chem 5 : PT study guide

the element whose electron configuration is 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 is

Ni 28 transition metal

a chloride dissolves in water to form a colored solution. Which of the following could be the chloride?

NiCl2

rank the following in order increasing radius of S, S-2, Cl

S-2 S Cl

which particle has the largest radius? Cu+2 Cu Se Se-2

Se-2

which of the following period 3 elements has the least metallic character Si, Al, Na, Mg?

Si

which elements are malleable and good conductors of electricity?

Sn and Ag

an atom in the ground state has a stable valence electron configuration. this atom is?

Ne noble gas

as you go across (from left to right) on the periodic table, the atomic radius of each successive atom __________ because the nuclear charge _________.

1. decreases 2. increases

which group of elements in the PT contains metalloids

13 touching the zigzagged line (except Al)

the least active metal of those represented below has a electron configuration abbreviated as? 2-8-18-8-2 2-8-2 2-18-18-2 2-8-8-2

2-8-18-18-2 Cd

nuclear symbol &ion for bromine lithium oxygen aluminum

50 -1 Br 35 7 +1 Li 3 16 -2 O 8 27 +3 Al 13

which list consists of elements that have the most similar chemical properties? Mg, Al, Si K, Al, Ni Mg, Ca, Ba K, Ca, Ga

Mg, Ca and Ba because they're in the same group they have the same # of valence electrons

which of the following elements have the most similar chemical properties? Na, Ar, As & Rb?

Na & Rb same group and same valence electrons

which element in period 5 of the PT is a transition metal? Sr, Ag, Sb, Xe

Ag

which element in group 15 has the most metallic character? N, P, As or Bi?

Bi

atoms of which of the following elements has the smallest atomic radius? P Si Cl S

Cl

a certain element belongs to the p-block. it exhibits only moderate conductivity, is a solid at room temp, and is not malleable or ductile. It contains 4d electrons but not 5d electrons. its chemical properties are similar to nitrogen.

Te (tellurium) - in p-block is a metalloid properties of metals and nonmetals has 4d electrons it has to be in 5th row

an atom of an element has 17 protons, 18 neutrons and 17 electrons, what is it?

a halogen Cl

elements in the ____________ family are so chemically active that they occur naturally only in compounds.

alkali metals & alkaline earth metals

The observed regularities or patterns in the properties of elements are periodic functions of their

atomic numbers (the periodic law)

element X is solid, brittle, lacks luster, does not conduct electricity, has 5 valence electrons.

phosphorus

which element has properties most like those of Magnesium? sodium calcium cesium potassium

calcium

from which of these atoms in the ground state can a valence electron be removed using the least amount of energy? oxygen nitrogen carbon chlorine

carbon

a Ca2+ ion differs from Ca atom in that the Ca2+ ion is ____ because it has _______?

smaller less electrons

an atom with the electron configuration 2-8-2 would most likely

decrease in size as it forms a positive ion Mg

compared to the atoms of nonmetals in period 3, the atoms of metals in period 3 have

fewer valence electrons

which of these elements has the highest attraction for electrons = electronegativity? oxygen nitrogen chlorine fluorine

fluorine

which group are the halogens?

group 17

in the ground state, each atom of an element has two valence electrons. this element has a lower ionization energy than calcium. where is the element located on the PT?

group 2, period 5

which general trend is found in period 3 as the elements are considered in order of increasing atomic #

increasing electronegativity

in period 4, as the elements are considered from left to right there is an increase in_________?

ionization and electronegativity

what is the property of most metals ?

loses electrons easily when bonding

which section of in the PT are the most active metals ?

lower left corner metallic character --------->increase | | | decreases

_______ &______ are liquid at room temp.

mercury & bromine

compare/contrast metals and nonmetals

metals: luster, malleable, ductile, good conductors, reactive to acid & CuCl2, low ionization, low electronegativity, form +ion (cation) nonmetals: brittle, poor conductors, high ionization, from -ion (canions)

in period 2 of the PT, which group contains the element with the highest first ionization energy?

noble gases

atoms that have high ionization energies and poor electrical conductivity are?

nonmetals