Study guide unit 2 Earth and space.

Mohs scale

1-10 geogolist use items such as fingernale and copper, using the scale if an item is harder than ur finger nail it goes up the scale.

Contact metmorphism

Changes in a rock that is in contact with magma (heat)

Rock that forms from cooling magma beneath the earth's crust is known as

Extrusive igneous rock

Fiolated vs nonfiolated

Fiolated is when a metamorphic rock has layers and striped, nonfoliated is when they don't have any

What are some common properties of sedimentary rocks that are different from igneous and metamorphic rock?

Fossils. Layers. Made above the surface.

What are the following and how do geologists use the following to identify minerals?

Hardness - how easy it is to scratch a mineral. Luster- refers to how a mineral reflects light. Color - the color you see when you look at a mineral in normal light. Streak - the color of a powder of a mineral -cleavage fracture

Igneous rock to a metamorphic rock

Heat and pressure.

Sedimentry into an metamorphic rock

Heat and pressure.

What are the main processes that can change rocks from one form to another?

Heat and pressure. Lava/Magma melting. weathering and erosion.

Pores

Holes in rocks

How geogolist us luster

If an object is shiny its a "metalic luster." If an mineral is dull its called "Non metalic" or "submetalic"

Which type of rock can form both at the earth's surface and deep within earth's crust?

Igeneous

Rock that forms by the cooling and solidifying of lava or magma is known as

Igneous Rock

Coarsed grained

Large crystals

Intrusive igneous rock

Larger crystals, forms from slowly cooling of lava.

Density

Mass (grams) / Volume (cm3) of a rock

Metamorphic rock into an igneous rock

Melting and cooling.

How do we define what a mineral is?

Mineral is a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure

How are rocks different from minerals?

Minerals have a specific chemical structure which is the same throughout the entire mineral. Rocks, on the other hand, are composed of a variety of different minerals and are not consistent throughout their structure.

regional metamorphism

Regional metamorphism is a type of metamorphism where rock minerals and texture are changed by heat and pressure over a wide area or region.

Rock that forms from grains of sand and clay that are eroded by wind or water is known as

Sedimentary Rock

Mechanical weahteirng

Simply breaking the rock apart.

fine grained

Small crystals

What are common tests used to help classify sedimentary rocks?

The glass test, streak of color, acid test, magnetism.

What are some common properties of igneous rocks that are different from metamorphic and sedimentary rock?

They all contain minerals. They can be fine-grained or close-grained. randomly arranged interlocking rocks.

What are some common properties of metamorphic rocks that are different from igneous and sedimentary rock?

They are crystalline and often have a "squashed" (foliated or banded) texture.

color and streak

Using streak is better to identify the color of a mineral, u sratch it on a meterial which takes th eminerals powder.

Metamorphic rock into an sedimentry rock

Weathiring and erosion to sediments to compaction and cementation

Chemical sedimentary rock

can be made from minerals precipitating out of seawater form. Form from chemical weathering debris

Chemical weathering.

dissolves less stable minerals. These original elements of the minerals end up in solution and new minerals may form.

Sedimentry rock to an Igneous rock

face heat and pressure which turns into an metamorhic rock then faces melting and cooling which turns it into an igneous rock.

Why are sedimentary rocks more likely to contain fossils?

fossils are in a location where sediments are most likely to bury them. Because they are near the surface it has less pressure and temperature towards the rocks which helps the sedimentary rock preserve the fossils.

Organic sedimentary rock.

from the accumulation of plant or animal debris can be made from dead plant and animal matter being compressed.

Luster

how a mineral reflects light.

Clastic sedimentary rock

made from bits and pieces of sediment. Form from mechanical weathering debris

Which type of rock only forms deep within the earth's crust?

metamorphic

Rock that forms deep within the earth from intense heat and pressure results in rocks that have changed form and are known as

metamorphic rock.

Extrusive igneous rock

small or no crystals, forms from rapidly cooling lava.

Cleavage

the breaking of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces

Fracture

the breaking of a mineral in irregular surfaces

Conchoidal Fracture

the breaking of a mineral with a curved smooth surface