Chapter 9.4 (U.S History) "Progressivism Under Taft"

As a the Democratic Nominee, what did Wilson endorse?

a progressive platform called the "New Freedom" that demanded even stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs

Who was Richard Ballinger?

a wealthy lawyer from who disapproved of conservationist controls on western lands who Taft appointed his secretary of interior (thus angering conservationists)

What is meant by the term "old guard"?

conservative members of a group

Was Richard Ballinger a conservationist, a free-market advocate, or a preservationist?

free-market advocate who pressed for the private development of wilderness areas

Gifford Pinchot's view of conservation was what?

he believed that wilderness areas could be scientifically managed to yield public enjoyment while allowing private development

Once president, how did Taft differ from Roosevelt?

he pursued a more conservative agenda of consolidating rather than expanding Roosevelt's reforms

Who was Gifford Pinchot?

head of the U.S. Forest Service under President Roosevelt, he took a middle ground with regards to the role of government in land preservation

Was John Muir a conservationist, a free-market advocate, or a preservationist?

preservationist who advocated preserving all remaining wilderness

What eventually led to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats in 1912?

the ambivalent approach to progressive reform by William Howard Taft

What was the main difference between Wilson and Roosevelt?

while they both supported a stronger government role in economic affairs, Roosevelt was not opposed to all types of monopolies, while Wilson opposed all monopolies

William Taft was appointed what in 1921 by then president Warren G. Harding?

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Who was eventually fired by Taft for criticizing his new secretary of interior?

Gifford Pinchot

Was Gifford Pinchot a conservationist, a free-market advocate, or a preservationist?

conservationist who stood for the balanced use of natural resources, preserving some and using others for private industry.

What was Roosevelt's "New Nationalism"?

his platform under which the federal government would exert its power for "the welfare of the people."

What were two major problems that Taft faced while in office?

tariffs and conservation

What party was created in 1912 and nominated Roosevelt as its candidate for president after it broke from the Republican Party?

the Progressive Party (aka the Bull Moose Party)

What tradition did President Taft start in 1910, which is continued to this day?

throwing out the Opening Day ball at a Major League Baseball game by thenpresident

What were the circumstances surrounding the Payne-Aldrich Tariff?

1. Taft had campaigned on a platform of lowering tariffs, a staple of the progressive agenda 2. The House passed the Payne Bill, which lowered rates on imported manufactured goods 3. The Senate proposed an alternative bill, the Aldrich Bill, which made fewer cuts and increased many rates 4. Taft signed the PayneAldrich Tariff, a compromise that only moderated the high rates of the Aldrich Bill 5. Angry progressives believed Taft had abandoned progressivism

Why did Republican conservatives and progressives split over Taft's support of political boss Joseph "Uncle Joe" Cannon?

1. he was a political boss 2. he weakened or ignored progressive bills

What was the platform of the Progressive Party in 1912?

1. the direct election of senators 2. the adoption in all states of the initiative, referendum, and recall 3. advocated woman suffrage, workmen's compensation, an eight-hour workday, a minimum wage for women, a federal law against child labor, and a federal trade commission to regulate business

Who won the 1912 election?

Democrat Woodrow Wilson because of the split in the Republican Party between Taft and Roosevelt

What was the result of the 1910 midterm election?

Democrats won't the House for the first time in 18 years because of the split in the Republican Party

Who did Theodore Roosevelt handpick to run against William Jennings Bryan in 1908?

William Howard Taft, his secretary of war

Though Republicans preferred Roosevelt over Taft for the Republican nomination for president in 1912, why did Taft win it?

because he was the incumbent president