Chapter 6 Human Diseases

Hydroureter

Ureter swollen with urine

Septum

Wall between the ventricles

Anoxia

Absence of oxygen

Cyanosis

Bluish discoloration of the skin

Tetralogy of Fallot has four congenital heart defects. What is the classic symptom of this defect either at birth or within the first several months?

Bluish discoloration of the skin or cyanosis

Which of the following best describes cleft lip and cleft palate?

Cleft lip exhibits clefts in the upper lip; a hole in the roof of the mouth is cleft palate.

Which of the following is an acyanotic heart defect where there is no mixing of poorly oxygenated blood with blood reentering the systemic circulation?

Coarctation of the aorta

What is the term used when each kidney has two ureters instead of one?

Duplicated ureter

What are the serious, often fatal respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis?

Emphysema

Nephrectomy

Excision or removal of a kidney

Tachypnea

Fast breathing

FASD

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Meconium

First feces of a newborn infant

What are the two main causes of congenital birth defects?

Genetic causes, teratogens

Ross had a "sensitive" digestive tract as an infant but seemed to develop fairly normally. In early adolescence, he began to have serious constipation and abdominal distention. After numerous tries at diet changes and home remedies, he saw a physician. What might the physician suspect?

Hirschsprung disease

What are the symptoms of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder?

Hyperactive behavior, speech delays, flat nose, microcephaly

Dystonia

Impaired muscle tone

What are the most common teratogens?

In any order: infectious diseases; physical agents such as radiation, drugs, and chemicals; and maternal issues such as diabetes

What is the most likely etiology of hip dysplasia?

Incorrect position of fetus in uterus; otherwise unknown

Hypertrophy

Increase in size or volume

How does Laurene describe the symptoms she experiences during a sickle cell crisis?

Intense pain felt in arms, legs, or abdomen

Nystagmus

Involuntary movement of the eyeball

Peristalsis

Involuntary wavelike contractions

Parents are discussing their child's diagnosis of cerebral palsy with their pediatrician. When they ask what causes this defect, what will the pediatrician most likely explain about the etiology of cerebral palsy?

It is caused by CNS damage occurring before, during, or after birth.

Claudication

Lameness

Auscultation

Listening for sounds produced by internal organs

When the intestine does not turn properly prior to birth, becomes twisted, and blocks the duodenum, what is the condition called?

Malrotation and volvulus

Chyme

Nearly liquid mixture composed of partially digested food and gastric secretions

When hydrocephalus is suspected, what diagnostic procedures are likely performed?

Measuring head circumference, CT scan, MRI

What is the confirming diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Muscle biopsy showing connective tissue and fat deposits

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Laticia brings her infant home from the birthing center in less than 12 hours. The birth was uncomplicated, but soon Laticia knows something is wrong. Her infant is unable to suck without coughing, choking, and turning blue. What might be the problem?

Patent ductus arteriosus

The nurses notice a characteristic musty odor to the newborn's perspiration and urine due to a metabolite in which of the following diseases?

Phenylketonuria

Wilson has Tourette syndrome. Since childhood, his classic symptoms have been the uncontrollable tics and shoulder shrugging. He has a family, a good job, and is able to function well. What complementary therapy does he find most helpful?

Playing quiet-mind computer games and working crossword puzzles

If an infant begins projectile vomiting in the 2nd to 4th week after birth, what might a PCP suspect is the cause?

Pyloric stenosis

Excoriated

Roughened skin or an abrasion

Acetabulum

Rounded cavity on the outer surface of the hip bone that receives the femur

To confirm the presence of testes, the test will look for which hormone?

Serum gonadotropin

Microcephaly

Smaller-than-normal head

Mark is explaining to his brother why his son, who has cerebral palsy, walks on his toes and crosses one foot in front of the other. This is known as what type of cerebral palsy?

Spastic cerebral palsy that is characterized by hyperactive reflexes

Keith and Audrey are stunned and frightened when their son is born with omphalocele. They feel much better after the pediatrician assures them of what information?

Surgery will correct the problem and they can expect complete recovery

Hydronephrosis

Swelling of the renal pelvis of the kidney with urine

The gynecologist has given Karla the good news—she is pregnant with her first baby. A discussion of how to have a healthy baby free of any congenital heart defects likely includes which of the following?

Take a daily multivitamin that contains folic acid

Important client communication for cleft lip and cleft palate will include what information?

The ESSR feeding method for feeding

Can you recall the four types of talipes?

talipes varus, talipes valgus, talipes equines, talipes calcaneus