CIS 101 - MOD 2

______ is a slow wireless technology used to connect devices within a radius of about 30 feet.

Bluetooth

The high speed memory allowing microprocessors to access data quickly without RAM is called the ____.

CPU cache

Most desktops have _____ instruction set computers while most handheld devices have ____ instruction set computers.

Complex (CISC); Reduced (RISC)

CPU chips with 2 rows of pins are called ____ and square microprocessors with pins in concentric squares are called ____.

DIPs (dual inline processors); LGAs (land grid arrays)

_________ is the amount of data a storage device can move per second from the storage medium to RAM.

Data transfer rate

Three possible drawbacks of using cloud storage

Discontinuation of service, Possible service outage, Increased security risk

A laptop with an Intel Core i7 microprocessor operates at a speed of 3.4 ____.

GHz.

A(n) ____ handles image data, freeing the CPU for other processing tasks

GPU

A(n) ______ handles image data, freeing the CPU for other processing tasks.

GPU

For video devices, the most common ports are VGA, DVI, _____ and Mini DisplayPort.

HDMI

______ is data that is entered into a computer. ______ is the result produced by a computer.

Input, Output

List the 2 phases and their 2 stages (and where each occurs) in the machine cycle for each instruction.

Instruction Phase: Fetch Stage (RAM to register) and Decode/Interpret Stage (Control unit) Execution Phase: Execute Stage (ALU) and Store/Increment Pointer Stage (register to RAM)

The collection of preprogrammed activities a microprocessor is hardwired to perform is called the ______. x86 processors have 100; ARM processors have 35

Instruction Set

____ is the process in which a computer executes a single instruction performed by the control unit or ALU.

Instruction cycle

The CPU component that keeps track of sequential program execution is called the _____.

Instruction pointer

_______ holds the current instruction.

Instruction register

The open source community produces ___ for desktops and servers. This family of operating systems also includes Chrome OS, and ____, which is popular for tablets and smartphones.

Linux; Android

The boot process begins with the ROM chip doing a _______, which checks all critical components and then loading a small part of the operating system called the ____ into RAM, the EEPROM checks the rest of the components and critical OS instructions are loaded.

POST (power on self test), kernel

_______ is the temporary holding area for data, application program instructions and the operating system...the microprocessors waiting room.

RAM (Random Access Memory)

The instructions for loading the operating system into RAM when a device is first turned on are stored in ______.

ROM chip

Computers also contain _____, which is a type of non-volatile memory that provides a set of "hard-wired" instructions, called the ______, that a computer uses to boot up.

ROM; bootloader

_____chips are for storing instructions that do not change (such as the list of instructions in the instruction set), and _______chips are for system configuration information that might change periodically

Read Only Memory (ROM); EEPROM (electrically erasable programmable ROM)

The 3 forms of instruction processing for a CPU are ___.

Serial, pipeline and parallel

A(n) __________ is the category for the world's fastest computers.

Super computer

The 2 main parts of a microprocessor are _____ and _____.

The control unit and the algorithm logic unit.

There are three technologies commonly used for general-purpose ports: ____

Thunderbolt, FireWire, and USB

_____ is the term for when an OS stores in other storage mediums when a program exceeds the allotted RAM and selectively exchanges data effectively gaining unlimited memory capacity.

Virtual Memory

_______ is the operating system used on desktops and ____ is the equivalent operating system for Apple computers.

Windows, Mac OS

Autonomous vehicles use sensor data as input to sense-plan- act ____ processed on an onboard computer.

algorithms

Computers run three main types of software:

application software, system software, and development tools

A _______ is a copy of one or more files that is made in case the originals become damaged.

backup

ROM chips are a critical component used during the computer's ______ process

bootstrap (or "booting")

The main circuits on the system board that carry data are called the ______.

bus

The component that holds a bit that represents data if charged its on (1) and if discharged its off (0).

capacitator

Microprocessor performance can be measured by its ____ speed.

clock

Microprocessor performance can be measured by its __________ speed which is stated in _____.

clock speed, Ghz

Computers that operate in essentially the same way and use the same software are said to be _____.

compatible

Three form factors for digital device are _____.

component, clamshell and slate

today's multi- _____ processors contain circuitry that supports parallel processing

core

Most devices include a(n) liquid _____ display. Image quality for a display device is a factor of screen size, response rate, dot _____, and resolution.

