chem 5 : PT study guide
the element whose electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 is
Ni 28 transition metal
a chloride dissolves in water to form a colored solution. Which of the following could be the chloride?
NiCl2
rank the following in order increasing radius of S, S-2, Cl
S-2 S Cl
which particle has the largest radius? Cu+2 Cu Se Se-2
Se-2
which of the following period 3 elements has the least metallic character Si, Al, Na, Mg?
Si
which elements are malleable and good conductors of electricity?
Sn and Ag
an atom in the ground state has a stable valence electron configuration. this atom is?
Ne noble gas
as you go across (from left to right) on the periodic table, the atomic radius of each successive atom __________ because the nuclear charge _________.
1. decreases 2. increases
which group of elements in the PT contains metalloids
13 touching the zigzagged line (except Al)
the least active metal of those represented below has a electron configuration abbreviated as? 2-8-18-8-2 2-8-2 2-18-18-2 2-8-8-2
2-8-18-18-2 Cd
nuclear symbol &ion for bromine lithium oxygen aluminum
50 -1 Br 35 7 +1 Li 3 16 -2 O 8 27 +3 Al 13
which list consists of elements that have the most similar chemical properties? Mg, Al, Si K, Al, Ni Mg, Ca, Ba K, Ca, Ga
Mg, Ca and Ba because they're in the same group they have the same # of valence electrons
which of the following elements have the most similar chemical properties? Na, Ar, As & Rb?
Na & Rb same group and same valence electrons
which element in period 5 of the PT is a transition metal? Sr, Ag, Sb, Xe
Ag
which element in group 15 has the most metallic character? N, P, As or Bi?
Bi
atoms of which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius? P Si Cl S
Cl
a certain element belongs to the p-block. it exhibits only moderate conductivity, is a solid at room temp, and is not malleable or ductile. It contains 4d electrons but not 5d electrons. its chemical properties are similar to nitrogen.
Te (tellurium) - in p-block is a metalloid properties of metals and nonmetals has 4d electrons it has to be in 5th row
an atom of an element has 17 protons, 18 neutrons and 17 electrons, what is it?
a halogen Cl
elements in the ____________ family are so chemically active that they occur naturally only in compounds.
alkali metals & alkaline earth metals
The observed regularities or patterns in the properties of elements are periodic functions of their
atomic numbers (the periodic law)
element X is solid, brittle, lacks luster, does not conduct electricity, has 5 valence electrons.
phosphorus
which element has properties most like those of Magnesium? sodium calcium cesium potassium
calcium
from which of these atoms in the ground state can a valence electron be removed using the least amount of energy? oxygen nitrogen carbon chlorine
carbon
a Ca2+ ion differs from Ca atom in that the Ca2+ ion is ____ because it has _______?
smaller less electrons
an atom with the electron configuration 2-8-2 would most likely
decrease in size as it forms a positive ion Mg
compared to the atoms of nonmetals in period 3, the atoms of metals in period 3 have
fewer valence electrons
which of these elements has the highest attraction for electrons = electronegativity? oxygen nitrogen chlorine fluorine
fluorine
which group are the halogens?
group 17
in the ground state, each atom of an element has two valence electrons. this element has a lower ionization energy than calcium. where is the element located on the PT?
group 2, period 5
which general trend is found in period 3 as the elements are considered in order of increasing atomic #
increasing electronegativity
in period 4, as the elements are considered from left to right there is an increase in_________?
ionization and electronegativity
what is the property of most metals ?
loses electrons easily when bonding
which section of in the PT are the most active metals ?
lower left corner metallic character --------->increase | | | decreases
_______ &______ are liquid at room temp.
mercury & bromine
compare/contrast metals and nonmetals
metals: luster, malleable, ductile, good conductors, reactive to acid & CuCl2, low ionization, low electronegativity, form +ion (cation) nonmetals: brittle, poor conductors, high ionization, from -ion (canions)
in period 2 of the PT, which group contains the element with the highest first ionization energy?
noble gases
atoms that have high ionization energies and poor electrical conductivity are?
nonmetals
