CJ-400 Homeland Security Operations FINAL
What is the State and Homeland Security Program (SHSP)? (Ch-7)
A U.S.-DHS program that provides funds to state and local governments for help in planning, equipping, and training, as well as exercise activities intended to improve their ability to prepare for, prevent, and respond to terrorists attacks and other disasters.
What is a Complex Humanitarian Emergencies (CHEs)? (Ch-8)
A country or region is at or near complete breakdown of civil authority, something occasionally resulting from a major natural disaster. Can involve ethnic conflict, displacement of population groups, market collapse, or mass starvation. Coordination is extremely important as these often coincide with natural disasters.
What are Mutual Aid Agreements? (Ch-6)
Agreements between agencies or government jurisdictions to assist one another on request by making available personnel, equipment, and expertise in a specified manner (EMAC) in all states.
What is Terrorism-Consequence Management? (Ch-7)
All government activities undertaken to address the effects of aftermath of a terrorist-caused disaster or emergency.
What are National Special Security Events (NSSEs)? (Ch-4)
Designated by the president and/or secretary of the DHS; usually encompass any high-profile, large-scale event believed vulnerable to terror attack.
T/F: America has a highly centralized federal system. (Ch-6).
False. Highly Decentralized.
What is the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)? (Ch-7)
Formed in 1802, it manages an enormous amount of public infrastructure inside the U.S.. The Corps' role in responding to natural disaster emerged in matters of flood control after the civil war. In the 20th century, the Corps became the lead federal food control agency. Became a major provider of hydro-electric energy and water impoundment recreation areas.
What is the National Terrorism Advisory System (NTAS)? (Ch-7)
Replaced HSAS in 2011, alerts in two categories: (1) Imminent Threat Alert, which warns of credible, specific, and impending terrorist. (2) Elevated Threat Alert, which warns of a credible terrorist threat. The secretary of the DHS decides whether an NTAS alert should be posted.
How many federal regions is FEMA divided into? (Ch-6)
Ten federal regions.
What is Territorial Sovereignty? (Ch-8)
The internationally recognized principle that a government should be the ultimate authority within the boundaries of its jurisdiction and should be free of unwanted external interference. A principle embedded in the original charter of the United Nations that promises each member nation that the UN will respect each member state's national Territorial Sovereignty.
What is FEMA's job? (Ch-6)
The job of FEMA is to plan, prepare, and respond to disasters in a way that functionally coordinates the provision of federal resources, human-power, and equipment possessed by "other" federal agencies.
T/F: Emergency management in the U.S. is massively affected by the military. (Ch-7)
True
What are Voluntary Agencies (VOLAGs)? (Ch-6)
Voluntary nonprofit organizations, community service groups, and religious organizations that provide assistance in the aftermath of a disaster or emergency. They often provide the bulk of mass care services.
What are 9 states that overlap emergency Management and Homeland Security? (Ch-7)
- Alabama - Arizona - Idaho - Kentucky - Maryland - Maine - Minnesota - Missouri - Montana
The National Preparedness Goal aims to create "Capability based" planning... what are the three components to this? (Ch-7)
-National Planning Scenario -Universal Task List -Target Capabilities List
How many times have federal forces been used to enforce laws under the authority of the U.S. Constitution over the past 200 years? (Ch-7)
175 Times.
How many member states are apart of the UN? (Ch-8)
193.
How any Major Disaster Declarations have occurred since 1953? (Ch-4)
2,122 (as of June 2013)
What are Community Emergency Response Teams (CERTs)? (Ch-6)
A FEMA backed effort pursued on the local level in participating communities. CERTs members are unpaid, voluntary workers who are invited to earn qualifications for various types of post disaster specializations.
HSPD-1 defined terrorism preparedness as... (Ch-7)
A critical national security function.
What is the U.S. Coast Guard? (Ch-7)
A military organization that since 2003 has been a part of the U.S. DHS. For many years the U.S. Coast Guard has behaved as a federal emergency management organization but one with an on-the-water focus. Almost entirely funded and equipped by the federal government
What is the Incident Command System (ICS)? (Ch-6)
A standardized, all-hazards incident management system required by the DHS. A Key component under the NIMS under the HSPD-5. Designed to integrate resources to effectively attack a common problem. This is a core component of the NIMS.
What is Martial Law? (Ch-7)
A temporary rule by military authority imposed upon a civilian population in time of war or when civil authority is unable to maintain public safety. It is a last resort of desperation in the U.S.
What is the Homeland Security Advisory System (HSAS)? (Ch-7)
A threat based, color-coded, 5-tired system used to communicate to the American public and safety officials the status of terrorist threat to the nation. Replaced by NTAS in 2011.
