Clinicals 2 & Phlebotomy Study Guide

deprivation

to be deprived; without; having to do without or unable to us.

emaciation

to become abnormally thin; the loss of too much weight.

Gravida

total number of pregnancies a woman has had regardless of duration including present pregnancy.

EKG lead placement

Lead 1: LA and RA Left Arm/Right Arm Lead 2: LL and RA Left Leg and Right Arm Lead 3: LL and LA

Hindu

Life is sacred and animals are the dwelling place of ancestral souls -Eat primarily vegetables

b) 10 times

Low-power field magnifies objects by: a) 5 times b) 10 times c) 15 times d) 20 times

spiral fracture

a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

Stellate fracture

a fracture that forms a star-like pattern

Longitudinal Fracture

a fracture that runs parallel to the long axis of the bone

Hymen

a membranous fold partially or completely covering the vaginal opening.

wheelchair

a movable chair mounted on large wheels

Q wave

a negative deflection or wave

S wave

a negative wave

Echocardiography, echos

a noninvasive diagnostic tool that tests the structure and function of the heart through the use of sound waves reflected through the heart.

Protein

a nutrient found in foods such as eggs, meat, fish, legumes, and soy products that provides energy to the body.

Mons Pubis

a padd of fatty tissue and coarse skin overlying the symphysis pubis in the female.

R wave

a positive deflection or wave

T wave

a positive wave and represents ventricular repolarization or diastole

coroner

a public official who investigates by inquest any death not due to natural causes

open (compound) fracture

broken bone penetrates through the skin

compression fracture

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

Body Mechanics

the proper use of the body to facilitate lifting and moving and prevent injury

Lead III

LL (+) to LA (-)

Lead II

LL and RA

Lead 1

RA to LA

flexibility

The ability to move your body parts through their full range of motion

FDA

Who regulates dietary supplements?

Fracture

closed/simple fracture Compound/open

laceration

jagged wound

ambulation

the act of walking

U Wave

(occasionally seen in some patients) is a positive deflection and associated with repolarization

Risk factors of ovarian cancer

-Increase with age and peak during the 80's -Women who have never had children -Women who have had breast cancer -Women who have a family history of breast or ovarian cancer -high risk - BRCA1, BRCA2 a type of hereditary colon cancer -living in an industrialized country

Weight gain for bmi and pregnancy

-baby total weight 6-8 lbs -add up to 18-20 lbs recommended amt. gain -Excess weight causes complications: -hypertension, increased stress on heart and problem of wt. to be lost post delivery. Underweight: can gain 28-40lbs Normal wt.: gain 25-35lbs obese: 11-20 lbs.

AED

1) Analyze the heart rhythm of a person in fibrillation or arrest 2) Recognize a shockable rhythm 3) Advise the operator through lights, text and voice prompts if shock is indicated 4) With built in diagnostic capability, permit lifesaving intervention without the operator needing to evaluate the situation or interpret an ECG a) Turn on power b) Attach electrodes c) analyze heart rhythm d) charge the AED is so advised e) Advise everyone to stay clear f) If victim responds, leave the electrodes in place in case of rearrest g) continue efforts until emergency medical services arrive.

Accidental, Allergic and drug induced distress

1) a patient suffering from severe edema of the vocal cords as a result of an allergic reaction to food or stings of bees or wasps must be hospitalized as quickly as possible. 2) The victim of a drowning must receive rescue breathing immediately. This can be given before the patient is taken from the water if there is help to support the patient while resuscitation is given. A person surviving drowning needs to be hospitalized for follow-up observation. 3) Poisoning by toxic gases, such as carbon monoxide, or suffocation can also require immediate rescue breathing. 4) A person having an asthma attack might have great difficulty breathing. The provider must determine the treatment needed, but you can be helpful by attempting to calm the patient. Emotional upset often starts an asthma attack. 5) some medications can cause a slowing or cessation of breathing 6) Electric shock can cause respiratory paralysis. The victim must be moved away fromthe source of the electricity by indirect means (never touch the victim and then be given rescue breathing and CPR

Infant chocking considerations

1) place the baby facedown on your forearm, which is extended on your thigh. You also might kneel or sit with the infant on your lap to do this. 2) The head should be lower than the body and supported by your hand. 3) With the heel of your other hand, deliver five back slaps, forcefully in the middle of the back between the infants shoulder blades 4) If this is unsuccessful, turn the infant face up; support the head and neck. Keep the head lower than the trunk. 5) Place two fingers on the midsternal area just below the nipple line 6) Give five quick downward chests thrusts; deliver chest thrusts at a rate of one per second. 7) Continue with five back blows and five chest thrusts until the object is dislodged or the infant becomes unconscious. 8) If unsuccessful, call out for help to notify EMS 9) If no help arrives, give the infant CPR for one minute and then call 911 yourself 10) Continue CPR until help arrives.

Fertilization Cycle

1) sperm ejaculated into vagina 2) ovum in outer 1/3 of one of one of the fallopian tubes 3) Ovum must be fertilized w/in 24 hours after expulsion from ovary. 4) Ovum is 1/125th inch dia., When sperm reach the egg, they surround its outer surface attempting to enter 5) strongest sperm are able to survive the acidity of the vaginal secretions to attack the protective corona radiata that surround the ovum. sperm release enzyme called hyaluronidase, which gradually break down the ovum's protection. Nucleus of sperm move to combine w/ the ovum nucleus and a zygote is formed. At this time, the traits which are inherited and the traits which are inherited and the sex of the new individual are determined and cannot be altered. 6) Zygote begins journey to well-prepared uterus arriving 6 days after ovulation. It implants itself in the thick wall, and a change in the menstrual cycle begins. 7) phase 3: about day 20, the endometrium is at peak. Levels of estrogen and progesterone are high. LH & FSH are low because of feedback of adequate amts. of hormones; this prevents stimulation of new follicle maturity. 8) Secretions from fallopian tubes and the uterine glands provide nutrition for the embryo. The high level of progesterone inhibits the myometrium from contracting; therefore, the embryo cannot be expelled. 9) Progesterone also stimulates development of the ducts of the mammary glands (breasts) These effects must be continued to maintain implantation. 10) If corpus luteum fails, so does the production of progesterone. The developing placenta secretes a hormone (HCG) human chorionic gonadotropin which maintains the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy. This is the hormone that is detectable on urine pregnancy tests 11) Embryo develops & placenta begins to secrete progesterone and estrogen and the corpus luteum degenerates and disappears. 12) Placenta maintains its high level of hormone throughout pregnancy. 13) Delivery: placenta decreases production of progesterone which allows the myometrium to begin contracting and labor begins. 14) Release of prolactin stimulates the mammary glands to produce colostrum.

Considered Child

1-14 years old

Dilation of cervix size for delivery

10

When using AutoCyte, the collection device is swished how many times in the preservative solution?

10 times

Naegele's rule

1st day of last menstrual period - 3 months + 7 days + 1 year

Nagele's rule

1st day of last period -3 months + 7 days + 1 year Example: 1st day of last period Sept. 1, 2016 Expected delivery would be June 8, 2017

Immunization schedules (how often released by CDC, typical duration between immunizations visits, common immunizations given

2mo: infants return for exam & begin immunization schedule. Then every 2-3 month intervals completing by 18 mo. Hep B @ 1-2 mo. Rotavirus @ 2 mo., DTaP @ 2 months, Flu b @ 2 months, pneumonia, polio @ 2 months. 18 mo Hep B DTap Polio flu MMR 4-6 yr DTaP polio flu MMR VAR CDC usually releases annual recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedules for children in the US that are approved by the AAP and the AAFP

V2 chest lead

4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum

V1 chest lead

4th intercostal space to the right of the sternum

child

5 cycles of CPR before attaching an AED If collapse is witnessed, AED should be used as soon as possible. -Should be dose attenuated for children under age 8

sling

A bandage or material that helps to support the weight of an injured upper extremity.

ThinPrep

A brand name for pap test

wound

A break in the skin or mucous membrane

Second Degree burn

A burn marked by pain, blistering, and superficial destruction of dermis with edema and hyperemia of the tissues beneath the burn.

Glucosamine Sulfate

A chemical naturally produced in the human body as well as in nature. -Promoted to relieve the pain of osteoarthritis. -Reportedly promotes healthy cartilage formation to maintain or replace that which is worn away by age and use. -New data from a long-term study of glucosamine and chondroitin dietary supplements for knee osteoarthritis pain revealed that patients who took supplements had outcomes similar to patients who took placebo pills.

shock

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion.

Incision

A cut made in order to get inside something

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available. -can lead to diabetic coma and even death

a) four

A gram of fat has approximately ? Calories a) four b) five c) seven d) nine

Melatonin

A hormone produced naturally in the pineal gland within the brain. It plays a part in regulating sleep patterns. As a supplement, it regulates sleep and prevents jet lag. It has also been promoted as an anti-aging agent. Evidence does seem to support its effect on sleep, and laboratory studies indicate that it has antioxidant properties at much larger concentrations than in the body. No evidence exists that it slows the aging process or reduces the risk of developing cancer. Potential Risk: resulting drowsiness that impairs function and might cause morning-after headaches. Possible to interfere with conception.

Black Cohosh

A large woodland plant found in eastern North America, used for menopause relief as an alternative to traditional hormone therapy to control hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, heart palpitations, and mood changes. Its effect seems to suggest that it contains a natural estrogen-like substance and is currently funding studies to measure the effects of black cohosh; Side Effects: vomiting, dizziness and headaches Recommended to take no longer than 6 months.

