Chapter 9- Motivating the Workforce

McGregor constructed two views of management--the traditional view, which her called _________, and a humanistic view, which he called __________

Theory X, Theory Y

Herzberg studied the relationship between __________ and __________

motivation and job-related factors

a ______ is the difference between a desired state and an actual state

need

as lower-level needs are fulfilled in Maslow's hierarchy the high-level , unmet needs become __________

the motivators

when a need is unmet, Maslow states that people will be _________ to fill it

motivated

Victor Vroom believed that the level of employee expectation of achieving an outcome has a direct effect on __________ and effort

motivation

according to equity theory, in order to restore equity or fairness of a work situation a worker may _____________

1. try to have the inputs of a worker increased 2. try to increase his/her own outputs

________ explains why people behave as they do or, at times, why people avoid doing what they should do

motivation

according to Maslow, needs that have already been satisfied no longer provide __________

motivation

according to Maslow, which need level refers to things essential to survive, such as water, food, and shelter?

physiological needs

a Theory X manager would most likely

provide constant supervision

which of the following flexible scheduling strategies involves employees working from home while connected to the workplace via computers and telephones?

telecommuting

rank Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by placing the most basic need at the bottom of the list and working your way. up so that the highest developed need is at the top of your list

1. Self-actualization needs 2. esteem needs 3. social needs 4. security needs 5. physiological needs

Theory Y

1. assumes workers will seek out responsibility 2. typically used in the United States

characteristics of a manager with a Theory Y mentality

1. encourages employees to design solutions 2. embraces employee empowerment

which of the following is a characteristic of an intrinsic reward?

1. feeling that your work contributes to society 2. personal satisfaction 3. feeling that your work contributes to the company

which of the following are organizational outcomes of high morale?

1. high employee loyalty 2. high returns to stakeholders 3. high levels of productivity

motivation is more than a tool that managers can use to foster employee loyalty and boost productivity; it is a process that affects all the relationships within an organization and influences many areas such as ____________

1. training opportunities 2. promotion 3. job design

the use of financial incentives to improve productivity is most closely related to which theory of motivation?

Classical Theory of Motivation

_________ theory states that employees look for fairness in the workplace as compared to others before deciding to perform

Equity Theory

when a worker's productivity increases regardless of the physical conditions of the workplace, this is referred to as the _________ effect

Hawthorne

viewing employees as people who like to work is considered the view point of a Theory ______ manager

Y

allowing workers to work full-time hours in fewer that five days is called

a compressed workweek

Job Enrichment

a strategy that motivates workers through characteristics of the job itself

reinforcement theory is associated with which of the following?

behavior modification

true or false: punishment is the more effective way to modify behavior in the workplace

false

according to Herzberg, a good salary would be a ___________ factor and is unlikely to motivate an employee to work harder

hygiene

job factors that cause employees to be dissatisfied when absent, but do not lead to motivation are called

hygiene factors

the rationale behind job enlargement is that jobs are more interesting and satisfying as the number of tasks performed by an individual ___________

increases

an assumption made by a Theory X manager about people is that

people have little ambition

intrinsic reward

personal satisfaction you feel when you perform well and complete goals

the original intent of the Hawthorne studies was to conduct a study to correlate physical conditions in the workplace-- such as the level of lighting-- with worker's ____________

productivity

according to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor and is NOT a hygiene factor?

recognition

job ________ involves moving workers from one task to the next to make work more interesting and motivating

rotation

job ________ is extremely useful in situations where a person is being trained for a position that requires an understanding of various units in an organization

rotation

the need to protect yourself from physical and economic harm fits the ______ need category, according to Maslow

security

the definition of flextime is

a program that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times, provided that they are at work during a specified core period

Motivation

an inner drive that directs a person's behavior toward goals

what are the outcomes of flexible scheduling plans?

1. increased job satisfaction 2. increased job productivity

which of the following are JOB DESIGN STRATEGIES used to improve employee motivation?

1. job enrichment 2. flexible scheduling 3. job rotation

Theory X

1. managers maintain a tight control over workers 2.typically used in China

why should managers be concerned with the study of human relations?

1. motivated employees achieve organizational objectives efficiently and effectively 2. effectively motivating employees keeps them engaged in their work 3. positive interpersonal relationships among employees are related to high morale and motivation in the work place

what are the most likely possible outcomes of job rotation?

1. reduced boredom 2. increased motivation

increased worker productivity during the first Hawthorne studies determined that two factors affected productivity. What are they?

1. social factors 2. psychological factors

Theory Z

1. trust and intimacy with workers allowing them to participate in decision making 2. typically used in Japan

extrinsic reward

benefits and/or recognition that you receive from someone else such as a bonus or award certificate

according to William Ouchi, Theory Z is a management philosophy that stresses

employee participation in decision-making

_______ has benefits for both companies and employees in that it increases a company's ability to recruit and retain workers and allows employees to balance work and home life by allowing them to choose their starting and ending times, as long as they are there during a specified core period

flextime

which theory states that goals act as motivators to focus employee efforts on achieving certain performance outcomes?

goal-setting theory

the Hawthorne Studies are among the major studies featured in management literature because they marked the beginning of a concern for ________ __________ in the workplace

human relations

occurs when two people do one job, often at a lower cost for salaries and benefits than one person working 8 hours a day would be paid

job sharing

motivating employees to stay engaged and committed to their work is a key responsibility of ___________

management

according to Herzberg, which of the following is a motivational factor?

recognition

esteem needs are related to _______ of self and of others

respect

A ___________ person feels that she or he is living life to its fullest in every way

self-actualized

a person's desire to be accepted by others is a reflection of their _______ needs

social

according to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, to fulfill _______ needs, a person may try to make friends with a coworker, join a group, volunteer at a hospital, and/or throw a party

social