Chapter 9 A&P multi

flexion and extension

A monoaxial joint, like the elbow, is capable of which one of the following movements? circumduction supination and pronation flexion and extension rotation abduction

bursa

A(n) _________________ is a sac of fluid associated with a synovial joint articular sac synovial vesicle bursa meniscus articular cavity

plantar flexion

If you stand on tiptoes to reach something high, you are performing ______________ at the ankle. plantar flexion abduction opposition dorsiflexion eversion

elevation; depression

In humans, normal chewing involves _______ and _________ of the mandible protraction; retraction opposition; reposition elevation; pronation elevation; depression

humeroscapular

One example of a multiaxial joint is proximal radioulunar metatarsophalangeal humeroulunar humeroscapular atlantoaxial

elbow

Radial (lateral) and ulnar (medial) collateral ligaments restrict side-to-side movements of the ______________ joint. shoulder elbow wrist hip knee

abduction

Raising an arm to one side of the body to stop a taxi is an example of ______________ of the shoulder. abduction adduction circumduction rotation protraction

hyperextension of the wrist

Showing your palm to someone who is in front of you, as if to tell them "stop", requires dorsiflexion of the hand hyperextension of the wrist abduction of the wrist flexion of the wrist hyperextension of the metacarpophalangeal joints

fibers; bone

Some joints become synostoses by replacing ________ with _________ fibers; cartilage cartilage; fibers bone; cartilage bone; fibers fibers; bone

adduction of the fingers

Suppose you cup your hands to hold some water. To limit the amount of leaking through your hands, this action would most likely require pronation of the foreame circumduction of the wrists opposition of the thumb abduction of the fingers adduction of the fingers

acetabular labrum

The ________________ deepens the socket of the hip joint and helps stabilize the joint. fovea capitis greater trochanter lesser trochanter acetabular labrum ischial tuberosity

distal radioulnar joint

The ________________ is not found in the elbow. humeroulnar joint humeroradial joint proximal radioulnar joint distal radioulnar joint anular ligament

posterior tibiofibular ligament

The _________________ is NOT part of the tibiofemoral joint. lateral meniscus anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial (medial) collateral ligament fibular (lateral) collateral ligament posterior tibiofibular ligament

subpatellar

The ______________________ bursa is not an accessory structure of the glenohumeral joint. subdeltoid subcoracoid subpatellar subacromial subscapular

inferiorly

The rotator cuff tendons enclose the shoulder joint on all sides EXCEPT _______________, which partly explains the nature of most shoulder dislocations. anteriorly posteriorly superiorly inferiorly medially

articular cartilage

The smooth, connective tissue lining that covers the opposing bony surfaces of a synovial joint is called articular cartilage a ligament the fibrous capsule a synovial membrane the joint cavity

arthrology

The study of joint structure, function, and dysfunction is called kinesiology arthrology osteology biomechanics synostology

tibia; fibula; talus

The talocrural joint is formed by the union of the ______, the ________, and the _______. femur; calcaneus, talus femur; tibia; patella tibia; fibula; talus tibia; fibula; calcaneus tibia; calcaneus; talus

synovial

The temporomandibular joint is a(n) _______________ joint. osseous cartilaginous bony fibrous synovial

hinge

The union of the proximal and middle phalanges form ________________ joints pivot plane (gliding) hinge saddle condylar (ellipsoid)

inversion; eversion

To tip the soles of the feet medially, so they face each other requires __________. Tipping them out laterally so they face away from each other is _______________ dorsiflexion; plantar flexion inversion; eversion medial excursion; lateral excursion opposition; reposition retraction; protraction

gomphosis

Unlike other joints, a ________________ does not join two bones to one another suture syndemosis gomphosis cartilaginous joint bony joint

these are all fibrous joints

What do sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses have in common? these are joints found only in the appendicular skeleton these are joints found only in the axial skeleton these are all bony joints these are all filbrous joints these are all cartilaginous joints

protract

When doing a pushup, your shoulders _______________ as yout body is pushed upwards. protract retract supinate hyperextend elevate

flexing

When you hold out your hands with the palms up, _____________ your wrists will tip your palms toward you. hyperextending circumducting rotating flexing abducting

