Chp. 6 Skeletal System
foramen
hole in a bone where blood vessels or nerves pass
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and marrow in spinal column
occipital bone
bone that forms the back of the head and the base of the skull
periosteum
-thick white fibrous membrane covering outer surface (diaphysis) of long bones -contains sensitive nerve endings and blood vessels
haversian canals
system of canals inside compact bone with many blood vessels
manibular bone
the only movable bone of skull; jawbone
Paget's disease
A bone disease where formation and resorption of bones are both increased, leading to thickening and softening of bones (skull) and bending of weight-bearing bones; osteodystrophy deformans
cortical bone
dense, compact outer layer of bone (cortex = rind or peel)
maxillary bones
forms a portion of the hard palate
tuberosity
an elevated, broad, rounded part of bone, used for muscle or tendon attachment
sinus
an opening or cavity in a bone
greenstick (incomplete) fracture
fracture where one side is broken, other side is bent
achondroplasia
genetic disorder of cartilage formation, resulting in short stature (dwarfism)
imperfecta
genetic juvenile bone disease, sometimes known as "brittle bone disease"
compact bone
hard outer shell of bone made of dense bone tissue
sphenoid bone
bat-shaped bone that anchors several cranial bones
hyoid bone
bone where the muscles of the tongue and throat attach
frontal bones
bones that form most of the top and upper sides of the cranium
kyphosis
humpback , dowager's hump
osteoblasts
immature bone cells that make the bone tissue
crest
a distinct border or ridge
interverterbral disk
a flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
fissure
a groove or depression in a bone (sulcus)
fossa
a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone
medullary (marrow) cavity
center portion of shaft of long bone containing yellow marrow
talipes (equinovarus)
clubfoot
cancellous bone
inner layer of "spongy" bone (trabecular)
sesamoid
irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint ex. in the kneecap, hand-finger joints, & toe-foot joints
condyle
knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone
trochanter
large bony process located below the neck of femur; needed for muscle attachment
osteoclasts
large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue
scoliosis
lateral curvature of spine
epiphyseal line (epiphyseal plate)
layer of cartilage that separates diaphysis from epiphysis; does not show up on x-ray when skeletal growth is done
osteoporosis
loss of bone density; brittle (porous) bones
Ewing's sarcoma
malignant bone tumor in young adults, especially boys
osteocyte
mature bone cell
closed (simple) fracture
splintered, crushed fracture; break in bone but no open wound
lordosis
swayback or saddle back
true ribs
the 1st 7 pairs of ribs connected to verterbrae in back and sternum in front
diaphysis
the main shaftlike portion of a long bone
epiphysis
the name of each end of a long bone
vomer bone
thin, flat bone of the lower portion of the nasal septum
spine
a sharp projection from surface of a bone
fontanelle (soft spot)
a space between bones of an infant's cranium covered by a tough membrane
ossification (osteogenesis)
when tissue and cartilage turns into bone
