Chp 16 U.S. History

How did television shape public opinion in the 1960 presidential debate? A. It allowed the public to evaluate candidates' appearance and demeanor. B. It allowed both candidates to target specific groups of voters. C. It provided the main public source of information about the candidates. D. It forced the candidates to avoid making biased statements.

A. It allowed the public to evaluate candidates' appearance and demeanor.

What effect did Martin Luther King, Jr.'s "Letter from Birmingham Jail" have on the civil rights movement? A. It explained the necessity of civil rights reform and the tactic of nonviolence to obtain it. B. It denounced the disorder King saw in the campaigns of nonviolent civil rights activists. C. It generated support from white moderates for nonviolent action. D. It encouraged civil rights activists to advance the cause by any means necessary.

A. It explained the necessity of civil rights reform and the tactic of nonviolence to obtain it.

Why did the "I Have a Dream" speech have such an impact on the civil rights movement? A. It expressed the movement's goal of freedom and equality. B. It redefined the American ideals of success and achievement. C. It suggested that dreams are often unrealistic and beyond reach. D. It urged the movement to shift its focus to economic issues.

A. It expressed the movement's goal of freedom and equality.

How did American space exploration affect Americans' standard of living? A. It increased access to new technologies. B. It replaced the loss of manufacturing jobs. C. It raised the per capita income for women. D. It generated funding for social programs.

A. It increased access to new technologies.

What was the legal basis for the government's involvement in desegregating the University of Mississippi? A. James Meredith and the NAACP won a federal court case. B. The Constitution allows federal involvement in education. C. The government had sued the University of Mississippi. D. The NAACP had sued the University of Mississippi in a state court.

A. James Meredith and the NAACP won a federal court case.

Which statement summarizes how Supreme Court justices applied the principle of judicial interpretation in the Tinker v. Des Moines case? A. They expanded the definition of the right to free speech beyond the spoken word. B. They declared all state legislation restricting the right to free speech as unconstitutional. C. They established the practice of providing free legal representation to those unable to afford it. D. They determined that states violated the right to free speech by questioning suspects without a lawyer present.

A. They expanded the definition of the right to free speech beyond the spoken word.

The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s led to A. an increase in African American voter participation. B. a decrease in the number of registered minority voters. C. an increase in the number of major political parties. D. a decrease in the number of political protests.

A. an increase in African American voter participation.

Thurgood Marshall changed the course of American history because he A. showed that the "separate but equal" principle was unconstitutional. B. became a respected and influential Justice on the Supreme Court. C. headed the NAACP legal team in the 1940s. D. won a civil rights case against a law school in Texas.

A. showed that the "separate but equal" principle was unconstitutional.

Why did President Eisenhower send federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas? A. to enforce state compliance with federal laws B. to reinforce the Arkansas state National Guard C. to compel states to provide protection for minority students D. to prevent enforcement of the Brown v. Board ruling

A. to enforce state compliance with federal laws

Why did the Nixon administration establish affirmative action? A. to promote equal opportunities for blacks and whites B. to ensure the election of blacks to political office C. to establish all-black educational institutions D. to force the integration of traditionally segregated areas

A. to promote equal opportunities for blacks and whites

How did John F. Kennedy gain support from the African American community in the election of 1960? A. He appeared supportive of the civil rights movement. B. He visited Atlanta, Georgia, during a civil rights protest. C. He opposed Richard Nixon's economic policies. D. He supported the Cold War fight against communism.

A. He appeared supportive of the civil rights movement.

What effect did James Meredith's 1962 federal court case have on segregation in Mississippi? A. It forced the University of Mississippi to desegregate. B. It outlawed the use of federal forces to enforce desegregation in the states. C. It reaffirmed Mississippi's right to segregate within its own borders. D. It forced the Mississippi public school system to desegregate.

A. It forced the University of Mississippi to desegregate.

Which event caused the CORE 'freedom ride' in 1961 to become violent? A. Segregationists firebombed a bus after it departed from Anniston, Alabama. B. The President withdrew military protections placed along the bus routes. C. African American passengers attacked whites who attempted to board the bus. D. A mob attacked riders after they used white restrooms in a bus station.

A. Segregationists firebombed a bus after it departed from Anniston, Alabama.

How was Lyndon B. Johnson's 'War on Poverty' supposed to assist the poor? A. by providing training for the unemployed B. by increasing unemployment funding to the states C. by expanding opportunities for college scholarships D. by mandating an increase in the federal minimum wage

A. by providing training for the unemployed

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 allowed A. the Justice Department to prosecute anyone who violated other people's civil rights. B. the U.S. Supreme Court to reverse previous rulings that had supported segregation. C. employers to use racial quotas in the hiring process. D. state officials to determine what proportion of schools were desegregated.

