Grammar Test Part2
Use the currency sign with no decimals for whole numbers or use decimal expression (parallelism)
$20 or $21.50
cordinating conjunctions
(FANBOYS) for, and, not, nor, but, or, yet, so
Time use whole number or numbers (parallelism)
11 a.m. or 11:30 a.m.
Using percentages use the numeral and the percent symbol.
11.6%
Write large numbers using a combination of decimals and verbal descriptors.
At the end of 2016, Facebook had more than 1,790,000,000 monthly active users. At the end of 2016, Facebook had more than 1.79 billion monthly active users.
Introductory words and phrases are used as transitions to provide background details concerning who, what, when, where, why, and how.
At the end of the day, I was completely exhausted. (Who) However, On the other hand, Furthermore, Therefore, Thereafter, Consequently, Next, Finally, In conclusion, For example, Ultimately, etc. However, and All things considered.
an adjective is a word that modifies a noun or noun phrase or describes its referent.
Attractive, Jealous, Distinct, etc...
Joint Expressing of Ownership are indicated by the second person having the apostrophe.
Caden and Traci have children. They are Caden and Traci's children.
Capitalize the job title when it precedes the person's name, but not the general reference to a job title.
Carol introduced the new head of our company, President Jackie Jones.
Capitalize the formal degree title, but not the general reference.
Cary Lewis is earning a Master of Public Administration (MPA).
Individual ownership is expresses with an apostrophe for each person.
Claire and Taylor both have their airplane tickets. They are Claire's and Taylor's tickets.
Use a semicolon to separate items in a series that contains internal commas (Super commas)
Fidelity investments builds operations centers in out-of-the way places like Merrimack, New Hampshire; Smithfield, Rhode Island; Westlake, Texas; Covington, Kentucky; and Greenwood Village, Colorado.
Nonessential words and phrases are elements of a sentence which do not contain information essential to the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
For example, Jan, the second of three children, always feels left out.
Generally, spell out single-digit numbers one through nine.
He realized he could eat 13 mandarin oranges and still consume fewer calories than he would by eating one glazed donut.
Use numerals for double-digit numbers 10 - infinity
He realized he could eat 13 mandarin oranges and still consume fewer calories than he would by eating one glazed donut.
Conjunctive adverb
However, therefore, furthermore, nevertheless, moreover, consequently, or for example
Remember to capitalize specific proper nouns, but not nouns that refer to general categories.
I am enrolled in MCom 320. I am taking a business writing class.
Independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. Has both a subject and a verb.
I enjoy sitting by the fireplace and reading.
Dashes can be used like colon.
I have only ever wanted one thing--snacks.
Dashes uses to interrupt structure.
I ran to the bus stop--but to the bus had already driven away. (Like a comma)
Use a colon only when the list or series is preceded by a complete sentence.
I want to do the following three activities: make a sandwich, go for a run, and call my grandma. The Volunteer Services intern will do the following three tasks:
"It is" and "It has" are contractions so they have apostrophes.
It's a shame he is not aware of the mistake and its possible impact.
'Its" indicates posession
It's a shame he is not aware of the mistake and its possible impact.
Do not use apostrophes with possessive pronouns.
Its (I love its curly tail.)-Not it's Ours (This house is ours.)-Not our's Yours (The library card is yours.)-Not your's Theirs (This set of keys is theirs.)-Not their's Hers (This book is hers.)-Not her's
Capitalize compass points when they refer to a specific place or region.
Lake Tahoe is about four hours east of San Francisco.
Avoid starting sentences with large numbers.
Last month, the department issued 495 parking
When using numbers be consistent with formatting in a sentence.
Lila found 58 markers, 12 notebooks, and 7 file folders in the storage room .
Use commas around nonessential words and phrases
Our engineers have, without a doubt, worked tirelessly on this upcoming release.
Use a semicolon between independent clauses joined by a conjunctive adverb.
