Chapter 7

2 pyruvate molecules

glycolysis breaks down glucose into

cytosol

glycolysis occurs in the

NAD+

glycolysis slows down due to a depletion of

NADH and FADH2

high-energy electrons used for oxi. phos.

mitochondrial

in eukaryotic cells, the citric acid cycle occurs in the ______ matrix

breakdown of pyruvate, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

in eukaryotic cells,which of the following metabolic pathways occur in the mitochondria?

plasma membrane

oxidative phosphorlyation occur in

cellular respiration

the metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from good molecules and release waste products are collectively called

1. glycolysis 2. breakdown of pyruvate 3. citric acid cycle 4. oxidative phosphorlyation

4 steps in cellular respiration

glycolysis and citric acid cycle

amino acids can be broken down for what metabolic pathways?

substrate-level phosphorylation

an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP

oxygen and glucose

consider the net equation of cellular respiration, which molecules would be reactants

chemiosmosis

during the process of _____, energy stored in a proton gradient is used to synthesize ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

pyruvate, NADH, ATP

end products of glycolysis

anaerobic

environment that lacks oxygen

oxygen

fermentation and anaerobic respiration metabolizes organic molecules in the absence of what molecule?

production of ATP

function of oxidative phosphorylation

cristae

invaginations of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase its surface area are called

ATP

main product of cellular respiration

FADH, carbon dioxide, ATP, NADH

products of citric acid cycle

NADH, FADH, ATP

three energy intermediates produced during cellular respiration

covalent bonds

what bonds in glucose store large amounts of energy

NADH is oxidized into NAD+, pyruvate is reduced to lactate

what happens during the fermentation reactions that occur in muscle cells?

oxygen

what molecule is the final electron acceptor in their electron transport chains?

lactate and ethanol

what organic molecules are produced by fermentation?

fermentation

what type of pathway produces ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation without any oxidation of organic molecules?