A. the Justice Department to prosecute anyone who violated other people's civil rights.

Which goal was included as part of President Kennedy's 'New Frontier' agenda? A. to achieve equal pay for both females and males in some industries B. to strengthen the U.S. military C. to decrease funding for the space program D. to encourage urban to rural migration

A. to achieve equal pay for both females and males in some industries

Why has Medicare become more expensive in recent years? A. People retire earlier than they did when Medicare was implemented. B. The percent of retirees relative to workers has increased. C. The implementation of Medicaid has decreased medical costs. D. Doctors earn more than they did when Medicare was implemented.

B. The percent of retirees relative to workers has increased.

How did Rosa Parks's actions redirect the tactics of the civil rights movement? A. They encouraged violent protests in the South. B. They inspired a mass movement of direct action to create political change. C. They showed that individual acts of protest could attract the attention of the media. D. They revealed that the integration of transportation was the movement's main goal.

B. They inspired a mass movement of direct action to create political change.

In what ways did the Black Panthers represent a shift in tone and tactics for the Civil Rights movement? A. They promoted the ideal of racial equality. B. They represented a radicalization of urban youth and a new militancy. C. They supported the principle of nonviolent resistance. D. They represented a shift from economic issues to the goal of racial integration.

B. They represented a radicalization of urban youth and a new militancy.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 was intended to A. increase economic assistance to states that discontinued the use of literacy tests. B. prevent states from restricting minority groups' access to the political process. C. increase minority groups' representation in all levels of government. D. prevent minority groups from seeking passage of an affirmative action law.

B. prevent states from restricting minority groups' access to the political process.

The freedom riders targeted transportation that crossed state lines because A. they wanted to protest a recent Supreme Court decision that protected segregation in interstate travel. B. they knew that the federal government regulated interstate travel and would act to defend a recent Supreme Court decision. C. they were acting in support of Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott. D. they knew that federal marshals would be waiting at the borders of states that had refused to recognize a recent federal law.

B. they knew that the federal government regulated interstate travel and would act to defend a recent Supreme Court decision.

Why were the Kerner Commission's findings so controversial? A. It blamed all racial groups for the problems of the urban poor. B. It recommended funding federal programs to solve problems. C. It argued against expanding federal spending to solve problems. D. It proposed using some of the funds being spent on the Vietnam War.

B. It recommended funding federal programs to solve problems.

The Warren Commission was established to A. investigate the feasibility of increasing Social Security benefits. B. determine who assassinated President John F. Kennedy. C. determine if the U.S. should respond to the Soviet missiles in Cuba. D. investigate claims of unequal pay for women.

B. determine who assassinated President John F. Kennedy.

Organizers of the Freedom Summer campaign hoped to achieve A. the right to nonviolent protest in Mississippi. B. the registration of African Americans to vote in Mississippi. C. the desegregation of public schools in Arkansas. D. the elimination of Jim Crow laws in the South.

B. the registration of African Americans to vote in Mississippi.

Why did Ella Baker help form the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee? A. to organize protests against the passive policies of President Kennedy B. to expand the civil rights movement to include all African Americans C. to offer an alternative to the NAACP's legal methods of protest D. to promote equality for college-educated African Americans

B. to expand the civil rights movement to include all African Americans

How did Arkansas Governor Orval Faubus's actions in the Little Rock crisis provoke a political conflict between state and federal governments? A. He encouraged people to boycott the Montgomery bus system in Alabama, which was a state beyond his jurisdiction. B. He criticized the policies of the Eisenhower Administration for condoning racism. C. He resisted the Supreme Court's Brown decision to desegregate, which forced President Eisenhower to send federal troops. D. He tried to alter the Arkansas legal system to prevent civil rights demonstrations from occurring in the state.

C. He resisted the Supreme Court's Brown decision to desegregate, which forced President Eisenhower to send federal troops.

Why did President Kennedy refer to his domestic proposals as the "New Frontier"? A. He wanted to scale back social programs established in previous decades. B. He hoped to continue expanding the nation's borders. C. He wanted to inspire hope and optimism about the tasks that lay ahead. D. He hoped to strengthen the military to guard against domestic threats.

C. He wanted to inspire hope and optimism about the tasks that lay ahead.

How did the Hernandez v. Texas case affect the civil rights of Mexican Americans? A. It meant that they were no longer excluded from jury duty in court cases. B. It ended the practice of forcing Mexican Americans to attend segregated schools. C. It meant that they could participate more fully in the justice system. D. It showed that Mexican Americans could win a Supreme Court case.

C. It meant that they could participate more fully in the justice system.

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1957 significant? A. It minimized the Attorney General's influence in civil rights cases. B. It mandated the desegregation of all public schools. C. It provided federal protection for African-American voting rights D. It prohibited states from forcefully stopping nonviolent demonstrations.

C. It provided federal protection for African-American voting rights

Which practice was judged unconstitutional by the Brown v. Board of Education ruling? A. enforcing de facto segregation B. creating White Citizens Councils C. creating separate but equal schools D. enforcing the Southern Manifesto

C. creating separate but equal schools

The U.S. landing on the moon in 1969 helped A. encourage confidence in America's ability to solve economic problems. B. prove that NASA could put an astronaut into space flight around Earth. C. demonstrate American technological superiority in the space race. D. prevent the Soviet Union from landing on the moon.

