Chapter 9 Anatomy of Hearing

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Anterior Malleolar Ligament

J

Tympanic membrane

J

Anterior process (of Malleus)

L

Facial nerve

L

oval window, round window, promontory, prominence of the facial nerve

Landmarks of the medial wall of the middle ear cavity

auricle/helix, auricular tuberacle

Landmarks of the pinna include;

malleus (hammer)

Larges of the ossicles that provides a point of attachment for the TM (Tympanic membrane)

Pedicle

M

middle ear

the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window

concha

the concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression of the ear

external auditory meatus (EAM)

the concha, ear canal

cavum conchae

the deep portion of the concha

stapedius

the muscle attached to the stapes; tensing decreases vibration

saccule

the smaller of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear

ossicular chain

the three interconnected bones in the middle ear that conduct vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea

Crista Ampullaris (Crista)

receptor structure of the semicircular canals

cone of light

reflects light from otoscope

efferent

sending information out from the brain

afferent

sending information to the brain

tympanic muscles

-Muscles of middle ear attached to ossicles -Smallest muscles of human body

auricular cartilage

Cartilage of the pinna covered by haired and non-haired skin

tympanic muscles

stapedius and tensor tympani

Cristae within amuplla

D

Head (of stapes)

D

Posterior Malleolar fold

D

crura of antihelix

D

superior semicircular canal

D

tunnel of corti

D

Manubrium

E

Pinna

E

Uricle

E

Vestibule

E

posterior crus

E

Anterior process (of malleus)

F

Basilar membrane

F

Saccule

F

Tragus

F

Vestibular cochlear (auditory) nerve

F

umbo

F

sense rotational acceleration

Function of Semicircular canals

Head

G

cone of light

G

maculae

G

Cochlea

H

manubrium (of malleus)

H

Concha cava

I

Lateral process (of malleus)

I

Stapes

I

outer hair cells

I

vestibular organ

In the vestibular system, the membranous labyrinth houses the _____.

B

The Cochlea and vestibular system are imbedded within the A. occipital bone B. temporal bone C. pterygoid D. Maxilla

osseous, cartilaginous

The EAM has both ____ and ___ parts.

False

The Pinna (or auricle ) is the structure of the middle ear. (T/f)

osseous labyrinth

The ____ has the appearance of a coiled snail shell.

D

The ____ maintains equilibrium between atmospheric pressure and the middle ear pressure. A. auditory tube B. eustachian tube C. inner tube D. Both A and B

cymba conchae

The _____ is the anterior extension of the helix and the anterior entrance of the concha.

tympanic membrane

The _____ marks the boundary between the outer and middle ear.

inner ear

The ______ houses the sensors for balance and hearing.

subarachnoid space

a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid

cerumen

a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal

auditory tube

channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube

cochlear labyrinth

cochlear duct

Audition

includes all the processes involved in hearing energy transduction; transforming acoustic energy into electrochemical energy

otitis

inflammation of the ear

stapedius muscle

inserts into the posterior neck of the stapes and inserts and pulls stapes posteriorly.

B

inserts into upper manubrium malli and pulls malleus anteromedially A. stapedius muscle B. tensor tympani

speculum

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

umbo

knob of the malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane

cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule, helicotrema

landmarks of the inner ear

helix

latin for coil; forms the curled margin of the pinna

Pinna

latin for feather, cartilaginous structure that aids in the localization of sound and capturing sound energy

manubrium of malleus

long process where malleus is attached to fibrous layer of TM

oval window

membrane that covers the opening between the middle ear and inner ear

swimmers ear

otitis externa

Outer ear

part of the ear, consisting of the pinna and external auditory meatus

oval window

permits communication between the scala vestibuli and the middle ear space.

round window

provides communication between the scala tympani and the middle ear space.

cymba conchae

the anterior extension of the helix marking the anterior entrance to the concha

Crura of the antihelix

the antihelix bifurcates superiorly, producing the ______.

cochlea

a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses

cochlear duct

a fluid filled cavity within the cochlea that vibrates when sound waves strike it

membranous labyrinth

a fluid filled sac that rests within the cavity of the osseous labyrinth and its filed with endolymph

Auricular tubercle (Darwin's tubercle)

a frequently found variation of the helix, resulting in a thickened portion of the helix near the tip posteriorly

scaphoid fossa

a groove located immediately anterior to the helix, which runs down the posterior portion of the pinna

cochlear aqueduct

a small canal that interconnects the upper duct with the subarachnoid space.

otitis externa

"Swimmer's ear" Inflammation of outer ear and ear canal, can be caused with buildup of cerumen

malleus (hammer)

(also called the hammer) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil.