Saw Palmetto

A plant that produces berries containing phytosterol compounds that scientists think might slow down the production of male testosterone, which stimulates prostate growth. The compound is used to treat symptoms of benign prostate hypertrophy (BPH). -might cause ED, or a delcine in sexual desire. - might interact with other medications, including birth control pills, estrogens, and anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs, but no known interactions with food or other herbs and supplements.

Ginko Biloba

A product from the leaves of the ginkgo tree and promoted as an agent to improve memory and mental function by increasing blood flow to the brain. -might slow the process or even prevent Alzheimer's disease -may be an antioxidant and might help prevent atherosclerotic plaque. -Side Effects: nausea, vomiting and diarrhea occur at extremely high doses.

Spiral bandage

A roller bandage wrapped around a limb

anaphylactic shock

A severe reaction that occurs when an allergen is introduced to the bloodstream of an allergic individual. Characterized by bronchoconstriction, labored breathing, widespread vasodilation, circulatory shock, and sometimes sudden death.

Health

A state of complete physical, mental and social well being.

Catholic

Abstain from eating meat Ash Wednesday & Fridays during Lent -some no meat on any Fridays

Types of contraception

Abstinence Tubal ligation Sterilization IM Injection given quarterly Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate suspension Birth control pills contraceptive patch contraceptive ring IUD Diaphragm condom female condom spermicides withdrawl Rhythm Douching

Phase III: The Luteal Phase

After the egg is released, the empty follicle undergoes a rapid change caused by the influence of L.H. It becomes a glandular mass of cells called the corpus luteum and begins to release progesterone and estrogen. The progesterone reacts on the glands in the endometrium to begin secreting a nourishing substance for the egg. The corpus luteum continues to secrete progesterone for 12 days untill approximately day 26 of the cycle. As the level of progesterone rises, LH is inhibited and the LH level falls. When LH drops, the corpus luteum degenerates, causing the levels of progesterone and estrogen to decline sharply.

mobility

All types of movement from one location to another.

Atrial Fibrillation (A-fib)

Although relatively rare in healthy individuals, it still can be seen in both healthy individuals and those with cardiac disease.

Echinacea

An herb reported to stimulate the immune system to help prevent developing a cold or the flu. It has been used for centuries by native Americans to treat everything from coughs to burns and snakebites. Study results have been mixed about effectiveness in preventing or treating upper respiratory infections; two NCCAM-funded studies did not find a benefit from echinacea, but other studies have shown that it might be beneficial in treating upper respiratory infections. -grows in 3 forms w/ differing concentrations -benefits depend on which part of plant used leafs, roots or flowers. side effects: severe allergic reaction- all people w/ asthma, or allergic rhinitis should avoid usage gastrointestinal upset, and rash. Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver; echinacea might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down some medications. -can increase side effects of some medications... discuss w/ provider before taking.

a) third

An infant or young child who is below the ? percentile on the standardized growth charts is said to be failing to thrive. a) Third b) fifth c) seventh d) tenth

Avulsion

An injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as a flap.

Mammogram definition, how often, who

An xray of the breast for detection of malignancy. It is indicated for palpable breast masses, breast pain, or nipple discharge. Women between ages 35-40 and older or high risk-related factors. They should have one annually.

capillary

Any bleeding from ? damage produces a steady ooze from the wound area. This type of bleeding often clots without first aid measures.

Bright Red

Arterial bleeding produces ? ? blood in spurts. If the ruptured artery is a large branch, death can occur in 3 min. or less.

How are infants examined?

At birth 1-2 weeks 2 mo. continuing every 203 month intervals through out first 18 months, and ten yearly til 16-18 years of age.

V5 chest lead

At horizontal level of position 4 at left anterior axillary line

V6 chest lead

At horizontal level of position 4 at left midaxillary line

Day 1

At what age will the infant begin the immunization schedule a) 2 weeks b) 2 months c) 6 weeks d) 1 day

Standing

Avoid standing for a long time. If you have to stand for a long time, place one foot up on a small stool or other similar object

BRAT diet

B = Bananas R = Rice A = Applesauce T = Toast and clear liquids or water for 24 hours as tolerated by patients after diarrhea stops or as directed by the provider.

Children 1-8 years of age

Be sure to change the child key or switch and use the child pads. If this is not available, you may use the adult pads and dose.

Hemorrhage

Bleeding can be of three types: arterial, venous and capillary -excessive uncontrolled bleeding

dark red

Bleeding from a vein produces ? ? blood. It is important to control bleeding quickly. Pressure must be exerted at the pressure point proximal to the wound to stop the flow of blood to the area.

Three point gait

Both crutches and involved leg advance together Uninvolved leg follows Uses two canes/crutches or a walker

Aspiration

Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs

Cowper's glands

Bulbourethral glands are sometimes called cowper's glands

paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (PAT)

Can be seen in both healthy individuals and in those wit cardiac disease. It is an episode during which the heart rate ranges from 160 to 250 BPM and lasts momentarily. Patients often describe it as a flutter in the heart.

Premature Atrial Contraction (PAC)

Can be seen in healthy individuals who smoke or use stimulants such as caffeine. Can indicate a serious cardiac problem. On an ECG, they are indicated by a cardiac cycle that occurs before the next cycle is due, with the p waves shaped differently than on a normal ECG.

Molten metal

Can result in fourth degree burns

Risks factors for breast cancer

Cause: unknown -estrogen believed to be in some way responsible Predisposing factors: family history, long menstrual cycles, early menarche or late menopause, first pregnancy after age 30, obesity, drinking alcohol -correlation with diet especially fat intake lymphedema due to removal of lymph nodes

hyperglycemia

Caused by an increase amount of sugar in the blood causing DKA if not treated. Symptoms: extreme thirst confusion, tiredness nausea Respiration might be rapid, deep and skin might be dry and flushed. Patient's breath may have fruity odor.

Stroke

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) which is the result of a ruptured blood vessel in the brain or an occlusion of a blood vessel. The patient might have a light stroke with very little damage or a more extensive one with immediate paralysis in the form of sagging muscles on one side of the body might be paralyzed.

Gynecological examinations: samples are taken from what parts of the body? What needs to be obtained during the intake portion of the visit?

Cervix, the vagina and the endocervix

Women: myocardial Infarction

Chest pain & Pressure, but also -Shortness of breath -burning sensation in chest (dismissed as heartburn) - nausea and vomiting or other flulike symptoms -unexplained fatigue or weakness - pain in jaw, neck, shoulder, back or ear -overwhelming sense of doom.

Klinefelter's syndrome

Chromosomal analysis tests to determine genetic defects that cause abnormal growth development of sexual characteristics and chromosome basis for hypogonadism.

EKG

Conduction of the heart graphic representation of the cardiac cycle -A recording of electrical impulses of the heart muscle.

Low-calorie Diet

Counting calories and adding up the total will help those who wish to shed a few pounds, especially if cardiovascular exercise is included at least three times a week for a minimum of 30 min. Eat no more than a total of 30% of calories from fat each day is recommended for a healthy heart, especially if there is a family history of heart disease.

Soft diet

Creamed hot cereals, gelatin, pudding, ice cream, sherbet, mashed or baked potatoes, pureed vegetables, creamed soups, baked turkey/chicken, fish, meatloaf, milk, poached egg, macaroni and cheese, yogurt, applesauce, and graham crackers. These are suggestions for foods that might be more easily tolerated for patients who have gastrointestinal disorders such as a duodenal ulcer or gastritis. This diet is also for those who are just getting over an intestinal virus.

swing to gait

Crutches are moved forward simultaneously, and the weight is transferred forward. Then swing both feet together up to the crutches.

Define Papanicoloaou, who should get it, how often, when in menstrual cycle?

Definition: technique is cytological screening test to detect cancer of the cervix. Who: women 21-29 and older should get it every 3 years. Ages 30-65 should be combined with HPV test every 5 years. -Women at high risk for cervical cancer -because of suppressed immune system -because they were exposed to DES in utero may need to be screened more often. Age 65 and had reg. screening should stop as long as they haven't had any serious precancers found in the last 20 years. When in Menstrual cycle?

What is syphilis? Treatment?

Definition: venereal disease that inhabits the warm, moist areas of the genitals and rectum. The organism can be viewed by dark-field microscope examination. It is spread by direct sexual contact during either the primary, secondary, or early latent stages of infection. Prenatal transmission to the fetus across the placental barrier is possible, resulting in an infant w/ congenital after birth. -If treated before the 4th month of pregnancy the fetus will not develop the disease. -blood analysis for syphilis is routinely performed as part of prenatal care. Symptoms: Primary stage: entrance of organism through mucous membrane of genitals as a result of contact w/ infected person. After 3-4 weeks a lesion called a chancre appears at the point of enterance. It is an ulcer-like area w/ a raised, hard edge that looks painful, but is not. In female, it often appears on the cervix and is therefore hidden from sight going undetected. -Male: the usual site is the glans or corona (ridge) of the lip of the penis. It may develop on the penile shaft or scrotum. The spirochete can also enter the mucous membranes of the mouth or rectum during non-genital intercourse, causing chancres to develop on the lip, tongue, tonsils, or around the anus. - 4 stages: Primary: chancre even if untreated disappears w/in 1-5 weeks. giving the infected person a false sense of having healed. -Asymptomatic period: the bacteria circulate through the body in the blood. -1-6 months later a secondary stage begins characterized by general painless, nonitching rash. appearance on the soles of the feet, palms of the hands -hair loss, a sore throat, headache, loss of appetite; nausea; constipation; persistent fever; and pain in the bones, muscles, or joints 3rd stage the latent stage, which may last for years. There are no symptoms during this stage, but the organism is at work burrowing into blood vessels, the spinal cord, the brain, and the bones. After the 1st year the disease is no longer infectious except to a fetus. After 50% of those who contract syphilis move into the dangerous late or tertiary stage. This stage is categorized according to type of involvement: benign late... affecting internal organs; cardiovascular late: affecting the heart and major blood vessels. or neosyphilis- affecting the brain. Treatment: penicillin is the Tx of choice, which is relatively easily destroyed. Some spirochetes may survive, a large initial dose of long-acting penicillin is divided into two injections, one in each buttock. Much greater doses are required for latent, late or congenital syphilis.

