Chapter 9 Anatomy of Hearing
Anterior Malleolar Ligament
J
Tympanic membrane
J
Anterior process (of Malleus)
L
Facial nerve
L
oval window, round window, promontory, prominence of the facial nerve
Landmarks of the medial wall of the middle ear cavity
auricle/helix, auricular tuberacle
Landmarks of the pinna include;
malleus (hammer)
Larges of the ossicles that provides a point of attachment for the TM (Tympanic membrane)
Pedicle
M
middle ear
the chamber between the eardrum and cochlea containing three tiny bones (malleus, incus, stapes) that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochlea's oval window
concha
the concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression of the ear
external auditory meatus (EAM)
the concha, ear canal
cavum conchae
the deep portion of the concha
stapedius
the muscle attached to the stapes; tensing decreases vibration
saccule
the smaller of two sacs within the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule in the inner ear
ossicular chain
the three interconnected bones in the middle ear that conduct vibration from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea
Crista Ampullaris (Crista)
receptor structure of the semicircular canals
cone of light
reflects light from otoscope
efferent
sending information out from the brain
afferent
sending information to the brain
tympanic muscles
-Muscles of middle ear attached to ossicles -Smallest muscles of human body
auricular cartilage
Cartilage of the pinna covered by haired and non-haired skin
tympanic muscles
stapedius and tensor tympani
Cristae within amuplla
D
Head (of stapes)
D
Posterior Malleolar fold
D
crura of antihelix
D
superior semicircular canal
D
tunnel of corti
D
Manubrium
E
Pinna
E
Uricle
E
Vestibule
E
posterior crus
E
Anterior process (of malleus)
F
Basilar membrane
F
Saccule
F
Tragus
F
Vestibular cochlear (auditory) nerve
F
umbo
F
sense rotational acceleration
Function of Semicircular canals
Head
G
cone of light
G
maculae
G
Cochlea
H
manubrium (of malleus)
H
Concha cava
I
Lateral process (of malleus)
I
Stapes
I
outer hair cells
I
vestibular organ
In the vestibular system, the membranous labyrinth houses the _____.
B
The Cochlea and vestibular system are imbedded within the A. occipital bone B. temporal bone C. pterygoid D. Maxilla
osseous, cartilaginous
The EAM has both ____ and ___ parts.
False
The Pinna (or auricle ) is the structure of the middle ear. (T/f)
osseous labyrinth
The ____ has the appearance of a coiled snail shell.
D
The ____ maintains equilibrium between atmospheric pressure and the middle ear pressure. A. auditory tube B. eustachian tube C. inner tube D. Both A and B
cymba conchae
The _____ is the anterior extension of the helix and the anterior entrance of the concha.
tympanic membrane
The _____ marks the boundary between the outer and middle ear.
inner ear
The ______ houses the sensors for balance and hearing.
subarachnoid space
a space in the meninges beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater that contains the cerebrospinal fluid
cerumen
a waxy substance secreted by glands located throughout the external canal
auditory tube
channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx; eustachian tube
cochlear labyrinth
cochlear duct
Audition
includes all the processes involved in hearing energy transduction; transforming acoustic energy into electrochemical energy
otitis
inflammation of the ear
stapedius muscle
inserts into the posterior neck of the stapes and inserts and pulls stapes posteriorly.
B
inserts into upper manubrium malli and pulls malleus anteromedially A. stapedius muscle B. tensor tympani
speculum
instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection
umbo
knob of the malleus that shows through the tympanic membrane
cochlea, semicircular canals, vestibule, helicotrema
landmarks of the inner ear
helix
latin for coil; forms the curled margin of the pinna
Pinna
latin for feather, cartilaginous structure that aids in the localization of sound and capturing sound energy
manubrium of malleus
long process where malleus is attached to fibrous layer of TM
oval window
membrane that covers the opening between the middle ear and inner ear
swimmers ear
otitis externa
Outer ear
part of the ear, consisting of the pinna and external auditory meatus
oval window
permits communication between the scala vestibuli and the middle ear space.
round window
provides communication between the scala tympani and the middle ear space.
cymba conchae
the anterior extension of the helix marking the anterior entrance to the concha
Crura of the antihelix
the antihelix bifurcates superiorly, producing the ______.
cochlea
a coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses
cochlear duct
a fluid filled cavity within the cochlea that vibrates when sound waves strike it
membranous labyrinth
a fluid filled sac that rests within the cavity of the osseous labyrinth and its filed with endolymph
Auricular tubercle (Darwin's tubercle)
a frequently found variation of the helix, resulting in a thickened portion of the helix near the tip posteriorly
scaphoid fossa
a groove located immediately anterior to the helix, which runs down the posterior portion of the pinna
cochlear aqueduct
a small canal that interconnects the upper duct with the subarachnoid space.
otitis externa
"Swimmer's ear" Inflammation of outer ear and ear canal, can be caused with buildup of cerumen
malleus (hammer)
(also called the hammer) a tiny bone that passes vibrations from the eardrum to the anvil.
