chapter 7 test

Which of the following are part of the Central Nervous System?

brain, spinal cord

What are the two main functional subdivisions of the nervous system?

central and peripheral

coordinates complex muscular movements

cerebellum

What disorder can occur when there is a temporary lack of oxygen during delivery of a baby?

cerebral palsy

nuclei

clusters of cell bodies in the central nervous system

ganglia

clusters of cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

located in the midbrain; contains reflex centers for vision and hearing

corpora quadrigemina

Cerebrospinal fluid circulates through all of the following except

corpus callosum

What type of neuron connects sensory and motor neurons in neural pathways?

interneurons

*this is based on a picture* The neural processes that convey incoming messages toward the cell body are indicated by ________.

label A

*this is based on a picture* The axon terminals are indicated by ________.

label C

Feeling deep pressure during a tooth extraction. Which type of sensory receptor detects this?

lamellar corpuscle

The hypothalamus is the "emotional-visceral" center of the brain and, thus, is an important part of the ________.

limbic system

concussion

little permanent damage

contusion

significant nervous tissue destruction, coma may occur

processes auditory information

temporal lobe

anencephaly

the absence of a major portion of the brain

The internal environment of a neuron at rest is slightly negative.

true

_____ is a brain disease that results in dementia and is associated with acetylcholine shortage.

alzheimer's

hydrocephalus

an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in pressure on the brain

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.

axon

The midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata are housed in the ________.

brain stem

Which of the following is one major function of the pons?

breathing

nerves

bundles of nerves fibers in the central nervous system

tracts

bundles of nerves fibers in the peripheral nervous system

large fiber tract connecting the cerebral hemispheres

corpus callosum

intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral edema

death may occur

spina bifida

defects in the spinal cord and bones of the spine

The thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus collectively constitute the _____.

diencephalon

The correct sequence from outermost to innermost layers of the meninges is

dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Which ciliated neuroglial cell circulates cerebrospinal fluid?

ependymal cells

An influx of potassium starts the process of depolarization.

false

The myelin sheath insulates the axon and slows the speed of impulse transmission.

false

The nerve impulse travels directly and without pause through one neuron into another.

false

A stroke in the primary motor area has caused Don to lose control over his skeletal muscles on the right side of his body. What lobe of his brain was damaged?

frontal lobe

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, metabolism, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

hypothalamus

Which of the following indicates damage to the primary motor area?

inability to voluntarily move skeletal muscles

Centers for control of activities -- heart rate, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the _____.

medulla oblongata

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

motor neuron

How are neurons with several processes branching off the cell body structurally classified?

multipolar

processes visual information

occipital lobe

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division?

parasympathetic

In which cerebral lobe is the primary somatic sensory cortex located?

parietal

mathematical computation localized here

parietal lobe

The innermost meningeal layer, that clings to the brain and spinal cord is the _____ mater.

pia

Neurons at rest have _____ inside while keeping _____ outside the membrane.

potassium, sodium

Sensory receptors located in muscles and tendons are termed ________.

proprioceptors

(Peripheral system), the _____ nervous system is voluntary & the _____ nervous system is involuntary.

somatic, autonomic

Hemiplegia and aphasia characterize those patients who have experienced a ________.

stroke

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system mobilizes the body during extreme situations (fear)?

sympathetic division

Calcium and neurotransmitters enable the transmission of the nerve impulse from one neuron to another.

true

What pair of cranial nerves extends to the thoracic and abdominal cavities?

vagus

Myelinated fibers (tracts) form ________ matter while unmyelinated fibers form ________ matter.

white, gray

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

pituitary gland

How many pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal nerve?

31

Sally has a brain injury; she knows what she wants to say but can't vocalize the words. The part of her brain that deals with the ability to say words properly is the ________.

Broca's area

transient ischemic attack

Restriction of blood flow to brain Temporary paralysis, impaired speech Mini stroke

stroke

Results when blood circulation to a brain area is blocked and brain tissue dies Loss of some functions or death may result

What cells form the myelin sheaths around nerve fibers in the PNS?

Schwann cells

The largest nerve in the body, the sciatic nerve, belongs to the _____ nerve plexus.

sacral

personality & memory localized here

temporal lobe

What portion of the diencephalon acts as a relay station for sensory impulses traveling upward to the sensory cortex?

thalamus