Chapter 6/7 Recharge
Which of the following are traits of intellectually gifted people? (Select all that apply.)
Academically advanced Socially well-adjusted Superior talent in a particular area IQ of 130 or above
_____ are mental categories that are used to group objects, events, and characteristics.
Concepts
_____ is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence.
Dyslexia
True or false: Memories in the brain are stored in a specific location.
False
Which of the following are levels of autobiographical memory? (Select all that apply.)
General events Event-specific knowledge Life time periods
Which of the following options are true of explicit memory? (Select all that apply.)
It is sometimes referred to as declarative memory. It has two subtypes of memory: episodic and semantic
Being alert and mentally present for one's everyday activities is known as which of the following?
Mindfulness
What is infinite generativity?
The ability to produce an infinite number of sentences using a relatively limited set of rules
What is validity?
The extent to which a test measures what it is intended to measure
____ intelligence is the ability to judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast.
analytical
A special form of episodic memory is _____ memory, which includes individuals' recollections of their life experiences, which generally include some memory and some myth.
autobiographical
When an infant utters sounds such as "ma," "pa," and "me" more or less randomly, he is _____.
babbling
When considering the ______ influences on language, a number of experts believe that language is a very recent human ability.
biological
Thinking, language, memory, and reasoning are all part of _____ psychology.
cognitive
When it comes to categorizing new information, our brains use several techniques; for example, the mental category that is used to group objects and events is called a(n) .
concept
Explicit memory is the _____ recollection of information such as facts and events.
conscious
is a learning disability characterized by difficulty with learning to read fluently and with accurate comprehension, despite normal intelligence.
dyslexia
Dr. Marsh has her General Psychology class go through an exercise in which they look at a group of objects and attempt to remember them. Then she has the class look at another group of objects and create a story involving them. The class finds the second group easier to remember because of _____.
elaboration
when _____ is extensive, the person has attempted to make the to-be-remembered information meaningful and has engaged in detailed processing.
elaboration
According to levels of processing, the process of _____ involves three levels.
encoding
The initial recording of information into memory is called
encoding
_____ failure occurs when the information has never entered into long-term memory.
encoding
Explicit memory has two subtypes. Autobiographical memory, a special form of _______ memory (which is one of explicit memory's subtypes), is a person's recollections of his or her life experiences.
episodic
True or false: The heritability of intelligence is static across the lifespan.
false
True or false: There are five levels of processing in the encoding process.
false
Hermann Ebbinghaus was the first person to conduct scientific research on _____.
forgetting
Estimates of _____ can change over time and across different groups; estimates for intelligence may differ with changes in nutrition, quality of school, neighborhood stability, and other factors.
heritability
In order to remember the way to the library, Kareem created a mental picture of all of the things he sees on his usual route. Kareem used mental _____ to remember the necessary route.
imagery
When Don was an undergraduate many years ago, his physics professor shot a flaming arrow across the lecture hall to illustrate a physics theory. Because Don vividly remembers the theory today, this is an example of _____.
imagery
You know how to tie your shoes, and when you do, the procedure can be carried out non-consciously. This is an example of _____ memory.
implicit
____ memory is when behavior is affected by prior experiences without conscious recollection of the experience.
implicit
Reasoning from the specific to the general or from the bottom up is known as _____.
inductive reasoning
Problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences is known as _____.
intelligence
Many experts believe that biological evolution that occurred long before _____ emerged shaped humans into linguistic individuals.
language
We use _____, symbols, signs, or sounds arranged according to systematic rules to communicate our ideas.
language
___ is a communication system that follows rules of syntax and grammar.
language
_____ is defined as the retention of information or experience over time.
memory
Encoding failure occurs when the information was _____.
never entered into long-term memory
Long-term memory is a _____ type of memory that stores huge amounts of information.
permanent
All of the following are aspects of thinking, EXCEPT _____.
physically manipulating objects
Alan had a list of items to buy at the hardware store, but when he arrived at the store, he found he had forgotten to bring his list. "Oh, well," he said, "I remember the first three, so I may as well get those." This illustrates the _____ effect.
primacy
In terms of the effects of serial position, the _____ effect refers to better recall for items at the beginning.
primacy
Allison lived in a foreign country for a year, and she didn't drive a car during that time. When she came back to the United States, she found it effortless to drive her car. Her ability to remember how to drive is an example of _____ memory.
procedural
Aaron has elaborate systems set up on his computer to remind him of all the things he has to do and when he has to do them. The computer is helping Aaron with _____ memory.
prospective
The type of memory that involves remembering information about doing something in the future is _____ memory.
prospective
The mental activity of transforming information to reach conclusions is known as _____. This activity is involved in problem solving and decision making.
reasoning
____ is a memory task in which the person has to retrieve previously learned information; _____ is a memory task in which the person has to identify learned items.
recall; recognition
Jason is actively trying to remember his teammates' names, so he writes down the numbers from their jerseys and the position they play on the team, along with the first letter of their names. He is using the numbers as _____ cues to help his memory for the names of his teammates.
retrieval
Which of the following is the memory process by which information held in memory is brought out of storage?
retrieval
_____ is the memory process by which information retained in memory is brought out of storage, that is, when we recall or remember something.
retrieval
is a general mental framework that helps people to organize and understand information.
schema
_____ attention involves focusing on a specific aspect of experience while ignoring other stimuli.
selective
Marisol is reading her textbook while ignoring the argument her younger siblings are having in the same room. Marisol's situation is a good example of _____.
selective attention
The three stages of memory in the Atkinson-Shiffrin theory are ____ memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
sensory
You are driving down the highway and see a billboard with a phone number on it. You tell yourself to remember it, but after you drive a little farther, you find you've forgotten it. This describes the limitations of ____ _____
short term
Marie's dorm room is a total mess, and Marie is so overwhelmed, she doesn't know how to fix it. Marie's older sister tells her to start by putting dirty clothes in the hamper and folding the clean ones, and then to move on to putting away books and papers. Marie's sister is using _____ to help Marie solve her problem.
subgoals
Neuroscientists studying memory have benefited greatly from the use of MRI scans. They are able to see brain activation while a person is remembering. This has led them to conclude that _____.
there is no one memory center in the brain
Ian wants his sister to drive him to the movies. He is imagining various ways of achieving this. In other words, he is ______.
thinking
_____ involves manipulating information mentally by forming concepts, solving problems, making decisions, and reflecting in a critical or creative manner.
thinking
A test (such as an IQ test) that accurately measures what it is intended to measure is highly
valid
_____ memory is a limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for less than a minute unless strategies are used to retain it longer.
Short-term
Which of the following holds information from the world in its original form for only a brief moment in time?
Sensory memory