CITI Training Questions
The following elements are associated with the pathogen in performing a risk assessment:
-Infectious dose -Virulence -Routes of exposure -Communicability
Which of the following is a required training topic for occupationally exposed workers?
-Use and limitations of practices that will prevent exposure -Epidemiology and symptoms of bloodborne diseases -Modes of bloodborne pathogen transmission
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
HBV vaccine is recommended for unvaccinated adults who are at risk for HBV infection.
Which dilution of hydrogen peroxide would not be a broad-spectrum and sporicidal disinfectant?
0.5%
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding laboratory-acquired infections?
Not all laboratory-acquired infections have an identified route of exposure.
Which of the following is a responsibility of the IRE?
Notification within 30 days of organizational review to the USG funding agency
According to this module, the following response best describes the number of fatalities linked to laboratory-acquired infections.
Over 200
Who is responsible for conducting the initial written risk assessment for experiments involving biohazards?
PI
Which of the following statements regarding routes of exposure to HBV is correct?
Percutaneous (through the skin) and mucous membranes (for example, splashes to the eyes, nose, and mouth) are the primary routes of exposure to HBV.
Which item is not considered PPE?
Personal identification badge
What is the best recommendation to provide personnel who have breaks in their skin but must work with biohazards?
Personnel should not work with biohazards when they have breaks in their skin.
Back-fastening gowns are generally required for which Risk Group?
3
Which of the following is not an exposure route for a biohazard in the laboratory setting?
Contact of biohazard on the hair
Which of the following is the best description of an engineering control?
A device or barrier that is designed to help separate the hazard from the operator
An emergency water eyewash station should be located in the following location when biohazards have the potential to cause splash or splatter?
Within 10 seconds of the location of potential exposure
What is the necessary time period for administration of HIV post-exposure prophylaxis?
Within 72 hours after the exposure
According to this module, high-risk biohazard exposures, including those that involve bloodborne pathogens, should be evaluated by a healthcare professional in which timeframe?
Within two hours or as soon as feasible after the exposure.
In biosafety, containment is primarily achieved through assessment and establishment of the following three protective measures:
Work Practices, Safety Equipment, and Facility Design
What is the recommended minimum temperature setting for an autoclave to inactivate biohazards, including spores, if it is operated for the appropriate contact time?
121 ºC (250 ºF)
When centrifuging biohazards, what is the recommended "wait time" before opening the centrifuge to allow aerosols to settle in the event of a spill or leak from a primary tube?
3 to 5 minutes
How many Biosafety Levels have been created to outline recommended biocontainment practices and laboratory design considerations?
4
How many different Risk Groups have been establishes for categorizing Pathogen severity and risk assessment starting point?
4
What is the recommended NIOSH height (in inches) for the top opening of wall mounted sharps containers?
52 to 56 inches
Which of the following is commonly available in a basic spill kit?
A basic spill kit consists of paper towels, household bleach, a spray bottle, biohazard bags or a sharps container, tongs for collecting broken glass or other sharps, household utility gloves, a lab coat, and full face protection
Based on the information in this module, a biohazard spill that involves release from a centrifuge to the open laboratory is considered _____
A high-risk biohazard release with significant potential for aerosol generation. Immediate evacuation from the laboratory is required.
At a minimum, centrifuges used for research with biohazards must have the following two safety features:
A solid cover lid and an interlock to prevent the centrifuge from opening during operation
Which response best identifies why a surgical mask should not be used as respiratory protection against the inhalation of biohazards or bioaerosols?
A surgical mask may not be impervious to liquids
What does each employer that has workers with occupational exposure to human blood or OPIM need to have?
A written Exposure Control Plan that identifies who is exposed and outlines protective measures.
What is in a basic biohazard spill kit?
Absorbent (such as paper towels), disinfectant, tongs, a biohazard bag, a sharps container (if applicable), and suitable personal protective equipment
Ensuring that all laboratory personnel demonstrate proficiency with procedures before allowing them to work independently with biohazards is an example of what type of control?
Administrative
Which of the following is not a time when individuals would normally need to wash their hands with soap and water?
After using a cell phone in the break room
Which of the following statements best describes decontamination in the laboratory environment?
All work surfaces must be decontaminated with an appropriate disinfectant after the completion of a procedure, when surfaces are overtly contaminated, and immediately after any spill.
In which of the following scenarios should an institution appoint a biosafety officer (BSO)?
An NIH-funded institution engages research involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules and Risk Group 3 or 4 agents.
What organizations are required to have an IRE if DURC is being considered?
Any organization that receives money from the federal government
How long should laboratory personnel scrub their hands with soap and water after handling biohazards, after removing personal protective equipment (PPE) and clothing, and before leaving the laboratory?
At least 20 seconds
How often is IRE review required to determine if the research still falls under DURC or enhanced measures are required?
At least annually
What is the current schedule for the administration of the HBV vaccination?
