Chapters 6,8,9,10,11

Soft money was made illegal as a result of the

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act.

________ was an important Washington lobbyist who was indicted in 2005 on charges of violating federal lobbying laws.

Jack Abramoff

In 2015, Republican ________ resigned from his position as Speaker of the House.

John Boehner

During the late 1840s and early 1850s, both the Democratic and Whig parties were divided by

conflicts over slavery.

The Negotiated Rulemaking Act of 1990 was designed to

encourage administrative agencies to engage in direct and open negotiations with affected interests when developing new regulations.

According to political scientist John Aldrich, which of the following problems found in democratic governments do political parties help solve?

how to regulate the number of people seeking public office, how to mobilize voters, and how to achieve the majorities needed to accomplish legislative goals once in office

An individual's psychological attachment to one party or another is called a party

identification.

Political scientists have found that on economic issues, both the Democratic and Republican parties are

more responsive to the preferences of the upper and middle classes than the lower class.

Political party leaders are

not willing to provide financial backing to candidates who are unable to raise substantial funds on their own.

The three most important tasks accomplished at a party's national convention are nominating the party's

presidential and vice-presidential candidates, drafting the party's campaign platform, and approving changes in the rules governing party procedures.

One way that the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP) has been effective at overcoming the free-rider problem is by providing ________ benefits to its members.

selective

Third parties in the United States typically represent

social and economic interests that are disregarded by the two major parties for certain reasons.

A political party is an organization

that tries to influence the government by getting its members elected to office.

The free-rider problem occurs because

the benefits of a group's actions are broadly available and cannot be denied to nonmembers.

In 1996, Congress passed legislation that

banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

In the lobbying world, to be "Microsofted" means that a company has

become vulnerable to adverse legislation and investigation as a result of failing to lobby the federal government.

Successful interest groups quickly become

bureaucratized.

Many online organized interest groups

do not require any formal membership beyond signing up for an online newsletter or signing an online petition.

The Supreme Court's landmark decision in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010) was significant because it

dramatically increased the flow of money from interest groups, 527s, and Super PACs into politics and electoral campaigns.

Since the 1930s, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has

dramatically increased.