What is the Bureau of Political-Military affairs? (Ch-8)
An agency within the U.S. Department of State that bridges with the U.S. DoD.
Define Catastrophic Incidents. (Ch-4)
Any Natural or man-made incident, including terrorism, that results in extraordinary levels of mass damage. Could result in sustained national impacts over a prolonged period of time. Significantly interrupts governmental operations to an extent that national security could be threatened.
Define a Major Disaster. (Ch-4)
Any natural catastrophe in any part of the U.S. that, in determination of the president, cause damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant MAJOR DISASTER ASSISTANCE under the Stafford Act to supplement the efforts of all bodies of emergency management.
Where do Presidential authorization of emergency powers come from in the constitution? (Ch-4)
Article 2 Section 2 & 3
Where does the POTUS get his authorization to ask the defense secretary to deploy the military in civilian matters (three places)? (Ch-7)
Article 4, Section 4 of the U.S. Constitution, The Civil Defense Act of 1950, and the National Emergencies Act of 2002.
What's the main take away from the Sandy Recovery Improvement Act of 2013? (Ch-4)
Authorized chief executives of a tribal government to directly request disaster or emergency declarations from the president. Essentially made tribal government and state governments equivalent in this aspect.
What is the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI)? (Ch-7)
Authorized in 2005 to facilitate rapid response in the Nation's 50 largest cities to attacks from Weapons of Mass Destruction. Funding allotments are determined by a formula that combines threat estimates, critical assets within the urban area, and population density.
The UN officials do note use the word "Victim" in their international humanitarian operations. What do they call them? (Ch-8)
Beneficiaries, recipients of aid, or disaster affected people/communities/individuals.
What are Emergency Supplementals? (Ch-4)
Congressional appropriations used to pay for mega-disasters or catastrophes that have swallowed up all or most available spending authority in the president's Disaster Relief Fund. Legislator often add riders (Small bills attached to the large supplemental) that usually wouldn't win majority votes in congress. This sometimes results in wasteful spending.
What is a White House Package? (Ch-4)
Contains documents prepared for the President's action on a governor's request. includes documents and statistics about emergency declarations and damages/contributions/funds/ and a recommended course of action from the president.
For Katrina, the NRP established that the ___________ was the coordinator of all offers of international assistance. (Ch-8)
Department of State
What is the Metropolitan Medical Response System (MMRS)? (Ch-7)
Developed after the 1995 OKC bombing, ensures big city police and fire departments had the training and equipment to care for victims of a mass casualty event caused by CBRNE. Resides in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
What is the Emergency Management Institute? (Ch-6)
Developed an online independent study course to help emergency managers and others gain familiarity with the National Response Framework.
What is the CARVER Technique and what does it stand for? (Ch-7)
Developed by the military, it is a time management technique designed to evaluate the nation's critical infrastructure and has been used by federal agencies and various local governments since 2005. Developed by DoD, stands for: -Criticality -Accessibility -Recoverability -Vulnerability -Effect -Recognizability
What are Disaster Assistance Response Teams (DARTs)? (Ch-8)
Dispatched by OFDA, a DART assesses the scope of damage, proposes a strategy, and estimates how much assistance is required and what it will cost. Provides logistical support to and coordinates the efforts of all actors and responders involved.
What is U.S. Northern Command (USNORTHCOM)? (Ch-7)
Established by the DoD in 2002, coordinates the defense support the military provides to civil authorities. Mission is to help prevent terrorist attacks on the homeland by militarily defeating attacks by foreigners and aiding response to Weapons of Mass Destruction. May provide civil support but cannot become directly involved in law enforcement.
What did the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878 do? (Ch-7)
Established clear boundaries regarding the role the military could play in civil law enforcement. the aim was to ensure that the military would not assume police powers exempted from civilian control. Passed during the reconstruction post civil-war era.
How do Public Assistance Programs figure out if an area qualifies for federal aid? (Ch-4)
FEMA examines the estimated cost of assistance,using such factors as the cost of per capital within the state. The national average today is ~ $1.37 per unit of area.
What is the Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance (OFDA)? (Ch-8)
Facilitates and coordinates U.S. emergency response overseas. Part of USAID, OFDA is divided into 4 units: Operations Support Division; Program Support Division; Disaster Response Division; Prevention, Mitigation, Preparedness, and Planning Division. OFDA is authorized to respond to all natural disasters and man-made disasters. Offers training and mitigation to other nations.
T/F: disaster management in the U.S. has almost always been referred to as "Top-Down". (Ch-7)
False, Disaster management in the U.S. has almost always been referred to as "bottom-up": Local emergency management address things first, then state, and then federal government as a "last resort" assistance.
