Chpt 1: Intro to Psych

Medieval to Early Modern views

- super natural causes were blamed -The renaissance: people thought to be possessed by demons, spirits, & the devil-not physical disorders -The inquisition: float test for witchcraft -Asylums: facilities for the mentally ill

The most modern resource used for classifying & diagnosing psychological disorders is called_________

DSM-5 (diagnostic & statistic manual)

The first ancient cultures that focused on natural & physiological explanations for psychological disorders were________ &_________

Egyptians & Greeks

Which psychologist made key contributions to the study of memory, physiology, & color vison?

Helmholtz

Forensic psychology

field that blends psychology, law, and criminal justice

Who established the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany devoted to psychological research?

Wilhelm Wundt

Structures or features that perform a function that did not arise through natural selection are often called ____________

by-products

A psychologist who studies logical reasoning is likely a ___________ pyschologist

cognitive

Shamans

medicine men or women who treat people with mental problems by driving out their demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers

Which approach is mainly concerned with the impact of the immediate & larger environments on a person's personality?

socialcultural/cross-cultural

Wundt's approach, ____________, focuses on uncovering the fundamental mental components of consciousness & thinking.

structuralism

Social psychology

study of how the real or imagined presence of others influences thought, feeling, & behavior

Cognitive psychology

study of how we perceive info, how we learn & remember, how we acquire & use language, & how we solve problems

Biological psychology

study of the connections between bodily system & chemicals, & their relationship to behavior & thought

Behavioral neuroscience

study of the likes among brain, mind, & behavior

Clinical psychology

study of the treatment of mental, emotional, & behavioral disorders & ways to promote psychological health

Personality psychology

study of what makes people unique & the consistencies in people's behavior across time & situations.

The Latin term for blank slate is __________.

tabula rasa

What is psychology?

the scientific study of though & behavior

psychophysics

the study of how people psychologically perceive physical stimuli such as light & sound waves & touch

Educational psychology

the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching

Development psychology

the study of how thought & behavior change & remain stable across the life span

Health psychology

the study of the role psychological factors play in regard to health and illness

Why study psychology?

-Makes you aware of how you & people work -Can help you be more effective in various career paths -Can help you relate better to others, including family members & friends

Industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology

Applies psychological concepts and questions to work settings Industrial: focuses on selecting workers, matching employees to jobs & evaluating job performance Organizational: focuses on worker satisfaction, performance, & productivity by examining management styles & work environment

Which psychologist was largely responsible for making behaviorism the major approach in experimental psychology?

B.F. Skinner

Which researcher stated that memory is not an objective & accurate representation of events but rather a highly personal reconstruction based on one's beliefs, ideas, & point of view?

Bartlett

The ____________ perspective proposes that human thought, behavior, personality have been shaped by natural & sexual selection over millions of years.

Evolutionary

Who coined the term psychophysics?

Fechner

The psychiatrist who collected data on various kinds of psychological disorders & began developing a classification system was?

Kraeplin

Modern Views

Late 1800's -Emil Kraepelin classified different disorders -Dementia praecox was the predecessor to schizophrenia Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis - assumes the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought & behavior -Dreams are an important source of data about the unconscious mind

who was the first female president of the American Psychological Association?

Mary Whiton Calkins

Ancient views

Moved away from supernatural and toward natural and physiological explanations of psychological disorders Ancient Chinese: made connections between bodily organs & emotions Ancient Egyptians & Greeks: used narcotics to treat pain Hippocrates

Counseling psychology

Similar to clinical psychology, but may work with less severe psychological disorders

psychoanalysis

a clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior

Trephinations

a practice employed by shamans which involved drilling a small hole in a person's skull, usually less than a inch in diameter.

Introspection

a procedure used to study the structure of the mind in which subjects are asked to describe in detail what they are experiencing when they are exposed to a stimulus

Behaviorism

a school of psychology that proposed that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives.

Positive psychology

a theory of psychology that uses a scientific approach to study psychological well-being.

Moral treatment

an approach to treatment for mental illness that began in Europe during the 18th & 19th century with a focus on care in a relaxing environment

adaptations

are inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have naturally selected for because they contribute in some way to reproductive success.

Adaptations

are inherited solutions to problems our ancestors faced that have been shaped through natural selection

Sports pyschology

examines the psychological factors that affect performance & participation in sports & exercise

_____________ & positive psychologists emphasize the drive toward meaning, growth, & examine the idea that positive emotions foster psychological health & prosocial behavior.

humanistic

when you are asked to describe in as much detail as you can what you are experiencing, you are being asked to ____________.

introspect

Critical thinking

is a process by which one analyzes, evaluates, & forms ideas

Gestalt psychology

is an approach that focuses on the idea that the whole is different from the sum of its part.

According to the neuropsychological-behavioral genetic approach, behavior, thoughts, feelings, & personality are influenced by differences in basic genetic, epigenetic, & ______________

neurological systems between individuals

Sexual selection

operates when members of the opposite sex find certain traits attractive/appealing, and therefore, over long periods of time, these traits become more common in the population

Adaptations evolved to solve problems in ________ generations, not __________ ones.

past; current

Metacognitive thinking

people who are able to not only question the thoughts of others, but their own thinking as well, are illustrating

If you are _____________ you connect with many other people while being relatively nonpublic about revealing who your are.

privately public

__________ was the first scientific form of psychology. It included laboratory studies of the subjective experience of physical sensations

psychophysics

The philosophy of empiricism

the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience -17th century -John Locke (tabula rasa) -philosophy does not gather data to test ideas, psychology moves in a more scientific direction

Humanistic psychology

theory of psychology that promotes personal growth & meaning as a way of reaching one's highest potential

Mid 1900's

three developments in clinical psychology -psychotherapy -drug-treatment -criteria for diagnosing mental disorders