Composition Semester Exam

paraphrasing

If you are using information from a source in your writing, and you give the details of a passage from the source but put the information into your own words, what are you doing?

Working Bibliography

a record of all sources consulted during research

independent clause

functions alone as a sentence.

narrative

is a kind of writing that presents events in some kind of time sequence with a beginning, middle, and ending and is written for the purpose of making a point.

documenting

publication information about the sources cited in a text

reasons

support for a claim or position

Confirmation

the tendency to favor and seek out information that confirms what we already believe and to reject and ignore information that contradicts those beliefs

quoting

the use of someone else's words exactly as they were spoken or written

Subject

usually a noun/pronoun, names the topic

predicate

which includes a verb, says what the subject is or does.

Formal Language

writing intended to be evaluated by someone such as an instructor or read by an audience expecting academic or businesslike argument and presentation

rhetorical listening

Opening yourself to the thoughts of others and making the effort not only to hear their words but to take those words in and fully understand what

True

The entries in an annotated bibliography should always be presented consistently, following the same style in terms of length and content.

My ability to determine what information is true and what is false. Also, how to find good, honest sources that provide reliable information that is relevant to my topic and answers my research question. Basically, my integrity rests on how much work I am going to put in to finding good-quality sources that provide useful, relevant information that the audience will care about.

What does your integrity as an author rest on?

Plagiarism is using the words and ideas of others as if they were your own.

What is plagiarism?

Secondary

What sources are texts that analyze and interpret primary sources; they offer background and context that can help you gain perspective on your topic.

You should use the same citation style that you will be using in your finished paper.

Which citation style should you use to create the bibliographic entries for the sources in your annotated bibliography?

Patchwriting

paraphrases that lean too heavily on the words or sentence structure of the source, adding, or deleting some words, replacing words with synonyms, altering the syntax slightly

rhetoric

the art, theory, and practice of communication

references

the list of sources at the end of a text prepared in APA style or CSE style

Annotating

the process of taking notes, underlining key information, and marking aspects of a text that strike you as important while reading

Attribution Bias

the tendency to think that our motivations for believing what we believe are objectively good while thinking that those who we disagree with have objectively wrong motivations

paraphrasing

to reword someone else's text using about the same number of words but not the phrasing or sentence structure of the original

coordinating conjunction

FANBOYS used to join two elements in a way that gives equal weight to each one

In The Amazing Race, they had to do a whole lot of research. They had to go to a place, ask questions, interview people, find good, reliable, and relevant sources for information, observe, and use what they found to incorporate it into the show. In a research paper, we have to do pretty much the same thing. We have to research certain topics, find good sources, find what information is relevant and helpful to the paper, maybe interview people and observe them, and incorporate the information into the paper.

How is the show, The Amazing Race, similar to what you're doing writing a research paper?

Articles, books, conference papers, and some websites are all scholarly sources. They go in-depth, cite, and document sources. They have been peer-reviewed and evaluated, meaning an expert has gone through and made sure the information is accurate and supported.

List 2 types of scholarly sources. These sources have typically gone through a process that means they've been evaluated by experts in the field before publication. What is this process?

Questions to consider: Is it relevant to my topic - will it help me answer my research question or provide helpful information? Who are the authors - experts, who are they affiliated with that may change their viewpoint? Who's the publisher/sponsor - possible agendas? What's the title - relevant, too good to be true, serios, humorous, does it match with the text? When was it last published/updates? What's the URL? What's the genre? Is it cited in other sources?

List 3 questions your book provides to determine whether or not the source is worth your attention.

Four general databases: Academic Search Complete (EBSCO), JSTOR, NexisUni, ProQuest One ProQuest One provides full text articles from journals, periodicals, newspapers, dissertations, and video broadcasts

There were four general databases mentioned (21). Identify one of them and describe the type of sources it provides.

Wikipedia, Google, and YouTube are good starting places for research. Social media, to some extent as well, could be a good starting point. But when we get information from these sites, it is important to read defensively, and look deeper for truth. Don't trust everything you read, especially on these types of sources.

What 3 sources can you use that might be "casual sources," or sources you might have been steered away from using in the past?

Google Scholar and JURN are both academic, scholarly search engines that produce peer-reviewed works on periodicals. Google Scholar produces more results in newspapers and academic papers. JURN produces more results in journal-type articles. They both produce at least some results in both, but they focus on some things more than others.

What does Google Scholar tend to produce more results in? What does JURN focus on?

Crap detection

What does Howard Rheingold call the method of separating the credible sources from the questionable ones on the unending stream of information on the internet?

Synthesis is taking ideas from different sources, identifying connections among them, and blending them with your own ideas to make something new.What does synthesis mean in academic writing?

What does synthesis mean in academic writing?

Misinformation

What is false or inaccurate information that may or may not be intended to deceive (lies, on the other hand, are always told deliberately)?

Reading defensively

What is the kind of reading that doesn't take things at face value, that questions underlying assumptions, that scrutinizes claims carefully, and that does not rush to judgment?

