Chp. 6 Skeletal System

foramen

hole in a bone where blood vessels or nerves pass

osteomyelitis

inflammation of bone and marrow in spinal column

occipital bone

bone that forms the back of the head and the base of the skull

periosteum

-thick white fibrous membrane covering outer surface (diaphysis) of long bones -contains sensitive nerve endings and blood vessels

haversian canals

system of canals inside compact bone with many blood vessels

manibular bone

the only movable bone of skull; jawbone

Paget's disease

A bone disease where formation and resorption of bones are both increased, leading to thickening and softening of bones (skull) and bending of weight-bearing bones; osteodystrophy deformans

cortical bone

dense, compact outer layer of bone (cortex = rind or peel)

maxillary bones

forms a portion of the hard palate

tuberosity

an elevated, broad, rounded part of bone, used for muscle or tendon attachment

sinus

an opening or cavity in a bone

greenstick (incomplete) fracture

fracture where one side is broken, other side is bent

achondroplasia

genetic disorder of cartilage formation, resulting in short stature (dwarfism)

imperfecta

genetic juvenile bone disease, sometimes known as "brittle bone disease"

compact bone

hard outer shell of bone made of dense bone tissue

sphenoid bone

bat-shaped bone that anchors several cranial bones

hyoid bone

bone where the muscles of the tongue and throat attach

frontal bones

bones that form most of the top and upper sides of the cranium

kyphosis

humpback , dowager's hump

osteoblasts

immature bone cells that make the bone tissue

crest

a distinct border or ridge

interverterbral disk

a flat, circular, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae

fissure

a groove or depression in a bone (sulcus)

fossa

a hollow or shallow concave depression in a bone

medullary (marrow) cavity

center portion of shaft of long bone containing yellow marrow

talipes (equinovarus)

clubfoot

cancellous bone

inner layer of "spongy" bone (trabecular)

sesamoid

irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint ex. in the kneecap, hand-finger joints, & toe-foot joints

condyle

knuckle-like projection at the end of a bone

trochanter

large bony process located below the neck of femur; needed for muscle attachment

osteoclasts

large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue

scoliosis

lateral curvature of spine

epiphyseal line (epiphyseal plate)

layer of cartilage that separates diaphysis from epiphysis; does not show up on x-ray when skeletal growth is done

osteoporosis

loss of bone density; brittle (porous) bones

Ewing's sarcoma

malignant bone tumor in young adults, especially boys

osteocyte

mature bone cell

closed (simple) fracture

splintered, crushed fracture; break in bone but no open wound

lordosis

swayback or saddle back

true ribs

the 1st 7 pairs of ribs connected to verterbrae in back and sternum in front

diaphysis

the main shaftlike portion of a long bone

epiphysis

the name of each end of a long bone

vomer bone

thin, flat bone of the lower portion of the nasal septum

spine

a sharp projection from surface of a bone

fontanelle (soft spot)

a space between bones of an infant's cranium covered by a tough membrane

ossification (osteogenesis)

when tissue and cartilage turns into bone