Anterior Duct
A
Anterior crus
A
Lateral malleolar process
A
Pinna
A
scaphoid fossa
A
tectorial membrane
A
antitragus
A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus. Located on the superior border of the lobe of the ear.
tensor tympani
A small skeletal muscle which limits movement of ossicles and increases tension of the tympanic membrane to prevent damage in response to loud, prolonged noises.
utricle
A small, fluid-filled sac in the vestibular system above the saccule that responds to static positions of the head.
stapes (stirrup)
A tiny U shaped bone that passes vibrations from the anvil to the cochlea.
Incus (anvil)
A tiny bone that passes vibrations from the malleus to the stapes
middle ear
At birth the ____ is adult size.
Anterior malleolar fold
B
Footplate (of stapes)
B
Malleus
B
Posterior duct
B
inner hair cell
B
Incus
C
Lateral duct
C
Pars flaccida
C
triangular fossa
C
lentricular process (of incus)
N
Malleus
Name the entire structure
Incus
Name this structure
Stapes
Name this structure
Long process (of incus)
O
Lobule (lobe)
OF THE EXTERNAL EAR The bottom most portion of the ear, the lobe, where you get ear piercings
Articular surface (of Incus)
P
Otitis Media
Pathology of middle ear that is infected fluid within middle ear causing bulging. can be acute or chronic
tuberculum supratragicum
Projection on superior surface of tragus
Short Process (of incus)
Q
acoustic reflex
The contraction of the middle ear muscles in response to an intense sound. The contraction limits the amount of sound energy passing through the middle ear, thus protecting the delicate structures in the inner ear.
1/3
The distal cartilaginous portion of the ear makes up ___ of the ear canal.
True
The ear canal is known as the external auditory meatus. (T/F)
False
The entryway to the cochlea is called the external auditory meatus. (T/F)
A
The eustachian tube is responsible for aeration of A. middle ear B. outer ear C. inner ear D. cochlea
A
The first layer of the tympanic membrane is A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer
macullae
The floor of the utricle is made up of epithelium called:
perilymph
The fluid that fills the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli of the cochlea is called
oval window
The footplate of the stapes is embedded in the ______.
antihelix
The inner rim of the ear. It starts at the superior border of the lobe and continues upward until it ends by becoming the crura. It forms the superior and posterior walls of the concha.
True
The lateral semicircular canal senses movement roughly in the transverse plane of the body.
vestibuli, scala tymbani
The osseous labyrinth is made up of two incomplete chambers;
anterior, posterior, lateral
The osseous semicircular canals are named
B
The ossicular chain is held in place by A. muscles B. ligaments C. cartilage D. faith
superior, anterior, lateral (of malleus), posterior, superior (of incus)
The ossicular chain is held in place by the _________ ligaments of the malleus and the _______ ligaments of the incus.
pinna, external auditory meatus
The outer ear is composed of the ______ and _____.
B
The point of articulation fo the incus and malleus is know as A. Stirrup joint B. saddle joint C. giddy-up joint D. You know this one girl
B
The second layer of the tympanic membrane is the: A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer
A
The semicircular canals are filled with A. endolymph B. perilymph C. Serous fluid
true
The sensory epithelium for the saccule is placed on posterior wall while the sensory epithelium is placed on the inferior floor of the utricle. (true/false)
tragus
The small, rounded, fleshy bulge that lies immediately anterior to the ear canal.
False
The stapedius muscle attaches to the malleus, while the tensor tympani muscle attaches to the stapes. (T/F)
false
The stiffening of the tympanic membrane helps with high frequency sounds (true/false)
B
The stiffening of the tympanic muscles help to protect from A. high frequency sounds B. loud low frequency sounds C. infections
Pinna
The structure that serves primarily as a sound collector.
tympanic membrane (eardrum)
The terminus of the of the EAM is the ______, the structure separating the outer and middle ear.