Sitting

Do not remain in one position for too long. Get up and stretch often and take short walks if you can.

Know epididymis length, locations & function

Epididymis length: extending upward about 45cm Location: on each side of the vas deferens joins one epididymis through inguinal canal to the base of the urinary bladder. Each vas joins with a duct from a seminal vesicle to form a common ejaculatory duct. Function: After sperm are produced in the tubules, they pass into the epididymis where a small number are stored. Sperm mature in the epididymis for 18 hours. The fluid secreted by the epididymis adds to the volume of ejaculant.

Stress test

Exercise ECG ? ? are done by some providers on a routine basis for patients with a high risk of developing heart disease.

Severe

Extensive, advanced. When injuries are severe it usually implies multiple sites and requires considerable medical attention. The term is also applied to an illness that requires aggressive action and is potentially irreversible.

V4 chest lead

Fifth intercostal space at junction of left midclavicular line

Hypertension

Foods to Include: Include whole grains, fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, low sodium, and foods low in saturated fat and cholesterol Foods to avoid: Avoid prepackaged and processed foods. Foods high in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol. Limit alcohol intake to no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women

Lactose Sensitivity

Foods to Include: Lactose-free and lactose reduced milk and milk products. Foods with calcium and vitamin D Foods to avoid: Any food or beverages that contain lactose.

Cancer

Foods to Include: Whole fruit, legumes such as peas and beans, and other low calorie foods. Include foods low in fat and added sugar. Choose poultry, beans and fish over red meat Foods to Avoid: Avoid calorie-dense foods such as french fries, potato and other chips, ice cream, donuts and other sweets. Limit intake of processed meats such as bacon sausage, lunch meats, and hot dogs. Avoid eating large portion sizes.

Diabetes

Foods to include: Beans (kidney, pinto, navy or black), dark leafy green vegetables, citrus fruit, sweet potatoes, berries, fat-free milk and yogurt, tomatoes, fish high in Omega-3 fatty acids, whole grains and nuts. Foods to avoid: foods high in saturated fat, sodium, calories, carbohydrates or foods that contain high trans fat.

Gluten-Free

Foods to include: Garbanzo beans, soy beans, buckwheat and rice flour, fruits and vegetables, fresh eggs, meat, fish, poultry, and most dairy products Foods to Avoid: Need to eliminate gluten and proteins found in wheat, barley, rye and triticale in all food and beverages.

Cardiovascular disease

Foods to include: whole grains, fruits and vegetables, legumes, lean meat and fish, include the right kind of carbs such as brown rice, oatmeal, quinoa, and sweet potatoes. Foods to Avoid: Limit high fat foods (red meat, cheese, and baked goods) Limit high sodium foods (canned, processed foods) limit saturated and trans fat and cholesterol in foods.

a) 40 times

High-power field, without oil-immersion, magnifies objects by? a) 40 times b) 50 times c) 75 times d) 20 times

b) 3

How many injections are involved with the hepatitis b vaccine? a) 2 b) 3 c) 4 d) None of the above

Para

How many live births the patient has had.

All the body's processes burn calories to provide energy and sustain life. If you overeat regularly, the unused calories are not wasted but stored as fat. If you reduce your calorie intake, the body uses the stored fat for energy, and you will begin to shed the extra weight. Eat meals slowly, because it takes 20 min. for the brain to realize that the stomach that the stomach is full. 5-6 small meals daily not only allows for better use of nutrients by the body for more energy, but it is much easier on the digestive tract.

How to educate a person to loose weight?

Islamic

Govern method of killing animals for food -Eating pork or drinking alcohol is prohibited - Ramadan: Muslims do not eat food or drink water but spend the day in reflection, intense worship, reading the Quran and developing self-control

12 to 15 months

Gross Motor Can walk alone well can crawl up stairs Fine Motor Can feed self with cup and spoon puts raisins into a bottle may hold crayon or pencil and scribble Builds a tower of two cubes Language says four to six words Sensory Binocular vision developed

24 months

Gross Motor Can walk up and down stairs can kick a ball can ride a tricycle Fine Motor can draw a circle tries to dress self Language Talks a lot approximately 300 word vocabulary understands commands knows first name, refers to self verbalizes toilet needs

6 to 8 months

Gross Motor Puts full weight on legs when held in standing position Can sit without support Bounces when held in a standing position Fine motor transfers objects from one hand to the other can feed self a cookie can bang two objects together Language Babbles vowel-like sounds, ooh or aah Imitation of speech sounds (mamma, dada) begins laughs aloud Sensory responds by looking and smiling recognizes own name

4 to 6 months

Gross Motor Turns from stomach to back and then back to stomach. When pulled to sitting, almost no head lag By 6 mo., can sit on floor with hands for ward for support Fine motor can hold feet and put in mouth can hold bottle can grasp rattle and other small objects puts objects in mouth Language squeals Sensory: watches a falling object Responds to sounds

2 to 4 months

Gross Motor can raise head and shoulders when prone to 45- 90 degrees supports self on forearms rolls from back to side Fine motor hands mostly open looks at and plays with fingers grasps and tries to reach objects Language vocalizes when talked to, coos, babbles laughs aloud squeals sensory smiles follows objects 180 degrees turns head when hears voices or sounds

8-10 months

Gross Motor crawls on all fours or uses arms to pull body along floor can pull self to sitting can pull self to standing Fine Motor Beginning to use thumb-finger grasp Dominant hand use Has good hand-mouth coordination Language Responds to verbal commands May say one word in addition to mama and dada Sensory Recognizes sounds

Birth to 1 month

Gross motor Assumes tonic neck posture When prone, lifts and turns head Fine Motor Holds hands in fist Draws arms and legs to body Language cries Sensory comforts with holding and touch Looks at faces follows objects when in line of vision alert to high pitched voices smiles.

30 months

Gross motor Throws a ball jumps with both feet can stand on one foot for a few minutes Fine Motor can build a tower of eight blocks can use crayons learning to use scissors Language Knows first and last name knows the name of one color can sing expresses needs uses pronouns appropriately

10 to12 months

Gross motor can sit down from standing walks around room holding onto objects can stand alone Fine motor Picks up and drops objects can put small objects into toys or containers through holes Turns many pages in a book at one time picks up small objects Language understands no and other simple commands learns one or two other words imitates speech sounds speaks gibberish Sensory follows fast-moving objects indicates wants likes to play imitative games such as patty cake and peek a boo.

Willow bark

Has been used to relieve pain for more than 2,400 years. Hippocrates prescribed chewing on willow leaves to relieve childbirth pain. In the second century, it was used to reduce fever and inflammation. In 1897, a bayer chemist determined that acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) could be extracted from a willow bark-related compound. -Safe treatment for lower back pain -recommended natural daily dose: 240mg, should not be used by people who cannot tolerate aspirin.

Rule of 9's for burns

Head = 9% Arms = 18% (9% each) Back = 18%, Front/chest 18% Legs 36% (18% each) Genitalia = 1

Friction

Human skin cannot be sterilized, but the microorganisms that might be harmful can be washed off the skin's surface with betadine or other antimicrobial solution, water and friction.

Infertility Treatments

IVF, ICSI, Artificial insemination

Infirmity

Illness or disease

d) sound the alarm

In response to a fire, your first responsibility is to: a) Wedge open doors b) Warn others in a frantic tone c) evacuate patients and staff by using the closest elevator d) sound the alarm e) all of the above

arrhythmias

Irregularities in the heart's rhythm are known as?

Ovarian cancer

Is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths among American women. It accounts for 3% of all cancers among women and ranks 2nd among gynecologic cancers. It spreads rapidly by local extension and occasionally through the blood or lymphatics. The most common metastasis is through the diaphragm into the chest cavity. Because of its location, early diagnosis is difficult. Symptoms: confined to vague abdominal discomfort and mild gastrointestinal disturbances. With progression, urinary frequency, constipation, pelvic discomfort, and distention develop. May be confused with appendicitis. Requires careful evaluation, complete history, surgical exploration, and lab studies on tissue samples. Risk factors for ovarian cancer increase with age and peak during the 80's. Women who have never had children, who have had breast cancer or who have a history of breast cancer.

St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum)

Is widely used for herbal treatment for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. According to the National center for complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM). There is scientific evidence that it can be useful for short-term treatment of mild to moderate depression.

Gonorrhea symptoms in both sexes

Men: notice burning, itching or pain on urination; a sore throat w/ gland involvement; discharge from the anus; or penile drainage that begins as a clear watery fluid but changes to a thick milky consistency. Women: are usually asymptomatic, but they often develop an inflammation w/ a greenish yellow discharge from the cervix. May also develop lower abdominal pain, especially if fallopian tubes and other structures become involved. Diagnosis: can usually be made on visual inspection, but confirmation depends on a microscopic examination of the discharge or a positive culture of gonorrhea will not go away by itself.

V3 chest lead

Midway between position 2 and position 4

Abduction

Movement away from the midline of the body

Adduction

Movement toward the midline of the body

Grams to ounces

Multiply by 0.0311

7th Day Adventists

Observe Saturday as the day of worship. -Abstain from Coffee, tea, and alcohol, which they consider harmful. -Milk, eggs, vegetables and no meat, fish or poultry. Meat substitute from soybeans provides a protein.

