Chapter 9,10, 13,24 review fundamentals
A 56-year-old client meets with the nurse for education about a recently diagnosed atrial fibrillation. The client verbalizes concerns about being away from work too long and doubts about the necessity of having blood tests every week, as the client has no symptoms. Which is the best motivational statement by the nurse for this client?
"The medicine and blood work can help prevent blood clots, which can lead to strokes. What do you know about warfarin therapy?
The nurse is visiting a client who was released from inpatient rehabilitation 6 weeks ago after a 5-month recovery from a motor vehicle accident that left the client immobile. As the nurse enters the home, the client braces hands on the arms of a chair to rise and uses crutches to walk across the room. What is the best response by the nurse?
"You have made an amazing recovery."
A nurse graduate applies for a job working in a hospital that achieved Magnet® status. Which conditions would this nurse expect? Select all that apply.
-Focus on positive client care outcomes -Autonomous, accountable professional nursing practice -Supportive nurse managers
A staff nurse is talking with a clinical nurse leader and asks, "What exactly do you do?" Which statement by the clinical nurse leader would be appropriate?
"I collaborate with health care teams to promote client care."
The nurse is discussing the use of the client-controlled analgesia pump with the postoperative client. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional education?
"I should not press the button more often than every 3 to 4 hours."
A nurse is obtaining a history from an adult female client. When the nurse asks how many times the client has been pregnant, the client answers, "I have four kids." Which statement, made by the nurse, seeks clarification of the original question?
"I understand you have four kids; how many times have you actually been pregnant?"
The nurse is caring for an older adult client who states the need to use the restroom. Which safety intervention must the nurse perform first?
Assess the need for assistance with ambulation.
Avoiding information contrary to one's opinion is an example of _____, an approach that leads to potential errors in clinical decision making.
Bias
Which activity is the clearest example of the evaluation step in the nursing process?
Checking the client's blood pressure 30 minutes after administering captopril
Three critical developmental areas to consider when developing a teaching plan are: the patient's physical maturation and abilities, psychosocial development, and __________ capacity
Cognitive
Which action exemplifies the purpose of evaluation in the nursing process?
Decide whether to continue, modify, or terminate client care.
A nurse administers intravenous fluids to a client diagnosed with dehydration. After the fluids are completed, the client's blood pressure is increased and pulse is decreased. During the final phase of the nursing process, what should the nurse do?
Determine whether the prescribed treatment was effective.
The nurse is coaching a client who stated a desire to stop smoking without medication. At several sessions to assess the client's success with agreed-upon interventions, the client reports barriers to each action and continues to smoke. What is the best action of the nurse?
Discuss the client's case with a colleague
A hospital client has an aggressive fungal infection in the right eye that necessitates evisceration (removal of the eye). Consequently, the client requires twice-daily packing and dressing changes to the orbit. Which of the nurse's actions in the care of this client most clearly demonstrates interpersonal skills?
Ensuring the client's privacy during dressing changes and providing an explanation during the procedure
The designated charge nurse on the telemetry unit organizes and facilitates the unit meetings, makes assignments, and performs staff evaluations. This nurse's power to lead is of which type?
Explicit power
As the nurse enters the room to teach the client about self-care at home, the client states, "I am glad you are here. I need some pain medicine. I can't stand it anymore." What is the best action of the nurse?
Have the client rate pain level, and reschedule the teaching session.
Which statement regarding critical thinking in nursing is true?
It is a systematic way of thinking
A nurse leader on a unit allows the staff to make all decisions and direct themselves, including filling out the work schedule. The nurse leader is practicing which leadership style?
Laissez-faire
The nurse is caring for a client with a nursing diagnosis of deficient fluid volume. The nurse has implemented the plan of care and on evaluation finds that the client continues to exhibit symptoms of deficient fluid volume. What should the nurse do next?
Modify the plan of care and interventions to meet the client's needs.
There are five signs of acute infection that usually appear at the site of an injury or inflammation: redness, heat, swelling, ________, and loss of function
Pain
Patient safety and transparency of information are two principles of ___________-centered care that can be used by every organization.
Person
When caring for a diabetic client, the nurse notes that the client learns better when practicing the self-administration of the insulin injection alone. In which learning domain does this client's learning style fall?
Psychomotor
When teaching a client, the nurse notices the client tends to lose focus easily. The nurse would adapt client teaching in which way?
Talk with animation and vocal inflection to stimulate the client aurally
When establishing a teaching-learning relationship with a client, it is most important for the nurse to remember that effective learning can best be achieved through which concept?
The client and the nurse are equal participants.
The case manager works in a facility that supports a participative leadership style. Which action should the nurse recognize as an example of democratic leadership style?
The interdisciplinary health care team collectively developing plans of care for clients
When the relationship between the career and the cared for is used for promoting or restoring the health and well-being of people within the relationship, it becomes a _____________relationship.
Therapeutic
Critical thinking is defined as "a systematic way to form and shape one's thinking." TRUE/FALSE
True
Health care information and directions are generally more easily understood when written at a fifth-grade reading level
True
Hypothesis formation and testing are two steps in the scientific problem-solving method used by health care professionals as they work with patients. TRUE/FALSE
True
Learning readiness, the patients' willingness to engage in the teaching-learning process, is distinguished from the patient's actual ability to learn.