T/F: Future disasters will be smaller and less destructive because of climate change and environmental degradation. (Ch-8)
False, Future disasters will be LARGER and MORE destructive because of climate change and environmental degradation.
T/F: The U.S. Trust and commonwealth territories are not eligible to request and receive presidential declarations of major disaster and emergency.
False, The U.S. Trust and commonwealth territories ARE eligible to request and receive presidential declarations of major disaster and emergency.
T/F: The troops of the Coast Guard and National Guard cannot preform law enforcement functions under a state's laws, but can preform criminal law when they are federalized.
False, The troops of the CG and the NG CAN perform law enforcement functions under a state's laws, but CANNOT preform criminal law when they are federalized.
T/F: Government contractors are historically the most responsive to tax payers in disaster response. (Ch-6)
False, have been accused of being unresponsive to tax payers or have been prosecuted for fraud and corruption.
T/F: There isn't overlap and interdependence of American governmental jurisdictions. (Ch-6)
False. There is a tremendous degree of overlap.
Define Marginal Disasters. (Ch-4)
Far less than catastrophic, these are not matters of national security. These are near or within the response and recovery capacity of the states or states in which they occur.
How was the CARVER Technique used by the Urban Area Security Initiative (UASI)? (Ch-7)
Federal agencies used this to estimate threat ion the early days of the UASI program to identify critical confidential sites.
What is a Top-Down command and control system? (Ch-6)
Federal officials get to assume top-down leadership positions, and state and local authorities are expected to submit to their direction.
What is Halliburton? (Ch-6)
Founded in 1919, Halliburton is one of the world's largest providers of products and services to the petroleum and energy industries. Has many government contracts with the military. Has expanded its services into disaster relief.
What is the Office of Peacekeeping and Humanitarian Affairs? (Ch-8)
Has the job of leading or coordinating the U.S. military response to disasters beyond U.S. borders and resides in the U.S. DoD.
What is supposed to be the foundation of the National Emergency Management System? (Ch-6)
Hazard mitigation.
What agency is in charge of oversight of NSSEs, What agency is in charge of Intel/criminal operations for NSSEs, and What agency is in charge of recovery management? (Ch-4)
Head of NSSEs = The Secret Service Intel/Criminal operatons = The FBI Recovery Management = FEMA
Define Bureaucratic "Turf Wars"? (Ch-6)
Heavy competition for jurisdiction and budget funding among government bureaus and agencies-- even those within the same department of the executive branch.
What did Hurricane Katrina do for national disaster response? (Ch-7)
Highlighted the importance of the military in disasters.
What is Home Rule? (Ch-6)
Involves the authority of a local government to prevent state government intervention with its operations. The extent of its power, however, is subject to limitations prescribed by state constitutions.
What did The Federal Disaster Relief Act of 1950 do? (Ch-4)
It clearly stated for the first time that federal resources could be used to supplement the efforts of others in the event of a disaster.
What are "Gap" Group Clients? (Ch-6)
Low income individuals that are not poor enough to historically receive federal assistance.
What are the three categories that disasters can be labeled as? (Ch-8)
Natural disasters, Technological disasters, or Complex Humanitarian Emergencies (CHEs).
What are the two categories that FEMA funding is categorized by? (Ch-6)
One pre-disaster and one post-disaster.
What are Emergent Organizations? (Ch-6)
Organizations that form spontaneously after a disaster, often from the efforts of volunteers. Some become long-standing established bodies.
What are Emergency-Management-Oriented Multinational organizations? (Ch-8)
Organizations working independently or through multi-state arrangements that promote emergency management work and capabilities in developing nations. Examples are NATO.
What do Public Assistance Programs (FEMA) do? (Ch-4)
Provide grants to state and local governments and certain nonprofit entities to assist the with the response and recovery from disasters. It is one of two major post-disaster assistance programs of FEMA.
What do Non-Profit Voluntary Organizations do? (Ch-6)
Provide service to a community free of charge or for minimal cost.
What do Humanitarian Assistance Survey Teams do? (Ch-8)
Sent to evaluate the needs on the ground to ensure that the intervention is proceeding effectively. An instrument of the U.S. DoD and is used in circumstances of foreign disaster relief aid.
What is the Law Enforcement Terrorism-Prevention Program (LETPP)? (Ch-7)
Supports law enforcement communities in their efforts to detect, deter, disrupt, and prevent acts of terrorism. Employs fusion centers, Pulls local law enforcement into the counter terrorism business.
