Communication Test 2- 7, 27,17

Paralanguage has two components:

-Voice qualities: pitch, articulation - Vocalizations: noses without structure such as crying or laughing

Flow differences between verbal and nonverbal

-Verbal Comm: example, a person might stop saying words and continue again. -Nonverbal Comm: Constantly sending messages

Why is listening an important communication principle?

"the most basic need of all human need is the need to understand and to be understood"- Ralph G. Nichols.

Factors of conflict

- Motivation -how they adapt to the conflict -ability to control or manage conflicts

Storing information

- Short term -Long term

Five styles of conflict resolution

-Avoidance - Competing -Compromise -Accommodation -Collaboration

How do nonverbal and verbal communication differ?

-Complexity -Flow -Clarity -Impact -Intentionality

Four types of listening:

-Critical: analyze what you hear - Empathic: understand other's viewpoint -Discriminative: Listening to gain knowledge -Pleasurable: listening for enjoyment

What is the connection between nonverbal communication and deception?

-Deception revealed through leakage -Leakage: nonverbal signals from a communicator

What nonverbal communication occurs through visual cues?

-Facial expression -Oculesics (eye contact, eye movements, pupil dilation) - Body movement (Kinesics) - Hand gestures - Haptics (use of touch) - Objectics (select and use of physical objects)

Listening process:

-Hearing and attention/ concentration - Understanding - Remembering - Evaluating - Responding

How does a high-contact culture differ from a low-contact culture?

-High-Contact Culture: touch more, closer to each other, make more eye contact, talk louder -Low contact culture: touch less, give space to each other, less eye contact speak softly.

Hall divides space into four distances

-Intimate distance: primarily nonverbal -Personal distance: "personal bubble" personal space around oneself. -Social distance: for business or social gatherings -Public Distance: requires louder voice

Types of conflict

-Intrapersonal: Conflict with person -Interpersonal: Conflict between two people -Intragroup: conflict within a group - Intergroup: conflict with two groups

Stages of Conflict

-Latent: potential for conflict exists -Emergence: conflict is triggered - Escalation: conflict intensifies -Resolution: agreement reached or de-escalation occurs

What's the difference between mindless listening and mindful listening?

-Mindless listening: less metal investment involved -Mindful listening: active high-level info processing, more mental investment may cause physical changes in the body

Hall distinguishes two types of time usage

-Monochronic Time: "Time is money" -Polychronic Time: views time more loosely

Impact differences between verbal and nonverbal

-Nonverbal Comm: has the most impact than verbal comm. Example, "actions speak louder than words"

Broad Divisions of nonverbal comm

-Spatial: space -temporal: time -Visual: eyes -Vocal: the way you say something

How do the concepts of threshold and arousal level relate to listening?

-Threshold: minimum leve; of stimulus intensity that enable one to pay attention. For example, volume, motivation, ect. -Arousal level : one's general alertness to certain sounds.

Complexity differences between verbal and nonverbal

-Verbal Comm is one dimensional; involves words -Nonverbal Comm is multidimensional; involves tone of voice, facial expression, position of body

Clarity differences between verbal and nonverbal

-Verbal Comm: a person is actually saying the words so people can understand them -Nonverbal Comm: harder to decifer

What are the functions of Nonverbal Comm?

1. Replaces/ subsitutes verbal messages 2. Reinforces verbal messages (stresses the importance) 3. Contradicts verbal messages. Example, say no but you nod your head yes.

Four Rules for Principled Negotiation...

1. Separate your feelings from the problem 2. Focus on interest 3. Invent various options for mutual gain 4. Use objective criteria: use info to back claims.

Facial Expressions

most important source of nonverbal information, we "read" a lot from facial expressions

Oculesiccs

Eye behavior, show more of one's true feelings

Proxemics

Proxemics (spacial): space and how we use it to communicate nonverbally.

Chronemics (temporal)

Time usage

Intentionality differences between verbal and nonverbal

Verbal Comm: tensional -Nonverbal Comm: maybe (sometimes) intentional

Paralanguage

Vocal cues

Negotiation

a process in resolving differences

Conflict

a struggle between interdependent who perceive incompatible goals, scarce resources, and interference

Kinesics

body movement, study of physical movement

Principle Negotiation

bring a higher level of professionalism less preventing success.

Restorative Justice

making the other person feel like they are responsible (not punishing) but to bring harmony

Listening

process of attending to, hearing, understand, and remember aural (hearing) symbols.

Objectics/ Physical appearance (related to the visual broad division)

selection and use of physical objects

Haptic (related to visual)

touch

Traditional Negotiation

win/lose negotiation strategy