True
TRUE OR FALSE: Transmission-based isolation precautions are used for patients in hospitals with suspected infection with pathogens that can be transmitted by airborne, droplet, or contact routes.
True
The cognitive processes of adolescents are similar to those of adults, thus the content and strategies of patient teaching should resemble those used for teaching adults.
True
An organism's potential to produce disease in a person depends on four factors: the number of organisms, the person's immune system, the length and intimacy of the contact between the person and the microorganism, and the organism's _____________, or ability to cause disease.
Virulence
It is important for nurses to remember that patients learn in three domains: ___________, cognitive, and psychomotor.
affective
Pedagogy, the science of teaching, generally refers to the teaching of children and adolescents, whereas ______________ refers to the study of teaching adults
andragogy
After a nurse manager implements a solution to the problem of delays in obtaining supplies, the first task for the manager is to:
assess whether the desired results have occurred.
The Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) has published the standards of care for which the nurse is responsible. The Standards of Practice are:
assessment, diagnosis, outcome identification, planning, implementation, and evaluation.
Directive or authoritarian leadership, also known as __________ leadership, involves the leader assuming control over the decisions and activities of a group.
autocratic
The nurse is discharging several clients from an acute surgical unit on the same day. The nurse will prioritize discharge teaching based on how much time is required for each client. Place the clients in order, from the client requiring the longest teaching time to the shortest teaching time. Use all options.
client who is learning to draw up and inject insulin for the first time client who indicates the live-in partner is a registered nurse client who is being discharged to a long-term care facility client who is being transferred to another unit in the hospital
Magnet® status recognizes an institution for creating an environment that supports three approaches toward nursing services: self-governance at the unit level, acknowledgment of professional autonomy, and a ______________ decision-making process.
decentralized
A nurse who transfers responsibility for the performance of an activity to another nurse, while retaining accountability for the outcome, is using the process of ____________ nursing care
delegated
The nurse is admitting a client to the unit who needs frequent airway suctioning. Which precautions will the nurse select for the client?
droplet
Patient ____________ is the process of influencing the patient's behavior to effect changes in knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to maintain and improve health
education
The nurse needs to understand the teaching-learning process when administering
educational interventions.
A nurse can delegate the initial or ongoing assessment of the patient to an unlicensed assistant as long as the primary nurse reviews the documentation within 24 hours. True or False.
false
According to Lewin's change theory, the process of initiating change after a careful process of planning is known as "unfreezing." True or False.
false
Clearly identifying patient strengths and actual and potential problems is a part of the nursing process known as assessing. TRUE/FALSE
false
Patient teaching plans, different than nursing care plans, do not need to follow the steps of the nursing proces
false
Transactional leadership theory views an organization and its members as interconnected and collaborative. True or False
false
Twentieth-century health care in the United States has finally focused more on the needs of the patient rather than on the disease process affecting the patient. TRUE/FALSE
false
TRUE OR FALSE: Viruses are the most significant and most commonly observed infection-causing agents in health care institutions.
false, bacteria are the most common
Explicit power refers to power vested in the position (e.g., unit manager), whereas __________ power refers to the power to influence as a leader.
implied
Problem solving that is ____________ refers to a direct understanding of a situation based on a background of experience, knowledge, and skill that makes expert decision making possible.
intuitive
The outcome of critical thinking or clinical reasoning is known as clinical ____________, the conclusion, decision, or opinion the nurse makes.
judgment
A leader who relinquishes power to the group in such a way that an outsider could not identify the leader is said to be practicing ________________ leadership.
laissez-faire
The process of _________ occurs when a person acquires or increases knowledge or measurably changes behavior as the result of a teaching experience.
learning
What result is the most appropriate outcome for the nursing diagnosis of Impaired Urinary Elimination? The client will:
maintain urine output of 30 mL/hr.
A nurse manager reviews an employee's contribution to the nursing division annually. This process is:
performance appraisal.
During the __________ stage of infection, early signs and symptoms of a disease are present but are often vague and nonspecific.
prodromal
The _____________ of a microorganism is the natural habitat of the organism, where growth and multiplication occur.
reservoir
Concept mapping---an instructional strategy to identify, graphically display and link key concepts---is an example of a critical-thinking approach to care planning. TRUE/FALSE
true
Democratic leadership is characterized by a sense of equality among the leader and other participants. Tru eor False.
true
Health care information and directions are generally more easily understood when written at a 5th-grade reading level.
true
TRUE OR FALSE: A health care--related infection refers to an infection that originates or takes place while in a health care facility
true
TRUE OR FALSE: A significant and disturbing infection trend continues to be the development of microorganisms, particularly Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, that are resistant to one or more classes of antibiotics (e.g., methicillin, vancomycin)
true
TRUE OR FALSE: Clostridium difficile (CDI) is responsible for an estimated 14,000 to 20,000 deaths annually in the United States and is associated with an increase in hospital stays by 2.8 to 5.5 days
true
Two nurses who are trying to resolve a conflict use the conflict resolution strategy known as compromise when both nurses agree to relinquish something of value. True or False
true
Mosquitoes, ticks, and lice, also known as _________, are carriers that transmit organisms from one host to another.
vectors