Anterior Duct

A

Anterior crus

A

Lateral malleolar process

A

Pinna

A

scaphoid fossa

A

tectorial membrane

A

antitragus

A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus. Located on the superior border of the lobe of the ear.

tensor tympani

A small skeletal muscle which limits movement of ossicles and increases tension of the tympanic membrane to prevent damage in response to loud, prolonged noises.

utricle

A small, fluid-filled sac in the vestibular system above the saccule that responds to static positions of the head.

stapes (stirrup)

A tiny U shaped bone that passes vibrations from the anvil to the cochlea.

Incus (anvil)

A tiny bone that passes vibrations from the malleus to the stapes

middle ear

At birth the ____ is adult size.

Anterior malleolar fold

B

Footplate (of stapes)

B

Malleus

B

Posterior duct

B

inner hair cell

B

Incus

C

Lateral duct

C

Pars flaccida

C

triangular fossa

C

lentricular process (of incus)

N

Malleus

Name the entire structure

Incus

Name this structure

Stapes

Name this structure

Long process (of incus)

O

Lobule (lobe)

OF THE EXTERNAL EAR The bottom most portion of the ear, the lobe, where you get ear piercings

Articular surface (of Incus)

P

Otitis Media

Pathology of middle ear that is infected fluid within middle ear causing bulging. can be acute or chronic

tuberculum supratragicum

Projection on superior surface of tragus

Short Process (of incus)

Q

acoustic reflex

The contraction of the middle ear muscles in response to an intense sound. The contraction limits the amount of sound energy passing through the middle ear, thus protecting the delicate structures in the inner ear.

1/3

The distal cartilaginous portion of the ear makes up ___ of the ear canal.

True

The ear canal is known as the external auditory meatus. (T/F)

False

The entryway to the cochlea is called the external auditory meatus. (T/F)

A

The eustachian tube is responsible for aeration of A. middle ear B. outer ear C. inner ear D. cochlea

A

The first layer of the tympanic membrane is A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer

macullae

The floor of the utricle is made up of epithelium called:

perilymph

The fluid that fills the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli of the cochlea is called

oval window

The footplate of the stapes is embedded in the ______.

antihelix

The inner rim of the ear. It starts at the superior border of the lobe and continues upward until it ends by becoming the crura. It forms the superior and posterior walls of the concha.

True

The lateral semicircular canal senses movement roughly in the transverse plane of the body.

vestibuli, scala tymbani

The osseous labyrinth is made up of two incomplete chambers;

anterior, posterior, lateral

The osseous semicircular canals are named

B

The ossicular chain is held in place by A. muscles B. ligaments C. cartilage D. faith

superior, anterior, lateral (of malleus), posterior, superior (of incus)

The ossicular chain is held in place by the _________ ligaments of the malleus and the _______ ligaments of the incus.

pinna, external auditory meatus

The outer ear is composed of the ______ and _____.

B

The point of articulation fo the incus and malleus is know as A. Stirrup joint B. saddle joint C. giddy-up joint D. You know this one girl

B

The second layer of the tympanic membrane is the: A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer

A

The semicircular canals are filled with A. endolymph B. perilymph C. Serous fluid

true

The sensory epithelium for the saccule is placed on posterior wall while the sensory epithelium is placed on the inferior floor of the utricle. (true/false)

tragus

The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal.

False

The stapedius muscle attaches to the malleus, while the tensor tympani muscle attaches to the stapes. (T/F)

false

The stiffening of the tympanic membrane helps with high frequency sounds (true/false)

B

The stiffening of the tympanic muscles help to protect from A. high frequency sounds B. loud low frequency sounds C. infections

Pinna

The structure that serves primarily as a sound collector.

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

The terminus of the of the EAM is the ______, the structure separating the outer and middle ear.