Difference between an obstetrician and gynecologist

Obstetrician: provides direct care to women during pregnancy and child birth and immediately thereafter. Gynecologist: diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive tract; strong emphasis on preventive measures

What is the difference between abuse and neglect

One is doing something to harm someone, the other means you do nothing but it still harms someone.

Jewish

Orhodox Jews have strict dietary laws, many dating to Biblical Times. Kosher-Meat and Poultry must be killed and treated in a specific manner. Meat and milk products must not share the same preparation dishes and must be eaten six hours apart -Forbid hindquarters of meat. -Shellfish, pork, and many other items are forbidden list -No cooking on the Sabbath (Friday sundown to Saturdday Sundown) food made ahead of time.

Italian

Pasta w/ various tomato sauces and cheese, Fish and highly seasoned food, meat, root vegetables

Internal bleeding

Patient can have a rapid, weak pulse; shallow breathing; cold, clammy skin; dilated pupils; dizziness; faintness; thirst; restlessness; and a feeling of anxiety. -might need to be controlled by surgery. -Patient must be kept in recumbent position with strictly limited movement until surgery can be performed. -patient might cough up bright red blood lung hemorrhage -vomiting bright red blood (ulcer -coffee grounds (chronic slow bleeding in stomach) -abdominal pain from ...ruptured organ- kidney, liver, spleen

intermittent, Holter monitor

Patients who have routine normal ECG's but still have ? or irregular chest pain or discomfort are often tested over a period of 24 hours or more by a device know as a ??

Clear liquid diet

Pedialyte for infants and children, Gatorade for adults, clear gelatin, decaffeinated coffee and tea, clear broth, no-caffeine sodas, artificially flavored drink mix, flavored frozen juice bars and treats, clear juice, and water as directed by provider -offered to patients at least every 2 hours the first 24 hours for patients with diarrhea

Pubic lice and survival

Pediculosis resulting from 3 varieties of parasitic lice: pubis from pubic lice. The lice feed on human blood and lay eggs known as nits on body hairs or fibers of clothing. The nits hatch and will die in 24 hours unless they feed on a host. Nits mature in 2-3 weeks -Little yellow/gray insects about the size of pinhead -Attach themselves to their moist hair roots of the pubic area of humans and feed on the blood of their host, hopping from person to person during sexual contact. -It is possible to get contaminated from towels, upholstery, clothing, bedding because they can survive for about a day w/out a supporting host. Treatment: Kwell which is applied to the infected area. -all clothing, bedding and linens must be washed in very hot water and dtergent to destroy the nits and lice. -NOnwashable items can be dry cleaned or ironed w/ hot iron. -Lice eggs can survive for a week, so uncleaned items must be avoided

Folic Acid

Primary Source: Fresh green leafy vegetables, fruit, organ meats, liver dried yeast Functions: Maturation of RBCs, synthesis of purines and pyrimidines Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Pancytopenia, megaloblastosis (especially pregnancy, infancy, infancy, malabsorption) Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 1 mg/day

Vitamin B12

Primary Source: Liver, meats (especially beef, pork, organ meats), eggs, milk and milk products Functions: Maturation of RBC's, neural function, DNA synthesis, related to folate coenzymes, methionine and acetate synthesis Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Pernicious anemia, fish tapeworm and vegan anemias, some psychiatric syndromes, nutritional ambylopia, dependency states

Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)

Primary Source: Milk, cheese, liver, meat, eggs, enriched cereal products Functions: Many aspects of energy and protein metabolism integrity of mucous membranes Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Cheilosis, angular stomatitis, cornmeal vascularization, amblyopia, sebaceous dermatitis Usual Therapeutic dosage: 10-30 mg/day

Phosphorus

Primary Source: Milk, cheese, meat, poultry, fish, cereals, nuts, legumes Functions: Bone and tooth formation, acid-base balance, component of nucleic acids, energy production Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: irritability, weakness, blood cell disorders, GI tract and renal dysfunction Toxicity: hyperphosphatemia in renal failure Usual Therapeutic Dosage: Potassium acid and di-basic phosphate parenteral 600 mg (18.8 uEq/day)

Essential Fatty Acids (Linoleic, arachidonic acids)

Primary Source: Vegetable seed oils (corn, sunflower, safflower); margarines blended with vegetable oil. Functions: Synthesis of prostaglandins, membrane structure Growth cessation, dermatosis Effects of deficiency and Toxicity: Growth Cessation, dermatosis Usual Therapeutic Dosage: up to 10 g/day

Fluorine

Primary Source: Wide distribution-tea, coffee Fluoridation of water supplies with sodium fluoride 1.0-2.0 ppm Functions: Bone and tooth formation Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Deficiency: predisposition to dental caries, osteoporosis Toxicity: Fluorosis, mottling, pitting of permanent teeth, exostoses of spine Usual Therapeutic Dosage: Sodium fluoride: 1.1-2.2 mg/day orally

Potassium

Primary source: Wide distribution -whole milk and skim milk, bananas, prunes, raisins Functions: Muscle activity, nerve transmission, intracellular acid-base balance and water retention. Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: hypokalemia, paralysis, cardiac disturbances Toxicity: Hyperkalemia, paralysis, cardiac disturbances

Chromium

Primary source: Wide distribution brewer's yeast Function: Part of glucose intolerance factor (GTF) Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Deficiency: Impaired glucose tolerance in malnourished children, some diabetics.

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Principal Source: Citrus Fruits, tomatoes, potatoes, cabbage, green peppers Functions: Essential to osteoid tissue, collage formation, vascular function, tissue respiration and wound healing. Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Scurvy (hemorrhages, loose teeth, gingivitis) Usual Therapeutic Dosages: 100-1000mg/day

Niacin (nicotinic acid, vitamin B3)

Principal Source: Dried yeast, liver, meat, fish, legumes, whole grain enriched cereal products Function: Oxidation-reduction reactions, carbohydrate metabolism Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Pellagra (Dermatosis, glossitis, GI and CNS dysfunction) Usual Therapeutic Dosage: Niacinamide 100-1000mg/day

Vitamin B6 group (pyridoxine)

Principal Source: Dried yeast, liver, organ meats, whole grain, fish, legumes Functions: Many aspects of nitrogen metabolism (e.g. transaminations, porphyrin and heme synthesis, tryptophan conversion to niacin), linoleic acid metabolism Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Convulsions in infancy, anemias, neuropathy, seborrhea-like skin lesions, Dependency states Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 26-100 mg/day

Vitamin D

Principal Source: Fortified milk is main dietary source, fish, liver, oils, butter, egg yolk, liver, ultraviolet irradiation Functions: Calcium and phosphorus absorption, resorption, mineralization, and collagen maturation of bone; tubular reabsorption of phosphorus Effects of deficiency and Toxicity: Rickets (tetany sometimes associated), osteomalacia Toxicity: Anorexia, renal failure, metastatic calcification. Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 10-40 mcg (1,400-1,600 units/day) metabolic deficiency: 1-2 mcg/day 1.25 (OH)2D3 or 1 alpha-(OH)D3

Cobalt

Principal Source: Green leafy vegetables Functions: Part of Vitamin B12 molecule Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency; Anemia in children Toxicity: Beer-drinker's cardiomyopathy Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 20-30 mg/day cobaltous chloride orally

Magnesium

Principal Source: Green leaves, nuts, cereal grains, seafoods Functions: Bone and tooth formation, nerve conduction, muscle contraction, enzyme activation Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: Hypomagnesemia, neuromuscular irritability Toxicity: hypotension, respiratory failure, cardiac disturbances. Usual Therapeutic dosage: 2-4 ml 50% magnesium sulfate soln/day IM

First Degree burn

Superficial burns through only the epidermis.

Dislocations

When a bone end slips out of the socket or when the capsule surrounding a joint is stretched or torn.

Vitamin K (activity) Vitamin K1 (Phytonadione) Vitamin K2 (menaquinone)

Principal Source: Leafy vegetables, pork, liver, vegetable oils, intestinal flora after newborn period Functions: Prothrombin formation, normal blood coagulation Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Deficiency: Hemorrhage from deficient prothrombin Toxicity: kemicterus Usual Therapeutic Dosage: In situations conducive to neonatal hemorrhage, 2-5mg, during labor or daily for 1 wk prior, or 1-2 mg to newborn

Iodine

Principal Source: Seafoods, iodized salt, dairy products, water variable Functions: Thyroxine (T4) and Triodothyronine (T3) formation and energy control mechanisms Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: simple (colloid endemic) goiter, cretinism, deaf-mutism Toxicity: Occasional myxedema Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 150 mcg iodine/day as potassium iodide added to salt 1:10-40,000 ppm

Iron

Principal Source: Wide distribution (accept dairy products)- soybean flour beef, kidney, liver, beans, clams, peaches, much unavailable (,20% absorbed) Functions: Hemoglobin, myoglobin formation, enzymes Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: Anemia, dysphagia, koilonychia, enteropathy Toxicity: hemochromatosis, cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, skin pigmentation Usual Therapeutic Dosage: Ferrous sulfate or gluconate 300 mg orally three times a day

Sodium

Principal Source: Wide distribution - beef, pork, sardines, cheese, green olives, cornbread, potato chips, sauerkraut Functions: Acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, pH of blood, muscle contractility, nerve transmission, sodium pumps Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: hyponatremia Toxicity: Hypernatremia , confusion, coma

Copper

Principal Source: Wide distribution- organ meat, oysters, nuts, dried legumes, whole grain cereals Function: Enzyme component Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Deficiency: Anemia in malnourished children; Menkes kinky hair syndrome Toxicity; Hepatolenticular degeneration, some billary cirrhosis Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 0.3 mg/kg/day copper sulfate orally