Currently, workers may need a two, three, or four dose series of the HBV vaccine depending on the vaccination.
According to the table on BSL's, HEPA filters for exhaust air are absolutely required at which BSL?
BSL4
In a research or cell culture lab where no animals are in use, what is the best recommendation regarding sharps based on safe sharps work practices?
Eliminate all sharps and use plastic alternatives wherever feasible
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the range of engineering controls used for protection against biohazards?
Engineering controls can be sophisticated devices (such as biological safety cabinets [BSCs]) and very simple devices (such as bench shields or biohazard waste receptacles).
Which of the following is a recommended practice for sharps containers?
Do not allow sharps to overfill, Should be positioned in a location that permits immediate disposal, Replace when they are two-thirds to three-quarters full
Which of the following is a recommendation to follow when using a biological safety cabinet (BSC) to promote safe operation?
Do not block the front or rear grilles while the BSC is in operation
Based on the information provided in this module, what is the best response for dealing with a spill contained within a biosafety cabinet?
Do not evacuate the laboratory. Disinfect or replace outer gloves and laboratory coat sleeves if contaminated. Initiate the decontamination of contaminated surfaces and any contaminated items within the biosafety cabinet and allow at least ten minutes of disinfectant contact time.
Which of the following is not part of periodic health screening for workers handling biohazards?
Document that researchers have an active life insurance policy
Which of the following is an institutional responsibility when an institution receives funding from the NIH for research with recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules?
Establish an Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBC)
A formal risk assessment is NOT required if researchers will wear personal protective equipment consisting of gloves, a lab coat, and safety glasses.
False
For biohazard experiments, hands-on training is not required provided researchers have successfully completed their formal biosafety training classes.
False
How long do employers need to keep the records for OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard training?
For at least 3 years
According to this module, which statement regarding exposures in the laboratory to biohazards is accurate?
Have led to secondary infections of those who don't work inside the laboratory.
Which is the best step to follow in the immediate aftermath of an occupational exposure incident to the eyes, nose, or mouth involving human blood or OPIM?
Immediately wash the exposed area with soap and water (or use an eye wash for 15 minutes) and then seek medical follow-up at the designated emergency healthcare location.
Nanotechnology has rapidly accelerated the development of new materials with diverse and beneficial applications in the field of nanomedicine. Which of the following is a direct benefit of nanomedicine?
Improvements in cancer detection, drug delivery, and imaging
Which of the following statements regarding laboratory-acquired infections is true?
In one major study of laboratory-acquired infections, 80 percent of the laboratory-acquired infections had an unknown route of exposure.
What is a potential route of exposure to nanomaterials in the workplace?
Inhalation, Skin Absorption, and Ingestion
A clean bench is not recommended for containment of biohazards because ________
It directs clean air across the work surface, then pushes air from inside the bench to outside and directly at the operator
Which of the following best describes the required color and configuration of the universal biohazard symbol?
Labels should be fluorescent orange-red with lettering and symbols in a contrasting color.
The universal biohazard symbol should be placed on which of the following items to indicate the presence of a potential risk?
Laboratory equipment housing biohazards (incubators and freezers)
Which of the following is appropriate for the decontamination of liquid biomedical waste?
Liquid biohazardous waste can be decontaminated with household bleach diluted to a final concentration of at least 10 percent against the volume of waste that will be treated for at least 30 minutes.
When centrifuging biohazards, it is recommended that the safety buckets and sealed rotors be:
Loaded and unloaded within the biosafety cabinet
An effective mechanism to ensure that a risk assessment is conducted is:
Mandatory Biohazard Protocol Registration
Which of the following is a reason that "mark to mark" pipettes have helped with biocontainment?
Mark to mark pipettes allow the precision delivery of the required volume of liquids and minimize the need to forcibly expel all the liquids from a pipette, which is associated with the formation of aerosols.
What type container requires a label with the universal biohazard symbol?
Medical waste, Infectious Waste, Transport containers
Which of the following is accurate regarding the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's (NIOSH) exposure limits for nanomaterials?
NIOSH provides recommended occupational exposure limits for carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibres, silver nanoparticles, and titanium dioxide
Based on safe sharps work practices, which of the following is not a recommendation?
Needle boxes or sharps containers can be filled to capacity or overfilled before disposal
Which answer is correct regarding sharps containers?
Needle boxes or sharps containers must be located in the immediate vicinity of use and never be allowed to overfill.
Which statement is a good work practice regarding needles and syringes?
Needles and syringes should never be recapped by hand and must be discarded directly into a sharps container or needle box located in the immediate work area.
If an institution conducts research involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules involving exotic plants, or plants that may threaten an ecosystem, the IBC must have members or ad hoc consultants with expertise in which of the following?
Plant, plant pathogen, or plant pest containment principles
When dealing with scalpels, which of the following is not recommended based on safe sharps work practices?