C

The third layer of the tympanic membrane is A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer

E

The vestibular system A. series of loopy canals B. senses position, orientation C. senses movement of head D. senses balance E. All of the above

False

There is one row of outer hair cells and three rows of inner hair cells in the organ corti. (T/F)

B

Together, the _____ transmit acoustic energy from the TM to the cochlea A. incus and malleus B. ossicular chain C. malleus, incus D. malleus, stapes

C

What are the 3 components of the Tympanic Membrane (TM)? A. Manubrium, Anvil, Umbo B. Malleus, manubrium, Incus C. Umbo, Cone of light, Manubrium D. Cone of light, incus, umbo

C

What are the components of the middle ear? A. Malleus, incus, tapes B. Malleus, pinna, stapes C. malleus, incus, stapes D. EAM, incus, pinna

C

What bone pushes on the oval window? A. Malleus B. Incus C. Stapes

B

What component of the outer ear is lined with small/fine hair and serum and is a resonating cavity that contributes to hearing? A. Pinna B. External auditory meatus C. Tympanic Membrane D.Incus

A

What fluid gets vibrated by the footplate of the stapes? A. perilymph B. endolymph C. serous fluid D. cerumen

A

What is the function of the anterior duct of semicircular canals? A. nodding B. tilting head side to side C. left/right head movement D. detect lineal acceleration

A

What is the function of the cristae within the ampulla? A. send neural signal B. detect linear acceleration C. tilting head to side D. balance

C

What is the function of the lateral semicircular canal? A. nodding B. tilting head side to side C. left/right head movement D. detect lineal acceleration

B

What is the function of the posterior semicircular canal? A. nodding B. tilting head side to side C. left/right head movement D. detect lineal acceleration

B

What kind of joint articulate the incus and malleus? a. ball and socket B. saddle joint

A

What muscle keeps the stapes taut against the oval window? A. stapedius B. tensor tympani

tensor tympani

What muscle of the middle ear is innervated by the mandibular division of CN V?

manubrium

What part of the Malleus contacts the eardrum?

A

What type of fluid is found within the scala media? A. endolymph B. perilymph C. Serous fluid

B

What type of fluid is found within the scala vestibuli and scala tympani? A. endolymph B. perilymph C. Serous fluid

A

What type of joint articulates the incus and stapes? A. Ball and socket B. Saddle joint

A

Where is the footplate of the stapes embedded? A. oval window B. round window C. promontory of the cochlea

A

Which layer of the Tympanic membrane is a continuation of the epithelium of EAM? A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer

C

Which layer of the tympanic membrane is a continuation of the epithelium of the lining of the middle ear? A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer

B

Which layer of the tympanic membrane provides structure? A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer

C

Which of the following is NOT a function of the eustachian tube? a. drain ear b. pressure equalization c. sound amplification

C

Which of the following is false of the tympanic muscles? A. both muscles stiffen middle ear and form transmission system B. reduce transmission of acoustical information at low frequencies to protect against loud sounds C. protect against high frequency sounds found in industrial society D. None are true

B

Which portion of the ossicular chain is the intermediate link of ossicular chain? A. stapes B. incus C. malleus

B

Which structure of the ear consists of ossicles and muscles? A. outer ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. auditory pathways

B

Which structure of the ear contains the 3 smallest bones of the body which form the ossicular chain? A. outer ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. cochlea

C

Which structure of the ear is made up of the cochlea and vestibule? A. outer ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. auditory pathways

C

Which window is the entrance to the scala tympanic of the cochlea? A. oval window B. square window C. round window D. None of the above

utricle, saccule

Within the vestibule lie the _____ and the ____.

2/3

_____ of the ear canal is housed in bone.

osseous labyrinth

bony canal of inner ear in temporal bone that is made up of vestibule, semicircular canals, osseous cochlear canal.

spiral nerve

c

Auricular hematoma

caused by physical trauma, cauliflower ear

triangular fossa

depression between the crura of the ear; the second deepest depression of the ear

cerumen

ear wax

tympanic membrane (TM)

eardrum; drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external auditory canal and amplifies it through the middle ear

terminus

end

vestibule

entrance to the cochlea

ampulla

expanded region of the semicircular canals containing the crista ampularis.

perilymph

fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear

basilar membrane

forms the floor of the scala media

Reissner's membrane

forms the upper boundary of the scala media

ossicles

three tiny bones in the middle ear


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