Zinc

Principal Source: Wide distribution- vegetable sources, Much unavailable Functions: Component of enzymes and insulin, wound healing, growth Effects of deficiency and Toxicity: Deficiency: growth retardation, hypogonadism, hypogeusia; cirrhosis, acrodermatitis, enteropathica Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 30-150 mg. zinc sulfate/day orally

Thiamine (Vitamin B1

Principal Source: dried yeast, whole grains, meat (especially pork, liver), enriched cereal products, nuts, legumes, potatoes Functions: Carbohydrate metabolism, central and peripheral nerve cell function, myocardial function. Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Beriberi, infantile and adult, )peripheral neuropathy, cardiac failure, Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 30-100mg/day

Vitamin E group

Principal Source: Vegetable oil, wheat germ, leafy vegetables, egg yolk, margarine, legumes Functions: Intracellular antioxidant, stability of biologic membranes Effects of deficiency and Toxicity: RBC hemolysis, creatinuria, ceroid deposition in muscle Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 30-100 mg/day

Calcium

Principal source: Milk and milk products, meat, fish, eggs, cereal products, beans, fruits, vegetables Functions: bone and tooth formation, blood coagulation, neuromuscular irritability, muscle contractility, myocardial conduction Effects of deficiency and toxicity: Deficiency: hypocalcemia and tetany, neuromuscular hyperexcitability Toxicity: Hypercalcemia, GI atony, renal failure, psychosis Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 10-30 ml 10% calcium gluconate soln IV in 24h

Vitamin A

Principal source: Fish liver oils, liver, egg yolk, cream, Vitamin A fortified margarine, green leafy or yellow vegetables. Function: photoreceptor mechanism of retina, integrity of epithelia, lysosome stability, glycoprotein synthesis. Effects of Deficiency and Toxicity: Night blindness, perifollicular hyperderatosis, xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, Toxicity: headache, peeling of skin, hepatosplenomegaly, bone thickening. Usual Therapeutic Dosage: 10,000-20,000mcg (30,000-60,000 units/day)

Electrical Burns

Proceed with caution pertaining to water and electrical source. _victim could suffer circulatory and respiratory arrest, which necessitates administering CPR and obtaining advanced medical care. -Can cause extensive internal damage along conductive pathway- can take a few days to manifest itself. - ferning markings on body from lightening

Ovaries

Produce the sex cell and the ovum and to secrete hormones

e) All of the above are correct

Proper use of safety signs, symbols and labels would be used in which of the following? a) A refrigerator used to store reagents, test kits or biological specimens is labeled with a biohazzared symbol and bears the legend " NOt for storage of food or medications." b) Biohazard waste receptacles bear the biohazard symbol and are lined with red plastic bags. Biohazard waste is not disposed of in inappropriate receptacles c) Chemicals and reagents are evaluated for hazard classification and labeled with the hazard communication standard labels. d) signs are clearly posted in appropriate places for where smoking is allowed and where to eat or drink. e) All of the above are correct f) a, b, and c

PRINCE

Protection Rest Ice NSAIDS Compression Elevation

d) all of the above

Regular exercise is known to: a) improve circulation b) Improve muscle tone c) relieve tension d) All of the above

Chemical burns

Remove clothing from the burn area, then immediately flood area with H2O for 15 minutes. Dry chemical should first be brushed off carefully before flushing the patient's skin because some chemicals such as lime, are activated by water. -cover with sterile dressing -eyes flood 20 min.

QRS wave

Represents ventricular contraction or systole

RICE

Rest: Ice: Compression: Elevation:

Mexican

Rice, beans, chili peppers, tomatoes, and cornmeal -Meat is usually cooked with vegetables in thick soup like chili. Tortillas and tamales are flat breads made from corn meal and are filled with meat and vegetable mixtures and then wrapped in cornhusks and steamed

Chinese

Rice, soy bean products, Pork, eggs, and vegetables, Tea beverage of choice

Japanese

Rice, soybean paste, vegetables, fruits and fish. Food is frequently fried and topped with soy sauce. Sushi is rice combined with fish, eel, or squid, rolled in sheets of dry seaweed and cut into small wheels

Asian

Rice, vegetables, fruits and curries Meat, fish and chicken cooked in wok

Tube gauze bandage

Seamless tubular gauze bandage, with or without elastic, is superior material for covering round narrow surfaces such as fingers or toes. It can be used as either a dressing or a bandage. A tubular gauze bandage is applied with a cagelike applicator.

Canes

Should fit comfortably in the hand with the arm hanging naturally at the side and the elbow flexed at about a 25-30 degree angle. -handle just below hip level - should carry cane on the strong or uninjured side.

Growth charts

Show the normal growth of infants and children up to 20 years of age

Four Point gait

Shows the right crutch being positioned first, followed by moving the left foot. Then the left crutch is moved forward, followed by the right foot.

Heat Exhaustion

Skin is pale, cool, and moist and the body temperature is normal. The patient becomes overheated with profuse perspiration, usually after some form of vigorous exercise. -May have headaches, muscle cramps, nausea, dizziness and fatigue. -Pulse is weak and rapid, and the respirations are quiet and shallow. Treatment: -patient stop all activity, move to cooler place, consume cool water or sports drink -If symptoms worsen with/in hour, medical care should be sought.

Pacemaker arrhythmias

Spikes or pacer spikes show up as vertical signals that represent the electrical activity of the pacemaker. Usually these spikes are more visible inunipolar than in bipolar pacing. Interpreting paced rhythms may not always be simple, and the biggest obstacle to interpreting pace rhythms is identifying the paced beats

Arm sling

Standard adult sling is about 55 in. across the base and 36-40 in along the sides. -Elevate the hand properly to assist the return of circulation and avoid swelling. - Position the arm into a 90 degree angle and slide into the pouch like opening -Bring adjustable strap around the back of the neck on the side of the uninjured arm and slide into the ring attached to the end of the sling, fasten and tighten strap. -check arm for circulation impairment.

a)Victim's name b)The caller's name and phone number in case the connection is lost c) When did the problem start d) Is the victim conscious and breathing; does the victim have a pulse? e) The nature of the situation f) the location of the victim g) Reassure the caller EMS is on the way h) Give appropriate specific instructions in relation to the situatio such as a) If the victim has a body part pierced by an object, do not remove it b) If the victim is bleeding severely, apply pressure directly to the area. c) Don't move a patient with a possible spinal injury. i) Stay calm and support caller till EMS arrives j) Document in the patients Medical Record or EHR

Telephone Screening

Leads

The ? are obtained by placing limb electrodes on the flesh part of the upper outer arms nd the inner lower calves.

1) Chest compressions to restore blood circulation. Brain damage or death can occur if circulation stops. 2) Clear the airway 3) Initiate rescue breathing to provide O2 to the victim's lungs

The American Heart Association guidelines have recommended a change in the basic life support sequence to C-A-B (Chest compressions, airway, breathing)

somatic

The additional activity is called a ? tremor. Arm electrodes should be placed close to the shoulders of the upper outer arms to decrease the possibility of muscle voltage artifacts and arrhythmias.

b) 1,500 -1,800 (70 calories per hr.)

The basic number of calories required to maintain an average-sized adult expending a low level of energy is ? per day? a) 1,200-1,500 b) 1,500-1,800 c) 70 d) 150

a) fats

The body gets energy from? a) fats b) water c) electrolytes d) vitamins

Frostbite

The body parts most often damaged are the hands, feet, ears and nose -Hot tea or coffee will act as a stimulus and dilate blood vessels to increase circulation. -Patient should not be allowed to smoke because of constriction of the blood vessels. -After warming, wrap the area loosely with sterile dressing. -Avoid pressure of standing or walking because this causes additional damage to the tissue. -If skin turns red and has tingling sensation as it warms circulation is returning. -If skin remains numb or blisters, seek medical care.

Cytocele

The bulging of the anterior wall of the vagina by the bladder pushing into the vagina canal, sometimes into the introitus. It can be demonstrated by asking the patient to bear down or strain as the vaginal opening is observed. It appears in older women because of poor musculature from aging and effects of childbearing. Also from obesity, lifting heavy objects. instrument deliveries and chronic coughing. the displacement of the bladder contributes to improper emptying which results in cystitis frequency, urgency & incontinence. May be necessary to surgically reposition the bladder & repair the vaginal wall. Nonsurgical: use of a pessary, which can be cup shaped, an inflated hollow rig or other shapes that can be inserted into the vagina to support the uterus. The device puts pressure against the vaginal wall to push against the cytocele.

Provider discretion

The classification of burns is at the ? ? or the treatment facility involved.

c) melatonin

The dietary supplement is a hormone produced naturally in the pineal gland within the brain. It plays a part in regulating sleep patterns. a) St. John's wart b) Echinacea c) Melatonin d) Ginseng

IVF (in vitro fertilization)

The eggs are retrieved through a needle inserted into the ovaries, fertilized with sperm in a laboratory, and placed into the uterus.

What is prostatic hypertrophy, symptoms?

The enlargement of the prostate gland is common in men over age 50. In benign hypertrophy, the prostate may enlarge sufficiently to constrict the urethra making it difficult to empty the bladder. Surgery may be indicated to remove the obstructive tissue. A malignant prostate, one of the most common forms of cancer is found in men, is a different issue. Symptoms: reduced force and size of urinary stream, dribbling, a feeling of incomplete voiding, nocturia (voiding at night) and frequent urination. As hypertrophy increases, symptoms become more pronounced, and eventually hematuria and retention may develop. Diagnosis: can be confirmed by a digital examination to palpate the prostate through the rectal wall.