Sam received exceptional client evaluations: however, he still lost his job in the downsizing.
Use a semicolon to join independent clauses without a coordinating conjunctions.
Sam received exceptional client evaluations; sadly, Lynn did not.
Self-referencing nouns always take hyphens.
Self-esteem, self-confidence, self-awareness, etc..
Hyphens are not used when one of the words is an adverb that ends in -ly.
She bought the brightly colored dress.
Expressing possession with proper nouns that end with -s, -es, --z, or -x depends if it is a person or a group.
Singular That blue Honda is Rita Sanchez's car. That blue Honda is Rita Sanchez' car. Plural That blue Honda is the Sanchezes' car. That blue Honda is the Sanchez' car.
Complete sentence
Subject and Verb
Capitalize book titles, movies, and other works of art.
The Call of the Wild Hillbilly Elegy: A Memoir of a Family and Culture in How I Met Your Mother
Dashes can act like parenthesis.
The bug--which landed on my nose--had to be the siza of a softball.
Floating Hyphen is used when two or more compound adjectives modify the same noun to avoid repeating the same noun.
The company offers either a one- or two-hour orientation session.
"That" is used with a restrictive clauses.
The lamp that Aunt Betsy gave me is on the bedside table.
"Which" is used with non-restrictive clauses.
The lamp, which was given to me by Aunt Betsy, is on the bedside table.
A restrictive clause is essential to the sentence and required for sentence clarity and is not set off by commas.
The man who lives next door won the lottery.
Plurals with an "s" at the end have an apostrophe after the s.
The officers' safety is one of the police chief's main concerns.
Plurals with no "s" at the end add an apostrophe and an "S" .
The youth group donated coats to the children's shelter.
Spell out any number that begins a sentence.
Thirteen clients expect visits next week.
Placing a full clause or phrase begining with i.e. (or e.g.) in parenthesis require only a comma.
This year, let's focus on our greatest strength (i.e., our after-sales support.)
When the i.e. or e.g. precedes a phrase rather than a clause, use a comma.
This year, let's focus on our greatest strengths, i.e., our aftersales support.
Expressing fractions using words and hyphenate or decimals whenever possible.
Three-fourths or 5.25 miles
Non-restrictive clause is clause that is not needed and is set off by commas
Tim Smith, who lives next door, won the lottery.
Use commas to separate clauses
Two independent Clauses or One dependent and Independent
With direct quotations, capitalize the first word of the quotation when the first word of the quotation begins the sentence.
Warren Buffett has said, "Rule No.1: Never lose money. Rule No.2: Never forget rule No.1."
Dashes can be used to interrupt speech.
Watch out fot that--Wham.
Compound adjectives are two or more adjectives that are joined together to modify the same noun.
We bought first-class tickets.
The smaller hyphen is often used to join two or more words into a compound adjectives.
We bought first-class tickets.
Two compound adjectives after a noun are not hyphenated.
We bought tickets that were first class.
Use a semicolon after an independent clause that comes before "i.e." and "e.g." if another independent clause follows.
We have received approval for the new position; i.e., we can hire either one fulltime employee or two part time employees.
Dependent clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand alone as a sentence
When Martha introduced the president,
Use commas after introductory words, phrases, clauses.
Yes, ... All things considered,..... When Martha introduced the president, ....
Page numbers and chapters use numbers
You'll find the quote on page 5 of chapter 11.
Coordinate clause
a clause beginning with a coordinating conjunction (Subject and Predicate)
"e.g."
for example
FANBOYS
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
"i.e."
means "that is" or "in other words"
Dashes
to indicate a sudden break, to set off important parenthetical material, to set off an introductory series, indicate interrupted speech, for emphasis
Subject
who or what the sentence is about
When creating a list, capitalize the first word of each item in a vertical list.
● Reduce days in receivables ● Hire a new IT manager ● Slash unnecessary expenses