Community Health Test 1
Transtheoretical Model example
a smoker in precontemplation likely needs different information to move to contemplation than a smoker in action needs to move to maintenance
Risk definition
"the probability that a specific event will occur in a given time frame"
Health belief model examples:
-people with diabetes take medication believing it will work to control blood sugar. -People quit smoking because they believe it will improve their health.
Determinants of health
the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status
Transtheoritical Model
combines several theories of intervention. based on the assumption that behavior change takes place over time, progressing through a sequence of stages
What is health determined by?
•Physical environment •Social environment •Individual behavior •Health services •Biology and genetics
Pender
-Explores biopsychosocial factors that influence individuals to pursue health promotion activities -7 variables behaviors -Threat is not a motivator
Which achievements is Lemuel Shattuck best known for in the United States?
Developing ideas about public health care reform, related to child- related care.
An older adult client who lives alone tells a clinic nurse that he is unable to drive himself to the store and is afraid to cook on teh stove. Which of the following community resources should the nurse recommend for this client?
Meals on wheels
A nurse is using the Theory of Reasoned Action when working with a client to engage in exercise on a regular basis. What factor should the nurse evaluate to determine whether the client will be compliant?
The clients view of the resulting benefits of exercising.
Definition of Health
The extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand, to realize aspirations and satisfy needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, and physical capacities
secondary prevention
Efforts to limit the effects of an injury or illness that you cannot completely prevent.
primary prevention
Efforts to prevent an injury or illness from ever occurring.
Which actions have been effective in reducing problems related to alcohol use?
Enforcement of ban on sales of alcohol to minors and increased taxes on alcoholic beverages
A community health nurse is developing a pamphlet about breast self-examination (BSE) for a local fair. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
Breasts can be examined in the shower with soapy hands
A nurse is using the critical theoretical perspective in practice. Which statement best describes how the nurse would respond when a client suggests that the physician prescribe a widely advertised medication? (SATA)
-Can you tell me what is going on in your life right now? -What have you tried in the past to relieve tension and anxiety?
Macroscopic focus
-Community-based approach -Emphasizes social, economic, and environmental precursors of illness -Nursing interventions may include modifying social or environmental variables -POLICY CHANGE -UPSTREAM THINKING -Milio's framework for prevention -Critical theoretical perspective
Microscopic focus
-Individual patient -Concern is in health problems of interest -DOWNSTREAM THINKING -Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing -The Health Belief Model (HBM)
Health Protection
those behaviors in which one engages with the specific intent to prevent disease, detect disease in the early stages, or maximize health within the constraints of disease
A community health nurse is conducting an educational program on various environmental pollutants. The nurse should emphasize that clients who have which of the following disorders are especially vulnerable to ozone effects?
Asthma
Theory of Reasoned Action
A theory suggests that the decision to engage in a particular behavior is the result of a rational process in which behavioral options are considered, the consequences or outcomes of each are evaluated, and a decision is reached to act or not to act. That decision is then reflected in behavioral intentions, which strongly influence overt behavior.
Health Belief Model
Addresses the relationship between a person's beliefs and behaviors -identify the patient's needs -NEGATIVE: Burden of action placed on client
Pender Model
An individual health promotion model that states that people will work toward what they feel is of value to them and that experiences + environment = learning Behavioral science and nursing Individuals work toward what is of value to them Individuals are influenced by unique internal, external forces Self-efficacy is a critical component Holistic perspective Variables Individual characteristics, experiences Behavior specific cognition and affect Behavior outcome
An occupational health nurse in the clinic of an industrial plant is developing a guidebook for clinic workers. Which of the following actions should the nurse include as a secondary prevention strategy?
Help plant workers identify signs of carpal tunnel syndrome
A school nurse is teaching a group of nurses newly hired to work in the school system about pediculosis capitis (head lice). Which of the following info is appropriate to include in the teaching?
Nits that are shed into the environment are capable of hatching for up to 10 days.
A client did not attend the clinic for required follow- up care after his extensive surgery. Using the Health Belief Model, which would be the most appropriate conclusion for the nurse to make when a client does not attend the clinic for required follow- up care after his extensive surgery?
The health care system is not meeting the clients perceived needs.
A nurse is working with an interdisciplinary disaster committee to develop a community wide emergency response plan in the event of a non biological or chemical incident. The nurse should include which of the following agencies to be notified immediately after calling 911?
Office of Emergency Management (OEM)
A public health nurse is assessing an older adult client who lives with a family member. the nurse identifies several bruises in various stages of healing. The client and family member explain that the bruises are a result of clumsiness. However, based on the distribution of the bruises, the nurse suspects abuse. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
Report the findings to a supervisor
a nurse is establishing health promotion goals for a female client who smokes cigarettes, has hypertension, and has a BMI of 26. Which of the following goals should the nurse include?
The client will walk for 30 min 5 days a week.
What is the purpose of the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)?
To identify key areas of need within communities for the purpose of health promotion and equity.
A public health nurse is teaching a group of nurses about smallpox. Which of the following statements by one of the nurses indicates understanding of the teaching?
Unlike chickenpox the vesicles of smallpox are more abundant on the face
Definition of Community
a collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interests or characteristics form the basis for a sense of unity and belonging
tertiary prevention
actions taken to contain damage once a disease or disability has progressed beyond its early stages
Health Promotion
any combination of health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavior of individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health
what is the most modifiable health risk?
diet
theory of reasoned action example
if someone says, "I think I will get lung cancer if I smoke every day," they hold a belief about smoking.
Orem's self-care deficit theory is based on
individual self-care needs and explains the level of nursing interventions required to assist clients to obtain optimal health
most common form of chemical dependence
smoking
