Psych Cognition

________ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgment, language, and memory.

Cognition

What is the confirmation bias?

Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs

Which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

Functional fixedness

________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences.

Concepts

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

Confirmation

Gonzalo is attempting to open his car door using the auto lock button on his keychain. He pushes the button twice, but his car door does not open. He continues to push the button even though it is likely that the auto lock feature has stopped working, and he will need to open the door manually with his key. This illustrates a ________.

Mental set

Knowing what a rainbow looks like because you have seen a rainbow is an example of a(n) ________ concept.

Natural

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

Role

Which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

Semantics

________ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics.

Artificial

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

Hindsight bias

Knowing what a dinosaur is because you looked through a book with pictures of dinosaurs and watched the film Jurassic Park is an example of a natural concept that was developed through ________ experience.

Indirect

Which term refers to the vocabulary of a language, or the words contained within that language?

Lexicon

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) ________.

Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

A ________ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning.

Morpheme

A(an) ________ is a basic sound unit of a given language.

Phoneme

Illnesses such as diabetes and cancer kill more than twice the number of Americans than murder or car accidents. However, Zale sees car accidents as more dangerous because he often hears about car accident fatalities on the nightly news, and he doesn't know anyone with diabetes or cancer. Therefore, Zale takes more precautions against car accidents. This exemplifies ________.

The availability heuristic