Remove used scalpel blades from scalpels by hand
Which of the following statements regarding laboratory-acquired infections is not true?
Researchers handling human pathogens have never been infected with an agent as a result of an exposure in the laboratory
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Reusable sharps must be placed in a labeled, rigid container containing disinfectant or in a rigid container for reprocessing to protect handlers until they are decontaminated.
If the PI does not agree with the IRE findings they can request:
Review by the USG
Which Risk Group is associated with biological materials that pose little or no risk to healthy adults?
Risk Group 1
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a human pathogen with an inhalation route of exposure, a low infectious dose and is capable of causing severe disease, including death, is representative of which Risk Group?
Risk Group 3
Based on the information in this module, respirators are generally recommended for laboratory personnel handling biohazards classified at which Risk Group?
Risk Group 3 or 4
Experiments involving recombinant or synthetic nucleic acid molecules that do not pose a significant risk to health or the environment fall under which category of experiments in the NIH Guidelines?
Section III-F
Which of the following is a component of a medical surveillance program?
Serum storage, counseling, and immunizations
Which of the following is the best location for the placement of a sharps container?
Sharps containers shall be placed in the immediate vicinity of use to permit prompt disposal of a used sharp
Which of the following is a true statement regarding engineering controls?
Sharps containers, biohazard bags, tongs, gauze pads, bench top shields, sealed tubes, and centrifuge safety buckets are all examples of other engineering controls that are available for worker protection.
Which of the following reflects the primary routes of exposure to bloodborne pathogens?
Skin or mucous membranes of eyes, nose, or mouth
Which response is not associated with the successful use of a liquid disinfectant for the inactivation of a biohazard?
Slow exhaust time setting
Which statement best reflects the introduction of a new safe sharps device into use?
Staff must have a chance to practice using the device under safe non-hazardous conditions
Which of the following statements is accurate regarding U.S. biohazard regulations?
The OSHA General Duty Clause (Section 5A1) can be applied to biohazards in the research laboratory.
Which of the factors is more related to biohazard risk assessment than the others?
The Pathogen and its risk classification
Which of the following is not accurate regarding the response to an exposure incident involving human blood or OPIM?
The employer must ensure that the exposed employee receives an annual medical physical exam
What is the central focus of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?
The standard discusses a framework to minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens (such as HIV, HBV, and HCV) that could be present in human blood, tissues, and body fluids.
Which of the following is not a component of a medical surveillance program?
The use of a biological safety cabinet to ensure sterility of research materials
Which of the following reflects an appropriate response to a spill involving human material and broken glass?
The worker must use a set of tongs or another device to collect the contaminated sharps.
Why should biomedical laboratories develop and follow SOPs as a part of their hazard control strategy?
They help personnel prevent exposures
In a study discussed in this module, what did personnel frequently do while handling human pathogens?
Touched their eyes, nose, or mouth
Workers with occupational exposure to human blood, body fluids, and OPIM need training. Which of the following statements is correct regarding training for workers?
Training is required for occupationally exposed workers prior to the initiation of work involving exposure and annually within 365 days of the previous training.
Shakers, homogenizers, sonicators, blenders, centrifuges and cell sorters are examples of equipment that may create an aerosol risk if used with biohazards.
True
The generation of biosafety level (BSL) 1 transgenic rodents via breeding is exempt from the NIH Guidelines if certain criteria are met.
True
Certain types of engineered nanoparticles may be hazardous, so proper engineering controls and other precautions are required. For example, certain types of nanoparticles can penetrate the skin while performing laboratory activities. Which of the following is a way to prevent skin penetration?
Tyvek type coveralls and impervious gloves
For research to qualify as potential DURC, the PI and IRE must perform an initial assessment on which of the following?
Use of a listed agent or toxin that may result in one or more of the seven experiments of concern
Which of the following would be considered good practice for cleaning up large pieces of contaminated glass in a laboratory biohazard spill?
Wear gloves, a lab coat, and face protection; use a dust pan and tongs
Which of the following would not be considered a best practice related to the use of PPE based on the information provided in this module?
Wear personal eyeglasses to protect facial mucous membranes when handling hazardous liquids on the open bench in the laboratory.
When conducting a risk assessment of a pathogen, the strain (i.e. bovis) of the organism is not essential, Genus alone (i.e. Mycobacterium) is sufficient to complete the review.
false
Centrifuge containment controls include aerosol canisters, safety buckets with gasketed lids, and rotors sealed with O-Rings for the containment of potentially biohazardous aerosols.
true
Paper towels can be used as an engineering control during biohazard spill clean-up situations by using to cover the spill and pouring disinfectant through the paper towels and into the spill to minimize aerosol formation.
true
Potential risk to the community or those outside the laboratory is part of the formal risk assessment.
true
Which of the following procedures is associated with the generation of biohazardous aerosols?
vortexing