Phase II: Ovulation

The follicle releases the matured ovum. Estrogen is at a high level; FSH is reduced just prior to ovulation. The high level of estrogen stimulates the release of LH by the pituitary, which causes the follicle to rupture about the day 14 in the cycle. The endometrium has continued to grow a thick lining.

b) the capital letter E

The kindergarten version of the snellen chart uses a) signs and symbols b) the capital letter E c) letters d) numbers

Driving

When driving for periods that will last longer than an hour, stop every hour and walk and stretch.

Uterine Cancer

The most common gynecologic malignancy, usually affecting postmenopausal women between the ages of 50 and 60. Usually of endometrium; incidence is higher among white women, death rate higher among black women. The first signs of uterine cancer are uterine enlargement and unusual premenopausal or postmenopausal bleeding. It may begin as blood streaked watery discharge but changes gradually to more bloody drainage. Ultrasound evaluation of the endometrial stripe (thickness) can be diagnostic. If the endometrium is not w/in normal limits, the more invasive tests must be ddone. The most reliable diagnostic test is biopsy, with a follow-up D& C if the biopsy is neg. The prime risk factor that may lead to the most common form of uterine cancer is a hiigh cumulative exposure to estrogen. This can be from hormone replacement therapy, tamoxifen, early menarche, late menopause, never having children, or a history of failure to ovulate. Infertility, diabetes, gallbladder disease, hypertension and obesity. A familial tendency, history of uterine polyps or hyperplasia of the endometrium, and the normal process of aging are also factors.

Obstructed Airway

The most usual cause in adults is food aspirated while eating.

b) to ensure quality laboratory testing

The objective of Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) is? a) To receive Medicare payments b) To ensure quality laboratory testing c) To promote universal precautions d) To comply with OSHA regulations

Walker

The patient should move the ? forward, and ten step into the walker while leaning slightly forward.

Ginseng

The root of a shrub native to China and Korea that has been used medicinally in many cultures for centuries. -Used to support overall health and boost immune system -Used to treat ED, hepatitis C, and menopausal symptoms; to lower blood glucose; and to control blood pressure. -Studies have been inconclusive, but scientific investigation has failed to support its claims as an aphrodisiac.

Artificial Insemination (AI)

The semen is spun down to concentrate the sperm, which are with drawn and injected into the uterus through a catheter in the cervix. The specimen can be from the women's spouse or another male donor.

Ergonomics

The study of workplace equipment design or how to arrange and design devices, machines, or workspace so that people and things interact safely and most efficiently.

Bethesda System

The system most widely used to describe Pap test findings. It was developed in 1998 and revised in 1991 and 2001. 1) Negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy, Epithelial cell normalities 3) other malignant neoplasms.

sudden cardiac arrest (SCA)

The total abrupt and unexpected loss of heart function and is the leading cause of death in the US. -CPR can double or even triple the victim's chance of survival.

c) The difficulty in performing the diagnostic tests and whether they can be performed in medical office following package insert directions.

The waved status is granted according to what? a) The tests cleared by the DEA b) That the tests are manufactured for clinical use only c) The difficulty in performing the diagnostic tests and whether they can be performed in medical office following package insert directions d) The amount of time it takes to perform the diagnostic tests.

Infants under age 1

There is not enough evidence to recommend for or against the use of AED.

exchange

This designation is to assist patients with diabetes in selecting food within a category;this time, it is carbohydrates to maintain their carbohydrate fat-protein balance.

ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection)

This is a microsurgical procedure involving the direct injection of a single sperm into an egg cell. This procedure is done in instances where only a very few sperm cells are produced or where those sperm cells are incapable of entering an egg on their own. It is also used in those cases where sperm has to be recovered directly from the testes because of blockage of the normal route of sperm cells.

Cervical Erosion

This is an ulceration of the epithelium on a portion of the cervix. The area bleeds easily when touched during examination and may cause intermenstrual bleeding. It results from chronic cervicitis. Erosion is treated locally by cauterization (burning to destroy the abnormal tissue growth. Cauterizing agents used can be chemical, such as silver nitrate sticks or electrical such as electrocautery. The treatment is administered through a vaginal speculum and produces immediate cramping which subsides quickly. vaginal discharge will increase for a few days as the tissue sloughs off.

Figure Eight bandage

Typically used to wrap the ankle

Heat cold treatments

Unless otherwise ordered by the provider the pack should be left in place for 20 minutes at a time. **20 minutes on, 10 min. off Repeat.

c) 36 months

Up until what age would you record the head circumference measurement? a) 12 months b) 24 months c) 36 months d) 48 months

Food Allergies

Use of elimination diet to determine intolerances for four days to 3 weeks, or until symptoms are gone.

EKG chest leads

V1: 4th intercostal space at right margin of sternum V2: Fourth intercostal space at left margin of sternum V3: Midway between position 2 and position 4 V4: Fifth intercostal space at junction of left midclavicular line V5: At horizontal level of position 4 at left anterior axillary line V6: At horizontal level of position 4 at left midaxillary line

purge

When referring to charts, to clean out, purge files of those patients who are no longer being seen by the provider(S) to empty, to cleanse of impurities; clear.

a) dot

When using the growth chart, each month is represented by a a) dot b) square c) line d) circle

1) % of body surface area 2) The rule of 9's 3) Lund and Browder Chart

What 3 methods are burns classified as?

U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

What US departments are charged with the development and release of dietary guidelines for America? www.health.gov

Minerals

What are naturally occurring, inorganic, homogenous, solid substances?

1) Reduce overweight and obesity of the US. Population by reducing overall calorie intake and increasing physical activity 2) Shift food intake patterns to move to a more plant-based diet that emphasizes vegetables, cooked dry beans and peas, fruits, whole grains, nuts, and seeds. In addition, increase the intake of seafood and fat-free and low-fat milk and milk products and consume only moderate amounts of lean meats, poultry, and eggs. 3) Significantly reduce intake of foods containing added sugars and solid fats because these dietary components contribute excess calories and few, if an nutrients, reduce sodium. Eat fewer refined grains, especially those in foods with added sugar, solid fat, and sodium. 4) Meet the 2008 physical activity guidelines for Americans

What are the 4 major priority action steps for Americans according to the 2010 report?

1) Recognition of early warning signs 2) activation of the EMS System 3) early defibrillation with AED 4) Intubation 5) Intravenous administration of medications.

What are the following sequence of events for the chain of survival for cardiac victims?

Dos: a)Eat a sensible, well-balanced diet including high fiber, low-fat, cereal and grain foods. b) Practice health and safety rules at home and work c) exercise regularly d) Use sunscreen with SPF 15+ as needed e) Get adequate rest and recreation f) Nurture your spirit daily Don'ts: a) Overeat and gain too much weight b) use drugs or medications unless prescribed for a specific purpose c) smoke or use tobacco (including chew and snuff) d) Expose skin to sun for prolonged periods e) drink alcohol in excess f) expose yourself to unnecessary x-rays.

What are the guidelines that keep us in good health, increase vitality, and possibly even increase life expectancy?

iron, calcium, iodine, zinc, copper, magnesium, potassium

What are the minerals most people lack in their diets?

1) Manufacturers are expected to follow "good marketing practices" to ensure that their products meet quality standards but a manufacturer does not have to prove the safety and efficacy of a dietary supplement prior to bringing it to the consumer market. 2) Manufacturers may make claims about a supplement if there is research to support it; however, it must include a disclaimer stating, "This statement has not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and drug Administration (FDA). This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent disease" 3) After it is on the market, the FDA monitors the safety of the dietary supplement. If the FDA finds a product unsafe, it can take action against the manufacturer or distributor, ranging from a warning to requiring the removal of the product from the market.

What are the regulations for dietary supplements?

Weighing more than 30% above your ideal body weight can put you at risk for developing serious health problems such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer and sleep Apnea

What constitutes Obesity?

Cardiovascular disease hypertension dyslipidemia Type 2 diabetes diverticular disease osteoporosis overweight and obesity Iron deficiency Malnutrition certain cancers

What does a poor diet and sedentary lifestyle lead to?

Who What *treatment rendered, patient education. When Where

What guided questions do you utilize to document emergencies?

collapse to defibrillation

What is the critical window of opportunity for survival of sudden cardiac arrest victim?

*activated charcoal * Lidocaine * atropine * local anesthetics * diphenhydramine * nitroglycerine * Epinephrine * phenobarbital and diazepam * furosemide * Sodium bicarbonate * Instant glucose * Solu-Cortef * insulin * verapamil

What medications are commonly used to stock a crash cart?

a) The victim must not be in water, drag the victim from the area before using. b) If the victim has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, place the electrode at least one inch to the side. c) Remove and wipe dry any area covered with a transdermal patch that interferes with electrode placement.

What precautions should you take when coming to the scene of an emergency and someone in cardiac arrest?

