an example

Correct Answers: a. They are privately owned b. Restaurants are an example e. Motels are an example

What are some ways African Americans were disenfranchised at the state level, despite the 15th Amendment? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. White Primaries b. Voter ID requirements c. Literacy tests d. Foreign-born restrictions e. Poll taxes f. Could not serve on juries

Correct Answers: a. White Primaries c. Literacy tests e. Poll taxes f. Could not serve on juries

What do you think, is this a strong source of information about the future of energy production? a. Yes, it's strong b. No, it's NOT strong https://partners.wsj.com/mitsui/business-innovation/powering-tomorrow/

Correct Answers: a. Yes, it's strong b. No, it's NOT strong

What do you think, is this a trustworthy source of information about President Biden's positions on Ukraine? a. Yes, it's trustworthy b. No, it's NOT trustworthy https://www.rt.com/news/558990-biden-russia-fail-ukraine/

Correct Answers: a. Yes, it's trustworthy b. No, it's NOT trustworthy

What were the goals of the Chicano Movement of the 1960s? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Removal of military bases in contested areas b. Civil rights for Mexican Americans c. Reparations for historic abuses d. Access to organized labor and voting rights e. Civil rights for citizens of U.S. territories f. End to discrimination and racism

Correct Answers: b. Civil rights for Mexican Americans d. Access to organized labor and voting rights f. End to discrimination and racism

What are some characteristics of peonage in the South? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. 9000 Black men killed as a result of forced labor in slavery conditions b. Made illegal in 1867 but practiced until 1940s c. Functioned using a loophole in the Thirteenth Amendment d. Prisoners were leased to private industrial companies e. Demeaning labor conditions using forced labor contracts f. Applied to one-third of farm workers on large plantations

Correct Answers: b. Made illegal in 1867 but practiced until 1940s e. Demeaning labor conditions using forced labor contracts f. Applied to one-third of farm workers on large plantations

According to Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, all public accommodations that engaged in interstate commerce were barred from discriminating against people based on which characteristics? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Economic Status b. National origin c. Age d. Religion e. Race or color f. Disability g. Sex

Correct Answers: b. National origin d. Religion e. Race or color

What were the central goals of the Democratic Party in the South after the Civil War? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. African American equality b. Perpetuating white supremacy c. Restoring slavery d. Voting rights for women e. Economic conservatism

Correct Answers: b. Perpetuating white supremacy c. Restoring slavery

Generally speaking, how are public and private discrimination currently made illegal? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Public discrimination is banned only via judicial review b. Private discrimination is banned only in legislative statutes c. Private and public discrimination is banned in constitutions d. Private discrimination is banned in constitutions and legislative statutes e. Public discrimination is banned in constitutions and legislative statutes

Correct Answers: b. Private discrimination is banned only in legislative statutes e. Public discrimination is banned in constitutions and legislative statutes

What are some documented effects of heteronormativity on LGBTQ+ people? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Discriminatory ideas about heterosexual cisgender people b. Social isolation and/or rejection by family or society c. Increase of heterosexual allies for the LGBTQ+ community d. Internalized homophobia leading to higher rates of depression and suicide e. Reversion to heterosexual or opposite-sex attraction

Correct Answers: b. Social isolation and/or rejection by family or society d. Internalized homophobia leading to higher rates of depression and suicide

What was the impact of the Reconstruction Amendments? (SELECT ALL ANSWERS THAT APPLY) a. Made white Americans subordinate to African Americans b. Transformed U.S. Constitution to a high degree c. Considered "sleeping giants" for future political moment d. Very effective in the short term but became obsolete rapidly e. Had an immediate transformative effect lasting the next 50 years

Correct Answers: b. Transformed U.S. Constitution to a high degree c. Considered "sleeping giants" for future political moment

What are some civil rights African Americans were deprived of as a result of black codes? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Right to free exercise of religion b. Vote and run for office c. Own or carry firearms d. Receive civil benefits from marriage e. Own; sell and lease property

Correct Answers: b. Vote and run for office c. Own or carry firearms e. Own; sell and lease property

What are some characteristics of the marriage law doctrine of coverture? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Women were not allowed to apply for a credit card in their own name b. Women sacrificed rights and legal existence to husband c. Ended via executive order by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918 d. Ruled unconstitutional via the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 e. Women could not own property; enter contracts or earn a salary in their own name f. Most aspects not outlawed in all states until 1900

Correct Answers: b. Women sacrificed rights and legal existence to husband e. Women could not own property; enter contracts or earn a salary in their own name f. Most aspects not outlawed in all states until 1900

What was the outcome of the Atlanta Race Riot of 1906? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Adoption of the Civil Rights Act b. Creation of the Atlanta Compromise c. Black businesses and homes were burned d. Burning of two police precincts by rioters e. 22-25 Black people killed more than 100 injured

Correct Answers: c. Black businesses and homes were burned e. 22-25 Black people killed more than 100 injured

What was the Atlanta Compromise? (SELECT ALL ANSWER CHOICES THAT APPLY) a. Treaty offered by Malcolm X to end street warfare in Atlanta after assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. b. A publication by W.E.B. Du Bois that argued against accommodationism and promoted violent pursuit of civil rights c. Offered to stop agitating for full rights and equality if African Americans were allowed opportunities for economic improvement d. Brainchild of Booker T. Washington to allow gradual integration of African Americans into society

Correct Answers: c. Offered to stop agitating for full rights and equality if African Americans were allowed opportunities for economic improvement d. Brainchild of Booker T. Washington to allow gradual integration of African Americans into society

What was the impact of white supremacist riots and massacres from 1898-1943? (SELECT ALL ANSWERS THAT APPLY) a. Establishment of historically-black colleges and universities b. Ratification of the Civil Rights Act c. Tens of millions of dollars in property damage d. Around 700 African Americans dead and thousands injured e. Migration of more than 12 million Black citizens out of the South

Correct Answers: c. Tens of millions of dollars in property damage d. Around 700 African Americans dead and thousands injured

Use this space to list the most important lessons you learned from the Civic Online Reasoning modules you did this semester. https://youtu.be/FPY1UVTg21w

It doesn't matter the design of the site or read it content carefully to know if it is trustworthy. We got to open a new tab and search for information about the source, which is lateral reading.

If you would like to offer more feedback / advice about these Civic Online Reasoning modules, please do so here. (This is purely optional)

It gives a lot of content information to know if a site could be trustworthy or untrustworthy.

Fill in the Blanks The legally-mandated separation of races throughout society is called blank1 - .

segregation