Chapter 8: Sports Nutrition

Ultra-endurance athletes want to ensure they are getting enough vitamins for proper antioxidant function. What do you suggest to them? a. Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods. b. Consume fruits and vegetables to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods. c. Consume a daily multivitamin along with fruits and vegetables to ensure proper antioxidant intake. d. Consume a daily multivitamin along with whole grains to ensure proper antioxidant intake.

a. Consume fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to ensure a diet rich in antioxidant-containing foods.

What foods would you recommend to an athlete who asked you about increasing their vitamin C intake to assist them in meeting the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for vitamin C? a. broccoli, oranges, and strawberries b. onions, oranges, and strawberries c. broccoli, chicken, and oranges d. chicken, oranges, and strawberries

a. broccoli, oranges, and strawberries

While thiamin needs may be greater in athletes because of their higher ATP production compared to nonathletes, their consumption of what type of high-quality foods with this macronutrient will more than meet the RDA for thiamin? a. carbohydrates b. fats c. proteins d. glycogen

a. carbohydrates

The carotenoid beta-carotene is converted in the body to an active form of which vitamin? a. vitamin A b. vitamin E c. vitamin C d. vitamin B12

a. vitamin A

Which vitamins are involved in antioxidant function? a. vitamins E, B, and C b. vitamins E, C, and A c. vitamins E, C, and D d. vitamins E, D, and B

b. vitamins E, C, and A

Which athlete is more likely to be at higher risk for vitamin deficiency, because it is common for them to reduce their overall energy intake? a. female basketball players b. wrestlers c. male gymnasts d. male sprinters

b. wrestlers

When thinking specifically about vitamins, the phrase "food first, supplement second" refers to which of the following? a. Vitamins from food are absorbed before vitamins from supplements are absorbed. b. Try to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamins through diet and take an antioxidant vitamin supplement to cover the high requirement that is hard to obtain from eating a lot of fruits and vegetables. c. Try to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamins through diet but take a vitamin supplement to cover any vitamins that may be lacking when the diet is not rich in vitamins. d. Consume food first and take a supplement, if desired, after the meal.

c. Try to obtain a sufficient amount of vitamins through diet but take a vitamin supplement to cover any vitamins that may be lacking when the diet is not rich in vitamins.

Which three vitamins are all involved in energy metabolism through oxidation-reduction reactions in the Krebs cycle? a. Vitamins D, E, and K b. Vitamins A, C, and E c. Vitamins B1, B2, and B3 d. Vitamins C, D, and E

c. Vitamins B1, B2, and B3

What term used on food labels estimates the amount of certain nutrients needed each day? a. serving size b. protein c. daily value d. calories

c. daily value

What is it called when a vitamin is lost during processing but added back? a. supplement b. fortification c. enrichment d. bioavailability

c. enrichment

Why do some vitamin supplements claim they provide energy? a. Vitamin supplements are needed for all athletes to increase their energy intake. b. Most vitamin supplements do contain energy or kilocalories (kcal). c. All vitamin supplements contain carbohydrates, which contain energy. d. Many B vitamins facilitate the production of energy.

d. Many B vitamins facilitate the production of energy.

Is it possible for athletes to meet their nutrient needs without taking a vitamin supplement? a. No, an athlete requires needs well above the recommendation for healthy adults, and it's very difficult for athletes to consume what they need from food alone. b. No, needs are more easily met with supplements and with high requirements; athletes should take supplements to ensure needs are met. c. Yes, the food must be consumed at regular intervals. d. Yes, the diet must be nutrient dense, calorically adequate, and varied.

d. Yes, the diet must be nutrient dense, calorically adequate, and varied.

For both athletes and nonathletes, vitamin excesses that reach the tolerable upper intake level are most likely to be caused by what? a. fortified foods only b. lack of dietary supplement consumption c. excessive dietary intake of particular foods d. dietary supplements and fortified foods

d. dietary supplements and fortified foods

Which antioxidant vitamin has been the subject of the most research in studies of athletes? a. vitamin B12 b. vitamin C c. vitamin A d. vitamin E

d. vitamin E

You are a sports dietitian working with athletes at a local high school. An athlete comes to you and asks about dietary supplements to increase their vitamin intake. What would be your primary message regarding vitamin supplements for athletes? a. It is necessary to consume vitamin supplements as an athlete. b. It is unlikely your vitamin needs are significantly increased above the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and a vitamin supplement may not be necessary, but a dietary assessment may reveal vitamin deficiencies. c. You should consume vitamin supplements to reach the tolerable upper intake level for each vitamin. d. All athletes have vitamin deficiencies and should consume vitamin supplements on a regular basis.

It is unlikely your vitamin needs are significantly increased above the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) and a vitamin supplement may not be necessary, but a dietary assessment may reveal vitamin deficiencies.