*Gloves *Alcohol Wipes *stethoscope *Blood Pressure cuff *Pen light *Aromatic spirits of Ammonia *Oxygen tank * flow meter & wrench for oxygen tank * Tubing * nasal canula, pediatric and adult masks * Ambu bag * resuscitation masks in a variety of sizes *airways of different sizes nasal & oral * bandage material and sterile dressings * Adhesive tape * bandage scissors *disposable syringes *Tourniquets *IV supplies: tubing and needles (butterflys and angiocaths) fluids including D5W, NS, D10W, and lactated ringers *Medications for emergency use

What should be included in a crash cart in a medical facility?

a) The Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC)

Which agency created the guidelines called Universal Precautions? a) centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC) b) Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) c) Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) d) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS)

b) chest circumference

Which measurement is taken and recorded in the patient's record but not on the growth chart? a) Head circumference b) chest circumference c) Height d) weight

zinc, copper, magnesium and potassium

Which minerals can cause metabolic disturbances

b) phytochemicals

Which of the following are protective elements found in fruits and vegetables? a) Hydro-proteins b) Phytochemicals c) Amino Acids d) Tryptophan

Islamic

Which of the following cultural or religious groups has dietary laws that prohibit eating and drinking pork? a) HIndu b) Islamic c) Jewish d) Catholic

bulimia

Which of the following disorders is characterized by bingeing and purging? a) Anorexia b) Gluttony c) Bulimia d) obesity

a) vitamin C

Which of the following is a water soluable vitamin? a) Vitamin C b) Vitamin D c) Vitamin K d) Vitamin E

b) scurvy

Which of the following is considered a vitamin C deficiency disease? a) Rickets b) Scurvy c) Beriberi d) Spongy bones

d) all of the above

Which of the following persons are obligated to report neglect or abuse to the proper authorities? a) family members b) health care workers c) neighbors d) all of the above

d) all of the above

Which of the following properly describes inspections of laboratory facilities a) Inspections may be made unannounced at any time b) A monetary fine per item may be assessed on the clinic if a violation is found c) A monetary fine per employee is applied if a violation is found d) All of the above

1) sitting, reading: 80 2) playing golf, not walking or carrying bag: 200 3) Moderate speed walking or bicycling, housework: 250 4) Swimming, tennis doubles, ballet exercises: 350 5) Fast walking, singles tennis, water skiing: 400 6) Running, climbing stairs, heavy manual work: 660 7) soccer, handball: 700

Which type of exercise and how many calories are burned per hour by an average 160 lb. person?

Vitamin A, D, E and K

Which vitamins are fat soluble vitamins?

Vitamins C and B complex

Which vitamins are water soluable?

Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA)

Who serves as a base for all government programs related to nutrition, such as the National School lunch program and the WIC program?

d) It needs to be kept because all microscopes are slightly different

Why should the operation and care manual for the microscope be kept? a) It does not need to be kept b) Only one needs to be kept because all microscopes are the same c) It needs to be kept because it is a HIPAA standard d) It needs to be kept because all microscopes are slightly different

Phase IV: Menstruation

With hormonal support gone, the lining buildup in the uterus begins to slough off (shed), causing menstruation from days 1-5. The excess endometrium and a small amount of blood pass out through the cervix. Estrogen and progesterone levels are low, but the FSH level is rising to the next cycle, preparing the uterine lining and the next ovum for the opportunity of pregnancy.

Respiratory

With infants and children, the prime concern is usually ? because arrest from asphyxia is more common than cardiac arrest. Opening the airway might need to be attempted first to give appropriate CPR -Five Cycles, then break to summon the EMS system

Pott's fracture

a break at the ankle that affects both bones of the leg

Third Degree Burn

a burn involving all layers of the skin; characterized by the destruction of the epidermis and dermis, with damage or destruction of subcutaneous tissue

bulimia nervosa

a condition characterized by alternating periods of overeating followed by forced vomiting and the use of laxatives to remove food from the body.

Heat stroke

a dangerous condition in which the body loses its ability to cool itself through perspiration Should lie down in a cool place, IV and normal saline may be given. -most severe -have red, dry face, skin will be hot and dry body temp above 40C/104F. -Pulse will be rapid and then gradually slow and weaken -respirations rapid and shallow -pupils dilated but equal.

scurvy

a disease caused by lack of fresh fruits and vegetables, and vitamin c in the diet.

rickets

a disease of the bones primarily due to the deficiency of vitamin D.

Beriberi

a disease resulting from lace of vitamin B, thiamine.

ginger

a food substance that can settle the stomach in certain instances, studied for motion sickness, chemotherapy nausea, postsurgical nausea, and morning sickness

Seizure

a severe involuntary contraction of muscles that first causes the patient to become rigid and then have uncontrollable movements -can occur when the patient has high body temperature, head injuries, brain disease or a brain disorder such as epilepsy. -patient becomes unconscious, can be injured during -face and lips can become cyanotic and the pt. might stop breathing -loss of bladder and bowel control -bite the tongue -exhaustion Treatment: Prevent injury, ease to floor -don't restrain, move objects out of the way. -do not force objects between teeth... could cause vomiting, aspiration or spasm of the larynx

Urgent

a situation requiring intervention as soon as can be arranged. This term may be applied to the need for care when experiencing a blocked ureter by a kidney stone.

puncture

a small hole made by a sharp object

Fetoscope

a special stethoscope or a doppler fetal pulse monitor and gel are applied to the abdomen to determine the developing fetus's heart rate.

binge

a spree; to overindulge, such as with alcohol or food.

NREM (Non- rapid eye movement)

a stage of sleep in which the sleeper does not experience rapid eye movement. In a healthy young adult, NREM sleep usually accounts for 75-90% of sleep time.

REM (rapid eye movement) sleep

a stage of sleep in which the sleeper experiences rapid eye movement. In a healthy young adult, REM sleep accounts for 10-25% of sleep time.

Additive

a substance deliberately added to a material to fulfill some specific purpose such as enhancing taste or color or prolonging shelf life

calorie

a unit for measuring the heat value of food. The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of H2o 1 degree centigrade, from 14.5 degrees to 15.5 degrees. All of the body's processes burn calories to provide energy and sustain life.

Infant CPR

a) When assessing the infant's conscious, flick the bottom of the foot. b) Using a resuscitation mouthpiece, cover the infant's mouth and nose c) Observe the infant's chest for evidence of effective breaths d) Use the brachial artery in the arm to check for a return of the pulse.

Transferring Patients

a) lock breaks 2) Take small shuffling steps & avoid crossing the feet 3) keep transfer surfaces close 4) utilize pt. strong side, transfer on strong side 5) use gait belt 6) take advantage of assistance the patient can provide 7) wear non-slip foot wear (you & pt.) 8) explain steps to pt.

amenorrhea

absence of mensus; without menstruation

Vulva Cancer

accounts for 5% of gynecologic malignancies. It occurs usually among older women, most often in their mid-60's, but can occur at any age, even in infancy. Early diagnosis and Tx. Greatly enhance survival. A five year survival rate is 86% in local cases, 54% in regional cases and 16% in distant cases. symptoms: often begin with pruritis, bleeding and a small surface ulcer that becomes infected and painful. Diagnosis: is tentatively made from abnormal cells on a pap smear and the typical clinical findings. Firm diagnosis requires biopsy of the suspected lesion. Risk factors related to vulvar cancer are chronic pruritus, friction, swelling, and dryness and the presence of vulvar diseases,including venereal diseases. Also pigmented moles that are constantly irritated by clothing and perineal pads tend tobe predisposing. Other systemic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and absense of childbirth present risk.

poison

always obtain the patients name, age, sex and weight and ask what was taken, how much was taken and the time it was taken.

rabies

an acute viral infection that is most commonly transmitted to humans by the bite or saliva of an infected animal

Clitoris

an erectile organ located at the anterior junction of the labia minora.

Carbohydrate

an organic combination of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen as a sugar, a starch or cellulose.

Medical Emergency

any situation in which an individual suddenly becomes ill or injured or in circumstances calling for decided action.

P wave

atrial depolarization

Vaginosis

bacterial vaginitis (formerly called gardnerella or nonspecific vaginitis). It is a complex condition that is not understood well at present. The cause of this infection is thought to be an overgrowth of several different types of organisms. The predominant symptom is an increase in vaginal discharge, often with an unpleasant "fish" odor. Redness and itching are rare; however, because bacterial vaginitis can occur with other types of infections, other symptoms may be present. Treatment involves oral antibiotics or an antibiotic vaginal cream therapy.

Phase 1: Follicular Phase

begins day 5 in the cycle (counting from the 1st day of menstruation) Pituitary secretes high levels of FSH to stimulate the ovarian follicles. One follicle ripens an egg & brings about ovulation. During this time the endometrium of the uterus has been stimulated by the high level of estrogen and grown a thick lining in preparation for a fertilized egg (proliferation)

greenstick fracture

bending and incomplete break of a bone; most often seen in children

lateral flexion

bends vertebral column from side to side

Folic Acid benefits for pregnancy, when to start taking it, dose, how often?

benefits: decrease the risk of neural tube defects of the fetus. When: for 3 months prior to conception dose: 1mg (hx. of neural tube defect: increase dose to 4mg daily) how often: daily

closed (simple) fracture

break that does not penetrate the skin

Sleep Apnea

brief episodes of the cessation of breathing during sleep.

Impacted fracture

broken bone ends are forced into each other

atherosclerosis

buildup of plaque in coronary arteries. Can break away from the artery wall and cause a clot to form, which can create a blockage of one or more of the coronary arteries. -Elevate his or her feet -never allow a patient with cardiac symptoms to walk or carry objects such as a heavy purse or coat. -may need to administer o2 (3-4 mL)or administer injection -have crash cart with IV equipment and emergency medication ready for provider.

Fourth Degree Burn

burn in which full thickness of the skin and underlying muscle and bone is damaged

Shock

can be associated with many kinds of injuries and is a serious depressor of vital body functions. Symptoms: a rapid, thready weak pulse shallow rapid respirations; dilated pupils, ashen color and cool clammy skin. -can result from decreased blood volume because of diminished cardiac output causing a drop in blood pressure. -head injury

Crutches

can be used with different gaits or step patterns to assist patient in careful weight bearing only on strong uninjured side.

Life threatening

can cause death. Extensive trauma and massive circulatory or respiratory involvement that might be beyond medical intervention are deemed life threatening.

splinters

can generally be removed with a sterile needle and splinter forceps in the office.