extend

When you walk up the stairs, your hip and knee joints _____________ to lift your body weight. rotate abduct adduct flex extend

the length of the bone

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines the range of motion of a joint the shapes of the bone surfaces the length of the bone the stiffness of the ligaments the strength of the ligaments the action of the muscles associated with the joint

elastic

Which of the following is NOT a major joint category elastic synovial cartilaginous fibrous bony

the interosseous membrane

Which of the following is NOT an anatomical component of a synovial joint articular cartilage the joint cavity the interosseous membrane the fibrous capsule the synovial membrane

the atlanto-occipital joint

Which of the following is a first-class lever the humeroulnar joint the talocrural joint the knee joint any metacarpophalangeal joint the atlanto-occipital joint

the knee

Which of the following is the largest and most complex diarthrosis in the body? the hip the knee the elbow the shoulder the wrist

coxal joint

Which of the following is the most stable joint? coxal joint glenohumeral joint tibiofemoral joint humeroulnar joint humeroradial joint

flexion

raising your hand and place it on the shoulder of a person standing in front of you requires _______________ of the shoulder abduction adduction extension flexion elevation

condylar

37. The metacarpophalangeal joints at the base of the fingers are ________________ joints ball-and-socket condylar pivot hinge plane (gliding)

serrate sutures

Coronal, sagittal, and lambdoid are examples of syndesmoses gomphoses serrate sutures plane sutures lap sutures

synchondrosis

The epiphysis and diaphysis of a long bone in a child are bound by a synchondrosis symphysis serrate suture lap suture plane suture

medial meniscus

The fibrocartilage pad between the medial cindyle of the femur and the medial condyle of the tibia is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) infrapatellar bursa medial meniscus lateral meniscus

mandible; temporal bone

The jaw joint is the articulation of the _______ and the _______ mandible; temporal bone mandible; sphenoid bone mandible; zygomatic bone mandible; maxilla maxilla; zygomatic

symphysis

The joint between L2 and L3 is a synostosis gomphosis synchondrosis symphysis syndesmosis

syndesmosis

The joint between the diaphyses of the radius and the ulnar joint is a suture gomphosis syndesmosis synchondrosis symphsis

synchondrosis; synovial

The joint between the first costal cartilage and the sternum, is a ____________, whereas the other costal cartilages are joined to the sternum by ____________ joints. syndesmosis; synovial synchondrosis; synovial synstosis; cartilaginous synarthrosis; cartilaginous symphysis; cartilaginous

sagittal suture

The joint between the left and right parietal bones is called the: lambdoid suture sagittal suture coronal suture parietal joint cranial joint

synostosis

The least movable joints are ______________ joints symphysis synchodrosis syndesmosis gomphosis synostosis

fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL)

The ligament that attached the lateral femoral epicondyle to the fibula is called the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) posterior cruciate ligament fibular (lateral) collateral ligament (LCL) tibial (medial) collateral ligament patellar ligament

pivot

The proximal radioulnar joint is a ________ joint ball-and-socket saddle hinge pivot condylar

their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 1.0

Which of the following is true regarding joints that are first-class levers their mechanical advantage may be either greater or less than 10 their mechanical advantage is always less than 10 their output force is always greater than the input force their resistance is between the joint (fulcrum) and the distal end of the bone (effort) the joint (fulcrum) is at the opposite end from the tendinous insertion (effort)

the radioulnar ligament

Which of the following structures is NOT found in the shoulder? the glenohumeral ligament the transverse humeral ligament the coracohumeral ligament the radioulnar ligament the rotator cuff

the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Which of the following structures prevents knee hyperextension? the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) the fibular (lateral) collateral ligament the medial meniscus the lateral meniscus

hyperextension of the neck

While standing, looking up at the stars requires elevation of the mandible extension of the neck hyperextension of the neck abduction of the neck dorsiflextion of the neck

circumduction

With the elbow and wrist extended, painting a circle on a canvas requires ______________ the shoulder. rotation circumduction extension flexion elevation

synovial

the most most movable joints are ___________ joints symphysis synovial syndesmosis gomphosis synchondrosis