Chapter 9 Microbial Genetics Learn Smart

Match the number of genes with the organism that carries them in its genome.

A few dozen genes - virus A few thousand genes - bacterium Tens of thousands of genes - human

Which rRNA composes ribosomal subunits?

rRNA

_______ brings the amino acids to the ribosome.

tRNA

Which is true regarding adenine and guanine?

Both are purines.

A(n) _______ is the specific sequence of 3 mRNA nucleotides that encode for a particular amino acid.

Codon

Which enzyme adds nucleoside triphosphates to a growing DNA strand?

DNA Polymerase

What is the central dogma hypothesis of genetics?

DNA encodes RNA which encodes proteins.

A RNA template is a strand of RNA made from DNA.

False

DNA polymerase converts DNA into the various types of RNA during transcription.

False

Eukaryotic chromospmes are composed of DNA and RNA

False

The phenotype is the sum of all the genes constituting an organism's distinctive genetic makeup.

False

A(n) _______ is a sequence of DNA nucleotides that code for one functional protein.

Gene

Which term represents all of the genetic information within a cell?

Genome

The purine nitrogenous bases found in RNA are adenine and _______

Guanine

Which is a purine?

Guanine

Which strand is replicated discontinuously in segments during DNA replication.

Lagging

The final sealing of nicks in a newly synthesized DNA strand is catalyzed by the enzyme _______.

Ligase

Which enzyme completes the final sealing of nicks in a newly synthesized DNA strand?

Ligase

During translation initiation the ribosome binds to the _______ RNA transcript.

Messenger

A nitrogen-containing molecule found in DNA and RNA that provides the basis for the genetic code is a(n):

Nitrogenous Base

The _______ DNA strand is the strand that is not directly used for transcription into mRNA during protein synthesis.

Nontemplate

Which is largest in terms of molecular size?

Nucleic acid

Genes are made of DNA building blocks called _______ _______.

Nucleic acids

Building blocks of DNA, called _______ contain the same sugar and phosphate, but different nitrogenous bases.

Nucleotides

Chromosomes are located in the _____ of protozoal and fungai cells.

Nucleus

Chromosomes are located in the _______ of protozoal an fungai cells.

Nucleus

Which least describes the antiparallel orientation of strands in DNA?

One strand is 5' to 3' and the other is 3' to 5'.

The expressed characteristics resulting from the interaction of the particular genetic makeup of an organism and the environment is the _______ of that organism.

Phenotype

"Finishing touches" on proteins are termed _______ modification.

Postttranslational

RNA polymerase binds to the _______ region of the DNA transcription.

Promoter

RNA polymerase binds to which region of DNA to begin transcription?

Promoter

Which is the main event of transcription elongation?

RNA polyermase joins nucleotides.

_______ _______ is the enzyme that transcribes DNA into RNA

RNA polymerase

Which is the main event of transcription initiation?

RNA polymerase binds the DNA promoter.

During semiconservative _______ the DNA strand is duplicated prior to binary fission

Replication

rRNA composes _______ subunits together with proteins.

Ribosome

The 3' end of a eukaryotic chromosome that cannot be copied is called the _______.

Telomere

_______ is the process of decoding the messenger RNA into polypeptides.

Translation

The process of shifting the ribosome down the mRNA to read new codons is termed _______.

Translocation

The term _______ is a sequence of 3 consecutive nucleotides in DNA that encodes an amino acid.

Triplet

DNA polymerase is involved in the synthesis of new DNA strands during DNA replication.

True

Within a nucleotide, the phosphate group is linked to the 5' carbon of the pentose sugar.

True

Unlike DNA, RNA contains the nitrogenous base _______.

Uracil

Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not found in DNA?

Uracil

Which type of RNA is a copy of the DNA template corresponding to a protein encoding gene?

mRNA

Select the enzymes that function in DNA replication.

-DNA polymerase -Helicase -Ligase

Which two of the following statements are correct regarding elongation?

-Replication proceeds at a rate of 750 bases per second. -DNA polymerase I removes the RNA primer used to initiate DNA synthesis.

How many replication forks are formed from opening a section of the parental DNA molecule during replication?

2

The purine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are guanine and _______

Adenine

tRNA carries _______ _______to the ribosome to build peptide chains during protein synthesis.

Amino acids

Which is the main event of translation elongation?

Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds.

Which is the function of rRNA?

Composes ribosomal subunits.

In the bacterium Escherichia coli, where is the chromosome located?

Cytoplasm

The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in RNA are uracil and _______

Cytosine

Which is the main event of transcription termination?

RNA polymerase reaches a terminator region.

During Transcription RNA polmerase synthesizes _______ from a(n) _______ template.

RNA; DNA

During transcription elongation, RNA polymerase synthesizes a strand of _______ from template _______.

RNA; DNA

The _______ of the genetic code results is several codons encoding the same amino acid.

Redundancy

During ______ DNA replication, the newly made double helices are composed of one strand from the parent template and one newly synthesized strand.

Semiconservative

What is the function of mRNA?

Serves as a transcript of a gene sequence of template DNA.

The mRNA sequence AUG, specifying the first amino acid in protein sequences, is called the _______ codon.

Start

_______ genes are DNA segments that code for proteins.

Structural

The pyrimidine nitrogenous bases found in DNA are cytosine and _______

Thymine

Which nitrogenous base is found in DNA but not found in RNA?

Thymine

In general, a strand of RNA made from DNA called an RNA _______.

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