C. demonstrate American technological superiority in the space race.

President Johnson's Medicaid program is a good example of Great Society legislation because it A. does not involve government funding. B. allows medical services to be provided by the states. C. provides basic medical services to the poor. D. grants free health care to those on social security.

C. provides basic medical services to the poor.

How did the Warren Court's ruling in Gideon v. Wainwright guarantee fair legal treatment for the poor? A. It provided the poor access to a lawyer after investigators questioned them. B. It guaranteed the equal representation of different economic backgrounds on juries. C. It required states to grant the poor access to a lawyer if one was unaffordable. D. It prevented prosecutors from using self-incriminating statements in state and federal trials.

C. It required states to grant the poor access to a lawyer if one was unaffordable.

Martin Luther King, Jr.'s Poor People's Campaign was an attempt to A. persuade militants that nonviolence was the best tactic. B. call for laws banning segregation in private businesses. C. address economic injustice. D. focus the nation's attention on voting rights laws.

C. address economic injustice.

Why did Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. advocate the use of nonviolent protest to resist segregation and oppression? A. because he thought that African Americans had used violence unsuccessfully in the past B. because he concluded that African Americans were too few in number to use violence effectively C. because he believed that protestors should act lovingly toward their oppressors D. because he feared that using violence would cause African Americans to abandon their political goals

C. because he believed that protestors should act lovingly toward their oppressors

How did President Kennedy apply John Maynard Keynes's 'new economics?' A. by increasing taxes to pay for an increase in federal expenditures, while also decreasing the federal deficit B. by decreasing federal expenditures to pay for tax cuts, without changing the federal deficit C. by increasing the federal deficit to pay for tax cuts, while also increasing federal expenditures D. by increasing taxes to pay for an increase in federal expenditures, without changing the federal deficit

C. by increasing the federal deficit to pay for tax cuts, while also increasing federal expenditures

Why do think that Barry Goldwater won the support of so many southern states during the 1964 presidential election? A. Because Johnson warned that Goldwater was an extremist. B. Because Goldwater promised more laws to expand civil rights. C. Because Johnson maintained that state governments should have more power. D. Because Goldwater believed that social issues should not be addressed by the government.

D. Because Goldwater believed that social issues should not be addressed by the government.

How did President Kennedy respond to repeated outbreaks of racially motivated violence in the early 1960s? A. He withdrew his support for major civil rights legislation to avoid angering Southern voters. B. He proposed legislation that ensured equal pay for minorities to reduce racial conflict. C. He promoted withholding federal aid as a method to force states to end segregation. D. He supported the use of the military in order to protect minority citizens' civil rights.

D. He supported the use of the military in order to protect minority citizens' civil rights.

What impact did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 have on American law? A. It banned segregation in public schools throughout the country. B. It overturned the majority decision in Brown v. Board of Education. C. It mandated that federal marshals be stationed at public institutions. D. It outlawed discrimination in employment and public accommodations.

D. It outlawed discrimination in employment and public accommodations.

How did the Twenty-Fourth Amendment affect the voting rights of African Americans? A. It prevented states from redrawing congressional districts in order to minimize African American votes. B. It prevented states from conducting literacy tests to determine voting eligibility. C. It prevented states from holding protests over African American registration. D. It prevented states from collecting a poll tax that discouraged poor African Americans from voting.

D. It prevented states from collecting a poll tax that discouraged poor African Americans from voting.

How did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 affect United States demographics? A. The nation's ethnic and racial diversity decreased. B. The nation's rural population expanded as the urban population dropped. C. The nation's wealthier classes gained more power. D. The nation's urban populations grew more diverse.

D. The nation's urban populations grew more diverse.

What impact did the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 have on American society? A. It dramatically decreased immigration rates into the United States. B. It established an immigration quota that favored Western Europeans. C. It made it easier for immigrants to establish citizenship. D. It allowed more immigrants from Asia and the Americas.

D. It allowed more immigrants from Asia and the Americas.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 authorized the federal government to A. supervise elections in all states. B. transfer oversight of voting registration to the states. C. share oversight of voting registration with the states. D. oversee voting registration and elections in certain states.

D. oversee voting registration and elections in certain states.

Civil rights activists organized the 1963 March on Washington in order to increase A. public support for providing military protection for civil rights protesters. B. pressure on the federal government to adopt an antilynching law. C. public support for the use of nonviolent methods of protest. D. pressure on Congress to pass a proposed civil rights bill.

D. pressure on Congress to pass a proposed civil rights bill.

President Truman used his executive power to enforce A. the federal protection of voting rights. B. an antidiscrimination law. C. an antilynching law. D. the desegregation of the military.

D. the desegregation of the military.

According to Stokely Carmichael, black power meant that African Americans should A. only follow the path of nonviolent protest to gain power. B. pursue racial separation in order to gain independence. C. pressure the government to pass affirmative action laws. D. use their economic and political strength to gain equality.

D. use their economic and political strength to gain equality.

16.4

Kennedy's Reforms

16.3

Success and Setbacks