Chapter 6 History of R & R - What's That Sound?
songwriters from Stax Records
David Porter and Isaac Hayes
Motown Records was located in which city?
Detroit
Which member of the Supremes left the group in 1969 to focus on a solo career?
Diana Ross
What was the purpose of the Motown "charm school"?
Educate artists from lower income areas on how to behave and carry themselves in different social situations to achieve crossover success
How did James Brown act as a bandleader?
He picked the best musicians he could find, rehearsed a lot, and fined them for mistakes.
Who was Cholly Atkins?
He was a choreographer who taught artists onstage movements and dance steps.
The nickname for Motown Records was ________.
Hitsville, USA
The Supremes had a string of hit songs written and produced by ________.
Holland Dozier
Berry Gordy got his start in songwriting by creating material for
Jackie Wilson
music producer who worked with Atlantic and Stax Records
Jerry Wexler
Who were the cofounders of Stax Records?
Jim Stewart and Estelle Axton
Which singer performed lead vocals in the Four Tops?
Levi Stubbs
James Brown's career began when he stood in for which musician?
Little Richard
had hit duet songs with Tammi Terrell
Marvin Gaye
Otis Redding, supported by Booker T. & the MG's, performed at the ________ in the spring of 1967.
Monterey Pop Festival
Which of the following labels had their artists tour the UK with hopes of creating a "reverse invasion"?
Motown
Where was Fame Studios located?
Muscle Shoals
Which of the following labels did Columbia revive in the 1950s to explore new R&B markets?
Okeh
Which Stax artist died in a plane crash in 1967?
Otis Redding
Explain the concept of the "delayed backbeat."
Rhythmic feature on Stax recordings, based on dance that stressed two and four; delayed those beats until they were almost out of time
Which artists were provided "on loan" to Stax studio by Jerry Wexler?
Sam and Dave
nickname for Stax Records
Soulsville, USA
After a number-one hit as a teenager, ________ began to self-produce his Motown albums and exert creative control over his music.
Stevie Wonder
Explain the difference between sweet soul and southern soul.
Sweet Soul- elegant and restrained; Southern Soul- more openly enthusiastic in emotions/expression, closely related to gospel
Name two successful Motown guy groups.
The Temptations and the Four Tops
Berry Gordy's desire to appeal to white audiences prompted
accusations that Motown had sold out
All of the following are characteristics of "the Stax sound" EXCEPT
backup vocals
James Brown's early hits were in what style?
doo-wop
All of the following are musical features of James Brown's "Papa's Got a Brand New Bag, Pt. I" EXCEPT
doo-wop-style backup vocals
Curtis Mayfield was most famously involved as a producer for the Four Tops.
false
The "delayed backbeat" is a concept specific to the Chess record label.
false
The quintessential Motown girl group in the 1960s was the Temptations.
false
There are no stylistic differences between Atlantic's approaches to sweet soul and southern soul.
false
James Brown's musical style turned toward
funk
Which type of music served as the root of Aretha Franklin's singing?
gospel
In comparison to Atlantic/Stax, the musical style of Motown is often viewed as
more pop-oriented
Originally, Martha Reeves was hired by Motown as a
secretary
Aretha Franklin is often called the "Queen of ________."
soul
Martha and the Vandellas were former members of which group?
the Del-Phins
a group that worked with James Brown for a period of time
the Fabulous Flames
a studio band for Motown Records
the Funk Brothers
Which group best represents the essence of the Chicago R&B scene in the 1960s?
the Impressions
Which Motown group showcased the high tenor voice of Eddie Kendricks?
the Temptations
Why did Berry Gordy want to move his label to Los Angeles?
to become more involved in the film industry
What was the purpose of the "quality control" meetings at Motown?
to hold a final test for each song, including its arrangement and recorded sound
According to Berry Gordy, Motown artists had to project an image of class and sophistication.
true
Berry Gordy's desire to appeal to white audiences prompted criticism that Motown sold out to white America.
true
Berry Gordy's method of production was derived from Brill Building practices.
true
By the early 1970s, the music of Marvin Gay, the Temptations, and Stevie Wonder increasingly considered issues related to black urban life.
true
In the early 1960s, Stax was a much smaller operation than Motown.
true
James Brown often fined musicians who made mistakes during performances.
true
Marvin Gaye initially sought a career as a pop crooner in the vein of Frank Sinatra and Nat "King" Cole.
true
Rock communities embraced southern R&B as the "real thing."
true
On the song "Baby Love," what was used to create the hand clap-like sounds in the introduction?
two-by-fours slapping together
The Primettes
was the former band name for the Supremes
One of the cofounders of Atlantic Records was
Ahmet Ertegun
The business partnership between Atlantic and Stax dissolved in part due to
Atlantic actually owning the master tapes for Stax recordings under contract
The first hit record for Motown from 1959 was
"Money (That's What I Want)"
a hit song for the Temptations
"My Girl"
a cover version was recorded by Aretha Franklin
"Respect"
the last song released before Diana Ross started her solo career
"Someday We'll Be Together"
Stevie Wonder's first number-one hit on the pop and rhythm-and-blues chart was
"Fingertips, Pt. 2"
Which Stax song first used the rhythmic concept of the "delayed backbeat"?
"In the Midnight Hour"
What was "quality control" for Motown Records?
Berry Gordy and his staff tested songs ; arrangements and potential releases were voted on to see what made the cut
Many Stax recordings depended on their studio band called
Booker T. & the MG's
The period 1964-1967 at Motown was dominated by which writing and production team?
Brian Holland, Lamont Dozier, and Eddie Holland
The Chicago record label ________ released a broad range of black pop during the 1960s by artists such as Etta James, Sugar Pie DeSanto, and Jackie Ross.
Chess
By following the example of ________ with 1950s crossovers, Berry Gordy decided that original versions of Motown recordings should be acceptable to white audiences.
Chuck Berry
Aretha Franklin's first record contract was with which label?
Columbia
two members from Booker T. & the MG's
Cropper and Dunn