crystal; pitch

The main circuits on the system board that carry data are called the

data bus

A ______ is a bit-for-bit copy of the data from all sectors of a hard disk.

disk image

In a display device, ______ is the distance in millimeters between like-colored LEDs.

dot pitch

The ______ bus carries data from an external device to RAM.

expansion

ROM chips are sometimes called _______, because they include software instructions (i.e., hardware + relatively unchanged software)

firmware

In the computer industry, the term ____ refers to the size and dimensions of a device or components.

form factor

A(n) ____sensor measures angular velocity.

gyro

To connect additional peripherals when all USB ports are full, it is possible to use a USB ____.

hub

A disk ______ is a bit-for-bit copy of the contents of a hard disk, created as a backup in case of a hard drive failure.

image

20. A ______ has a nozzle like print head that sprays ink onto paper to form characters and graphics.

ink jet printer

Microprocessors are hard-wired to perform a limited, preprogrammed set of activities called a(n) ______.

instruction set

A(n) ______ is a set of microscopic electronic components etched onto a thin slice of semiconducting material.

integrated circuit

The most popular battery type used in today's electronic devices is __________.

lithium ion

The part of the data bus that runs between the microprocessor and RAM is called the _______ bus.

local

_____ storage technologies, such as hard disks, store data as particles oriented north or south. A hard disk drive provides multiple _____ for data storage that are sealed inside the drive case.

magnetic; platters

A(n) _____ in autonomous vehicles can be used as a compass for navigation and map displays.

magnetometer

__________ computers are large, expensive devices capable of simultaneously processing data for thousands of users.

mainframe

A special type of microprocessor, "embedded" in special-purpose devices such as appliances, is called a ______.

microcontroller

Smart appliances are controlled by integrated circuits called _____.

microcontrollers

In 1971, Intel introduced the world's first _____ called the Intel 4004.

microprocessor

Touchscreens on many digital devices have a(n) ______ coating that resists fingerprints

oleophobic

Today, _____ storage technology, such as CDs and DVDs, is used for archiving data.

optical

_____ storage technologies store data as a series of ______ on the surface of CDs, DVDs, or BDs.

optical; pits and lands

A multicore processor that executes more than one instruction at a time is referred to as a ______ processor.

parallel

The term ______ device is used for equipment such as printers, display devices, storage devices, mice, and headsets that are connected to the system unit of a computer.

peripheral

Originally called microcomputers, _________ are designed to meet the computing needs of individuals.

personal computers

A computer is a multipurpose device that accepts input, _______, stores data, and produces output, all according to the instructions of a stored program

processes data

A magnetic storage device uses a ______ head to magnetize particles that represent data.

read/write

A(n) ______ contains parts of the operating system necessary to boot your computer and diagnose system problems after a hard drive failure or software malfunction.

recovery

The ALU uses ______ to hold data that is being processed

registers

Cloud storage, such as OneDrive and iCloud, is classified as _____ storage as opposed to local storage.

remote

The two most common technologies used for touchscreen displays are _____.

resistive and capacitive

In a display device, _____ is the time it takes for one pixel to change from black to white then back to black.

response rate

In display devices the time it takes for one pixel to change from black to white and back to black is called the .

response rate

The Internet of Things is a technology that links smart _____.

sensors

A computer that is primarily used to distribute data to other computers on a network is called a(n)_____.

server

Computers used by Google and Web service providers are classified as __________.

servers

A(n) ______ uses the same storage technology as a USB flash drive but is not designed to be removable

solid state drive

Backup utilities such as File History and Time Machine use a technique called file _____ to make sure that files on two devices are the same.

synchronization

An operating system is an example of _______ software.

system

The electronic components of most digital devices are mounted on a circuit board called a ___.

system board or mother board

The term _____ refers to the part of a digital device that houses the system board.

system unit

4. Because RAM is ________, it cannot retain data in a device that is turned off.

volatile

RAM is a ______ memory used for temporary storage while a program is running.

volatile

The number of bits a microprocessor can manipulate at one time.

word size

8088, i7, and Athlon A6 are - compatible microprocessors

x86

Most desktop and laptop devices contain a microprocessor based on the ___ standard. Most tablets and smartphones contain processors based on ____ technology.

x86;ARM