You should always include an in-text citation for any quoted, paraphrased, or summarized information from a source.

What should you do to avoid plagiarism in your academic writing?

Primary

What sources are original documents or materials, firsthand accounts, or field research like interviews or observations?

Nicholas Carr, the author of "World and Screen," has done in-depth research about how technology is affecting us as humans. In this article, he points out, "The automation of wayfinding distances us from the environment that shaped us" (897).

Which of the following choices shows the correct way to punctuate a quotation followed by a parenthetical citation?

a discussion of how you plan to use each source a description or summary of each source bibliographic information for each source All of these elements can be included in an annotated bibliography

Which of the following elements is often included in an annotated bibliography?

establishing the context of your topic

Which of the following involves pulling information from a variety of sources to give your reader a sense of the main trends of thought about your topic?

to add your ideas to the conversation about your research topic

Which of the following is the MOST important reason to engage in synthesis in academic writing?

Following documentation conventions helps you establish your credibility as a researcher and author.

Which of the following is the MOST important reason to follow documentation conventions in your academic writing?

What ideas have you encountered in your research that you particularly agree or disagree with, or that you can build on or challenge?

Which of the following questions could you ask to help you move from the ideas or positions of your sources to your own ideas about your topic or issue?

What does this source add to my understanding of my topic?

Which of the following questions would you answer if you were describing in an annotation how you might use a source in your research project?

You are thinking about how the sources you've found expand your understanding of your research topic and how you would respond to the ideas and information they contain. You are looking for interactions between different sources, for example when a source cites or responds to another source. You are looking for similarities and differences in the positions, evidence, or ideas that different sources express. You are doing all of these things when you synthesize information.

Which of the following things are you doing when you synthesize information?

people's opinions and writing, and anything that could be debated or controversial

Which of the following types of information should you always cite in your academic writing?

A description of the article

Which part of an annotation for an article would objectively discuss the article's main ideas, the author's stance, and the context of the article?

to make your writing more persuasive by establishing your credibility and authority with your audience

Why should you use information from authoritative sources in your academic writing?

summarizing

You are writing a paper, and you want to use the main conclusion of an article to help support your argument. The article is very lengthy, and the details of how the author arrived at the conclusion are not important for your purpose. Which of the following ways of incorporating the information in your essay would be the MOST effective?

no, because this information is easily accessible from a variety of sources

You are writing a research paper about environmental concerns for sea life in the Gulf of Mexico, and you want to explain that the Gulf of Mexico is bordered mainly by Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Mexico, and Cuba. Do you need to cite the source of this information in your paper?

As Mike Rose discusses, in our culture, we tend to think that people in lower-level jobs must also have lower levels of intelligence because, for us, education equals intelligence (1036).

You want to use this idea from Mike Rose's article "Blue-Collar Brilliance" in your academic essay: "Intelligence is closely associated with formal education--the type of schooling a person has, how much and how long--and most people seem to move comfortably from that notion to a belief that work requiring less schooling requires less intelligence." You don't want to quote the entire sentence in your essay, however. Which of the following choices shows the MOST acceptable use of paraphrase to integrate the information into your essay?

proposal

a genre that argues for a solution to a problem or suggests some action

clause

a group of words that consists of at least a subject and a predicate; a clause may be either independent or subordinate

phrase

a group of words that lacks a subject, a verb, or both

genre

a kind of writing marked by and expected to have certain key features and to follow certain conventions of style and presentation

works cited

a list at the end of a researched text prepared in MLA or Chicago style that contains full bibliographic information for all the sources cited in the text

Signal Phrase

a phrase used to attribute quoted, paraphrased, or summarized material to a source, as in "she said" or "he claimed"

Primary Sources

a source such as a literary work, historical document, work of art, or performance that a researcher examines first hand

thesis

a statement that identifies the topic and main point of a piece of writing, giving readers an idea of what the text will cover

media

a way that a text is delivered--for example, in print, with speech, or online

transitions

a word or phrase that helps connect sentences and paragraphs and guide readers through a text

qualifying words

a word such as frequently, often, generally, sometimes, or rarely that limits a claim in some way

stance

a writer's attitude toward his or her subject (reasonable, neutral, angry, curious)

purpose

a writer's goal: to explore ideas; express oneself; entertain; demonstrated learning; inform; persuade

report

a writing genre that presents information to readers on a subject

argument

a writing genre/strategy that uses reasons and evidence to support a claim or position and, sometimes, to persuade an audience to accept that position

Secondary Sources

an analysis or interpretation of a primary source

Synthesis

bringing together ideas and information from multiple sources

Context

conditions affecting the text such as what else has been said about a topic

evidence

in argument, the data you present to support your reasons

Credibility

the sense of trustworthiness that a writer conveys through the text

summarizing

the use of one's own words and sentence structure to condense someone else's text into a briefer version that gives the main ideas of the original

design

the way a text is arranged and presented visually

tone

the way a writer's or speaker's stance toward the readers and subject is reflected in the text

audience

those to whom a text is directed--the people who read, listen to, or view the text