C
The third layer of the tympanic membrane is A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer
E
The vestibular system A. series of loopy canals B. senses position, orientation C. senses movement of head D. senses balance E. All of the above
False
There is one row of outer hair cells and three rows of inner hair cells in the organ corti. (T/F)
B
Together, the _____ transmit acoustic energy from the TM to the cochlea A. incus and malleus B. ossicular chain C. malleus, incus D. malleus, stapes
C
What are the 3 components of the Tympanic Membrane (TM)? A. Manubrium, Anvil, Umbo B. Malleus, manubrium, Incus C. Umbo, Cone of light, Manubrium D. Cone of light, incus, umbo
C
What are the components of the middle ear? A. Malleus, incus, tapes B. Malleus, pinna, stapes C. malleus, incus, stapes D. EAM, incus, pinna
C
What bone pushes on the oval window? A. Malleus B. Incus C. Stapes
B
What component of the outer ear is lined with small/fine hair and serum and is a resonating cavity that contributes to hearing? A. Pinna B. External auditory meatus C. Tympanic Membrane D.Incus
A
What fluid gets vibrated by the footplate of the stapes? A. perilymph B. endolymph C. serous fluid D. cerumen
A
What is the function of the anterior duct of semicircular canals? A. nodding B. tilting head side to side C. left/right head movement D. detect lineal acceleration
A
What is the function of the cristae within the ampulla? A. send neural signal B. detect linear acceleration C. tilting head to side D. balance
C
What is the function of the lateral semicircular canal? A. nodding B. tilting head side to side C. left/right head movement D. detect lineal acceleration
B
What is the function of the posterior semicircular canal? A. nodding B. tilting head side to side C. left/right head movement D. detect lineal acceleration
B
What kind of joint articulate the incus and malleus? a. ball and socket B. saddle joint
A
What muscle keeps the stapes taut against the oval window? A. stapedius B. tensor tympani
tensor tympani
What muscle of the middle ear is innervated by the mandibular division of CN V?
manubrium
What part of the Malleus contacts the eardrum?
A
What type of fluid is found within the scala media? A. endolymph B. perilymph C. Serous fluid
B
What type of fluid is found within the scala vestibuli and scala tympani? A. endolymph B. perilymph C. Serous fluid
A
What type of joint articulates the incus and stapes? A. Ball and socket B. Saddle joint
A
Where is the footplate of the stapes embedded? A. oval window B. round window C. promontory of the cochlea
A
Which layer of the Tympanic membrane is a continuation of the epithelium of EAM? A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer
C
Which layer of the tympanic membrane is a continuation of the epithelium of the lining of the middle ear? A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer
B
Which layer of the tympanic membrane provides structure? A. cuticular layer B. Fibrous layer C. mucous layer
C
Which of the following is NOT a function of the eustachian tube? a. drain ear b. pressure equalization c. sound amplification
C
Which of the following is false of the tympanic muscles? A. both muscles stiffen middle ear and form transmission system B. reduce transmission of acoustical information at low frequencies to protect against loud sounds C. protect against high frequency sounds found in industrial society D. None are true
B
Which portion of the ossicular chain is the intermediate link of ossicular chain? A. stapes B. incus C. malleus
B
Which structure of the ear consists of ossicles and muscles? A. outer ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. auditory pathways
B
Which structure of the ear contains the 3 smallest bones of the body which form the ossicular chain? A. outer ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. cochlea
C
Which structure of the ear is made up of the cochlea and vestibule? A. outer ear B. middle ear C. inner ear D. auditory pathways
C
Which window is the entrance to the scala tympanic of the cochlea? A. oval window B. square window C. round window D. None of the above
utricle, saccule
Within the vestibule lie the _____ and the ____.
2/3
_____ of the ear canal is housed in bone.
osseous labyrinth
bony canal of inner ear in temporal bone that is made up of vestibule, semicircular canals, osseous cochlear canal.
spiral nerve
c
Auricular hematoma
caused by physical trauma, cauliflower ear
triangular fossa
depression between the crura of the ear; the second deepest depression of the ear
cerumen
ear wax
tympanic membrane (TM)
eardrum; drum-like structure that receives sound collected in the external auditory canal and amplifies it through the middle ear
terminus
end
vestibule
entrance to the cochlea
ampulla
expanded region of the semicircular canals containing the crista ampularis.
perilymph
fluid within the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
basilar membrane
forms the floor of the scala media
Reissner's membrane
forms the upper boundary of the scala media
ossicles
three tiny bones in the middle ear
