Circulatory System Unit Review
chambers of the heart
4
Average adult blood
4-6 quarts
What does blood transport?
CO2, O2, nutrients, heat, hormones
Pericardium
Outer covering, double layered membrane or sac
cardiac output
amount of blood pumped by left ventricle in one minute
2 upper chambers of the hearts
atria
Mitral Valve
between left atrium/left ventricle; closes when left ventricle contracts to push blood to aorta to be carried to body, prevents backflow to left atrium
Aortic Valve
between left ventricle and aorta; closes when left ventricle is finished contracting to allow flow to aorta and prevent backflow into left ventricle
location of heart
between lungs, behind sternum, above diaphragm
Tricuspid Valve
between right atrium/right ventricle prevents backflow of blood into right atrium
Pulmonary Valve
between right ventricle and pulmonary artery (pulmonary artery carried blood to lungs); keeps blood from back flowing into right ventricle
EKG
can detect disease and abnormal activity
Arteries
carry blood away from the heart
Veins
carry blood to heart
angina
chest pain
heart and blood cells
closed system
Capillaries
connect arterioles to venules
one cardiac cycle
consists of systole and diastole
From what does the heart receive oxygen and nutrients?
coronary arteries
ischmia
decreased oxygen
Eosinophils
defend the body from allergic reactions by producing antihistamines
Atrioventricular (AV Node)
electrical impulse sent to AV node located between atrium and ventricle
conductive pathways
electrical impulses originating in the heart cause cyclic contraction of cardiac muscle
3 layers of the heart
endocardium myocardium pericardium
Pericardial fluid
fills the space between the two layers and prevents friction and damage as heart contracts, lubricates
Plasma
fluid portion (90% water), many substances suspended or dissolved (vitamins, proteins, gases, wastes)
myocardial infarction
heart attack
arrhythmia
interference with normal electrical conduction pattern of heart the causes abnormal heart rhythms
inadequate bloodflow causes...
ischmia and angina
Why is blood called a tissue
it contains many kinds of cells
Aorta
largest artery
Superior and inferior vena cava
largest veins
Myocardium
muscular middle layer, the thickest
Septum
muscular middle wall that separates heart into right and left sides, prevents blood from moving between sides
heart
muscular, hollow organ that functions as a pump
Blockage of coronary arteries causes...
myocardial infarction
Sinoatrial/ SA node
pacemaker sends electrical impulse that spread out over the muscle in atria atrial muscles contract and send blood into ventricles located in right atrium
Basophils
participate in body's inflammatory response, produce histamine, cause vasodilation
diastole
period of rest (ventricle)
systole
period of ventricular contraction
Monocytes
phagocytize bacteria
Neutrophils
phagocytize bacteria by secreting an enzyme called lysozyme
Thrombocytes
platelets, formed in bone marrow, important in clotting process
hemoglobin
protein that carries oxygen, iron, and O2 gives blood red color
lymphocytes
provide immunity by producing antibodies
Why are ventricular walls thicker than atrial walls?
pumping action required of the ventricles
right atrium
receives blood as it returns from body cells
left ventricle
receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into aorta to transport to body cells
right ventricle
receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the pulmonary artery which carries blood to the lungs
Bundle of His
receives impulse from AV node located in the septum divides into right and left bundle branches
left atrium
receives oxygenated blood from the lungs
erythrocytes
red blood cells formed in bone marrow broken down in liver and spleen contain hemoglobin
cardiac cycle
right and left side of the heart work in an cyclic manner even though separated by septum
Right and Left Bundle Branch
send impulses to ventricle
arterioles
smallest branches of arteries
venules
smallest branches of veins
Endocardium
smooth inner layer of cells that lines the inside of the heart, allows for smooth flow of blood
blood cells
solid elements
Purkinje Fibers
subdivision of bundle branches network of nerve fibers throughout ventricles... causing all muscle tissue in ventricles to contract
how is blood carried
throughout body in blood vessels
function of circulatory system
transports oxygen and nutrients to body cells transports carbon dioxide and metabolic materials away from the body cells
2 lower chambers on the heart
ventricles
Leukocytes
white blood cells formed in bone marrow and lymph tissue fight infection