What agency has been entrusted the overall tasks of federal disaster response? (Ch-7)
The DHS and FEMA
What three Acts justify and provide an all-hazards approach to domestic incident management for the federal level? (Ch-4)
The Homeland Security Act of 2002 HSPD-5 Stafford Act
In many developing nations the chief governmental arm of disaster response is the _____. (Ch-8)
The Military
What is the National Guard? (Ch-7)
The National Guard is composed of the Army national guard, the Air national guard, and reservists called up to serve. National Guard personnel are commanded in each state by the state's governor unless the guard is mobilized for federal duty by the president. National Guard is almost entirely funded and equipped by the federal government. National Guard troops can preform law enforcement functions under a state's laws but can not enforce criminal law when they are federalized.
What domestic terrorist attack expanded the military's role in responding to terrorist attacks employing Weapons of Mass Destruction? (Ch-7)
The OKC Federal Murrah building bombing. Increased again post 9/11.
Who is the FEMA director usually appointed by? (Ch-4)
The POTUS
Some states governments require that their emergency management agency report daily to the State Adjutant General, what is that? (Ch-7)
The State Adjutant General is a military officer in charge of the National Guard in one of the U.S. States.
Target Capability is the ability of a government.... (Ch-7)
The ability of a government jurisdiction to prevent, or respond to, a range of different types of terrorist attacks.
What are Presidential Emergency Powers? (Ch-4)
The actions that the president may exercise in extraordinary circumstances (Rebellion, Epidemic, National Labor Strikes, Disaster).
What are Buyout Programs? (Ch-4)
The direct government purchase of houses or other structures from owners on account of extremely high disaster risk or repeated damage to the structures by the same disaster agent. Buyouts help stanch the problem of recurring national flood insurance loss claims and to reduce government post-disaster spending.
What are Intergovernmental relations? (Ch-6)
The interaction of federal, state, and local officials and officials of the private and nonprofit sectors, as they collectively implement public policy.
Define Globalizing Forces. (Ch-8)
The massive movement of individuals, capital, goods, information, and technologies across borders, which bonds developing nations to new and old industrialized nations. Disasters and this interdependence combine to produce negative, destabilizing effects in many developing nations.
What is a Bottom-Up approach? (Ch-6)
The primary responsibility for emergency management lies with local political sub-divisions and the local officials and emergency managers or responders within those respective jurisdictions.
What are the U.S. forces involved in humanitarian assistance missions limited by on foreign soil? (Ch-8)
The principles of force protection and rules of engagement.
How many Fusion Centers are there and what are they? (Ch-7)
There are now 78 fusion centers that allow federal, state and local public safety agencies to collaborate effectively in situations.
What do Preliminary Damage Assessments (PDAs) do? (Ch-4)
They conduct an initial assessment to estimate the degree of damage and potential costs resulting from a disaster. the information is used by FEMA and the president to determine whether a declaration will be issued.
What are some examples of the military being used in civilian matters? (Ch-7)
To transport victims and medical supplies, provide shelter and mass feeding operations, to reopen roads and highways clogged by disaster debris, and to engage in emergency repair of infrastructure.
T/F: Each president makes declaration decisions on a case-by-case basis. (Ch-4)
True
T/F: Civilian officials, including FEMA workers, are prohibited by federal law from taking dangerous personal risks in disaster response. (Ch-7)
True.
T/F: DHS-FEMA cannot actually "command" state and local officials in matters of emergency management? (Ch-6)
True.
T/F: Failed states often prove incapable of stanching the spread of radicalism, terrorism, and anti-democratic movements. (Ch-8)
True.
T/F: Humanitarian Emergencies go through Department of State and Secretary of State. (Ch-8)
True.
T/F: Many presidential and DHS initiatives in the "Homeland Security era" have reintroduced top-down leadership for federal officials. (Ch-6)
True.
T/F: Politically important areas to the President have relatively higher rates of disaster declaration request approvals than other states? (Ch-4)
True.
T/F: Post 9/11 atmosphere has created disaster policy that has become very much "Top-down", president dominated and federal government dominated. (Ch-7)
True.
T/F: The DHS says the ICS is the standard method for addressing all incidents.
True.
T/F: The U.S. is there to spread democracy and buy you food. (Ch-8)
True.
What is the lead agency in the NRF for ESF-3: Public Works and Engineering? (Ch-7)
USACE: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
What does the National Guard do when not on active duty? (Ch-7)
Units remain on call to support the governors of their respective states.
What is Crying Poor Syndrome? (Ch-6)
When leaders "cry poor" after relatively small-scale disasters by insisting that their respective jurisdictions are unable to respond to or recover from the "disaster" without the federal help a disaster declaration would provide.
Do Presidents ever turn down governor request for major disaster aid? (Ch-4)
Yes, regularly.