Insulin shock or hypoglycemia

can occur from an excessive amount of insulin in the body. This can happen if food is not eaten regularly in measured amounts, if the patient vomits after taking insulin, after engaging in excessive exercise, or if too much insulin is taken. Symptoms: muscle weakness anxiety mental confusion pounding heartbeat hunger diaphoresis. Skin: cold, pale and moist pt. might lapse into unconsciousness and have seizures Directions: give some form of sugar, Sweetened orange Juice, sublingual sugar, or tubes of glucose are often used.

1st degree burn treatment

cold water, and a dressing to protect area

Autocyte, a new liquid-based form of pap testing involves collecting the sample with a :

collect sample and use a fixative or alcohol solution; Thinprep & autocyte: improved technique that involves collecting the sample with a plastic endocervical broom and immediately placing it into a bottle of preservative solution. The broom is swished 10 times into the solution to remove the collected cells. The solution prevents the cells from drying out and significantly reduces the presence of mucus, bacteria, yeast and pus cells on the slide prepared from the diluted cell samples in the solution. This improves the detection of cancers but greatly improves the detection of precancers. It also provides the ability to do additional studies with the same sample.

Transverse Fracture

complete fracture that is straight across the bone at right angles to the long axis of the bone

Swing through gait

crutches are moved forward, weight is transferred, and both feet swing through the crutches, stopping slightly in front

Vision deficiency in children

deficiencies might not be too obvious. The child either holds books too closely to face or rubs eyes frequently.

Colles fracture

distal radius is broken by falling onto an outstretched hand

Grains to grams

divide by 15

Liters to pints

divide by 2.1

Cubic centimeters to fluid ounces

divide by 30

Cubic millimeters to minims

divide by 63

Name of cells @ 8 weeks pregnancy

embryo

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation

Cravat Bandage

folded triangular bandage

menstrual cycle phases

follicular phase, ovulation, luteal phase, menstruation

Oblique Fracture

fracture at an angle to the bone

pathologic fracture

fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone

comminuted fracture

fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed

Cryosurgery

freezing uses liquid nitrogen to kill cancer cells. It appears to be a blood alternative to radiation and is less invasive than traditional surgery. But it still poses risks including impotence and leakage of urine from the bladder or stool from the rectum.

Candidiasis

fungus or yeast infection, or moniliasis, this is the most common type of vaginal infection that causes irritation symptoms.

Sudden

occurring quickly and without warning. Onset of headaches or allergies can be sudden.

18 months

gross Motor Runs, falling often can jump in place can walk up stairs holding on plays with push and pull toys Fine motor can build a tower of three to four cubes can use a spoon Language Says 10 or more words points to objects or body parts when asked sensory: visual acuity 20/40

Minor Burn

has less than 2% of BSA at the third-degree level and burns on less than 15% for adults and 10% for children at the second degree level.

Acute

having a rapid onset, severe symptoms, and short course. Heart attacks are an example of acute illness.

Measurements obtained at well-child visits are:

head and chest circumference, length, weight, temperature, pulse

Subtle

hidden, not apparent, treacherous. Often, disease conditions have a slow, hidden beginning and the quickly develop symptoms.

Universal emergency medical identification

identification sometimes carried by individuals to identify health problems they may have *heart conditions * diabetes * epilepsy * allergies * laryngectomy

Signs of abuse

inflicting emotional, physical or sexual injury

Intubation

insertion of a tube into the trachea

Inversion

inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)

malnutrition

lack of necessary or proper food substances in the body.

Chronic

long, drawn out, not acute. Some diseases have a slow chronic phase but can quickly change into an acute episode.

anorexia nervosa

loss of appetite; with ? ? loss of appetite for food not explainable by disease, which may be a part of psychosis.

garlic

lowers cholesterol and blood pressure, thereby preventing heart disease. used for centuries to treat TB to hemorrhoids.

Food Allergen Labeling and consumer protection Act (FALCPA)

mandates that the labels of foods containing major food allergens (milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, wheat and soy) list the ingredients on each label in language easy to understand.

Two point gait

matches the crutch to the opposite foot, moving them together

Femoral neck fracture

may compromise the vulnerable medial fermoral circumflex artery which could lead to osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

electrolytes

minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge and affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (pH) your muscle function and other important processes.

Signs of pregnancy

missed menstrual period, tenderness in the breasts, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, change in appetite chadwick's sign: bluish hue of the formerly pale pink cervix

Abrasions

most common type of open wound which is characterized by skin that has been rubbed or scraped away

supination

movement that turns the palm up

Milligrams to grains

multiply by 0.0154

Minims to cubic centimeters

multiply by 0.06

Grams to drams

multiply by 0.257

Grams to grains

multiply by 15

Cubic centimeters to minims

multiply by 16

Ounces to cubic centimeters

multiply by 30

Drams to cubic centimeters

multiply by 4

Minims to cubic millimeters

multiply by 63

Heat Cramps

muscle spasms that result from a loss of large amounts of salt and water through perspiration -Patient may have diaphoresis and should drink large amounts of water -muscle cramps of abdomen, arms, and legs

superficial

near the surface

Infants

new born to 1 year old

Pregnancy length

normal: 37-41 weeks Infant born before the 37th week is called premature, is considerably underweight, and presents challenges due to lack of development.

Epistaxis

nose bleed resulting from dry air or a prolonged period, hypertension, injury or simply blowing nose too hard.

Postmortem

occurring or done after death; usually related to an examination of the body after it is dead

Hypothermia

occurs when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it, resulting in a dangerously low body temperature. This occurs when the body temperature drops lower than 35C/95F. If left untreated, respiratory and heart failure can occur. Symptoms: shivering, slurred speech or mumbling, confusion, weak pulse, shallow breath, Treatment: raising the patient's temperature, remove wet clothing and covering him w/ layers of blankets.

My plate food guidance system (www.choosemyplate.gov)

offers personalized eating plans and interactive tools to help individuals make healthy food choices.

anorexia

one suffering from anorexia

Nutrition

one who is trained in dietetics, which includes nutrition, and in charge of the diet of an institution.

dietitian

one who is trained in dietetics, which includes nutrition, and in charge of the diet of an institution.

Consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Pronation

palm down

Prophylactic

pertaining to preventing or protecting against disease or pregnancy

signs of Neglect

refers to the lack or withholding of care

tactile

relating to the sense of touch

Total Hysterectomy

removal of the uterus and the cervix.

Bacterial vaginitis

same as vaginosis

Third and fourth degree burn treatment

should receive immediate medical treatment. If more than 10% of the BSA is involved, it is considered a major burn of the BSA is involved. It requires surgical intervention, IV fluids for fluid replacement, medication for pain, and probably tetanus antitoxin or a toxoid booster shot if it has been longer than five years since the patient has received one.

Sleeping

sleep on your back if possible with a pillow under your knees or on your side.

Foreign bodies

substances or objects that become logedin any part of the body

fainting (syncope)

sudden loss of consciousness frequently resulting from an insufficient supply of blood to the brain

Diaphoresis (Diaphoretic)

sweat, perspiration, or sweaty

Children and snellen test guidelines

the big E chart requires the child to indicate with his fingers which way the E is facing. The Es become smaller and less bold as the acuity gets more difficult. Results are recorded on the last line correctly identified, the same as with adults on the regular screening chart. The kindergarten version of the chart uses various shapes and symbols in descending size to evaluate vision.

Immobilize

the dislocation during the trip to the medical office or hospital... treat as if they are a fracture.

Urethral orifice

the external opening or urinary meatus, normally located at the tip of the vulva of the female; external genitalia. Minora: the two mucocutaneous folds of the membrane with the labia majora.

Vulva

the female external genitalia, including the clitoris, the labia, minora, and the labia majora.

atrial depolarization

the first part of the cardiac cycle where contraction is beginning. -First impulse is the P wave

cervicitis

the inflammation of the cervix: often only symptoms are purulent, foul-smelling vaginal discharge and tenderness of the cervix. It is caused by an invading organism, usually chlamydia staphylococcus or streeptococcus, herpes simplex. It is also a possible cause. Also associated with pelvic inflammatory disease infected with gonorrhea bacteria.

HPV (human papilloma virus)

the most common sexually transmitted infection in the US. There are many different types of HPV. Some types can cause health problems including genital warts and cancers.

Range of Motion (ROM)

the movement of a joint to the extent possible without causing pain

myocardial Infarction

the occlusion of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup (heart attack) -leading cause of death in men and women -symptoms: pain in chest and radiating into the left shoulder and jaw (mandible) The pulse is usually rapid and weak -possible profuse perspiration -cyanotic lips and fingernails -nausea, anxious, agitated -denial that anything serious is occurring.

water

the odorless and tasteless liquid that descends from the clouds as rain, forms streams, lakes, and seas, and is a major constituent of all living matter.

Second degree burn treatment

treatment for shock, removal of any jewelry because edema might be severe, providing ample amounts of liquid to drink. and covering the burned area with a sterile dressing. Use aseptic sterile dressing if blisters are opened.

neck Rotation

turn head as far as possible in circular movement

Eversion

turning the sole of the foot outward

Bulbourethral glands

two small glands, one on each side of the prostate gland, terminating in the urethra by way of a duct.

Wheelchair

w/c

Obesity

weighing more than 30 % above your ideal weight.

Major burn

when a third degree burn covers more than 10% of BSA or second-degree burns covers more than 25% in adults or 20% in children; burns on the hands feet, or genitalia are also major burns; burns that are complicated by fractures, affect poor-risk patients, or are electrical are also major burns.

Moderate burn

when third-degree burns cover 2-10 % of BSA; second degree burns cover from 15-25 % on adults or over 10% on children.