(Connect) smartbook
bureaucratic agencies can benefit from...
- focusing on policies a president wants to address - addressing the concerns of voters important to members of congress
civil servants are prohibited from doing which of the following?
- negotiating salaries - striking to get what they want
what are characteristics of job specialization in a bureaucracy?
- a precise division of labor within the bureaucracy - the explicit definition of duties for each position
which of the following are ways in which accountability is encouraged within bureaucracies?
- administrative law judges - senior executive service - whistleblower protections
which of the following social regulations originated in the 1960s or later?
- automobile safety - a cleaner environment
which of the following monitor the federal bureaucracy's actions?
- the president - congress - the court system
the excise tax on gasoline is an example of a tax based on the...
benefits recieved
which committees in congress are responsible for reviewing the president's budget and for recommending overall spending and revenue levels?
budget committees
bureaucrats are powerful because they...
do work that directly impacts the lives of americans
the system of production and transactions by which goods and services are distributed in the marketplace is known as the...
economy
the shifting of taxes to citizens in other states is known as tax _______
exporting
efforts to manage the economy through taxing and spending decisions by the government are known as...
fiscal policy
Who was appointed Fed chair in 2018?
jerome powell
according to supply-side economics, which of the following should the government do?
lower taxes on businesses and high-income taxpayers
the final authority of approving budgets for federal agencies rests with the...
members of congress
to pay for the services a state government must provide, states rely on _______ sources
numerous
The federal government's fiscal year starts on...
october 1
taxes on natural gas and oil production in texas...
- are likely to rise over the long term - are based on the dollar value of what is extracted
the three items that consume the majority of the budget in most states are which of the following?
- education - health and welfare - transportation
government regulation in part helps to promote economic...
- efficiency - equity
in which of the following areas has the environmental protection agency been successful?
- energy efficiency has increased - toxic waste emissions have been halved - polluted lakes and rivers have been revitalized - food supplies are safer
virginia gray's liberalism index uses which of the following policy indicators?
- gun control laws - abortion laws - conditions for TANF benefits - tax progressivity - right-to-work laws
the administrative law system is designed to be _____ than the regular federal court system
- less formal - faster - less expensive
if congress is displeased with a bureaucracy's performance or behavior, what are some actions it can take?
- modify its authority - cut its budget
which of the following statements about taxes based on an individual's ability to pay are accurate?
- most taxes at the state level are not based on ability to pay - the federal income tax is a tax based on an individual's ability to pay
the government's provision of national security is an example of...
- nonexcludability - nonrivalrous consumption
which of the following describe the common-pool goods?
- nonexclusive - exhaustive
what are the two primary ways to attain a merit-based civil service job?
- performing well on a competitive exam - having specialized training
which of the following are stages of james anderson's "policy cycle"?
- problem identification and agenda setting - policy formulation - policy adoption - policy implementation - policy evaluation
the clientele groups for the department of education include...
- public school students and their parents - public school teachers - the national education association
in past financial crises, revenue shortfalls in texas have been resolved by which of the following?
- raising sales taxes - raising gasoline taxes - increasing fees
the earmarking of revenues limits the ability of the legislature to...
- react to emergency situations that may need money - change budget priorities
most units of the US federal bureaucracy fall into which of the following forms?
- regulatory agency - independent agency - presidential commission - government corporation - cabinet department
the third wave of regulatory reforms, carried out in the 1960s and the 1970s, differed from predecessors in what way?
- the agencies established have a broader mandate - the agencies established are less likely to be influenced by a single industry
which of the following accurately describes the demographic representativeness of the US federal bureaucracy?
- the bureaucracy as a whole come close to being representative of the US population - at the top levels, white males still dominate the federal bureaucracy - women are better represented among the top ranks of administrators than they are in congress of the judiciary
which of the following are examples of regulatory agencies?
- the environmental protection agency - the securities and exchange commission
which of the following criticisms have been leveled against the fed since its inception in 1913?
- the fed isn't accountable to voters - the fed represents the banking sector rather than the public
which of the following are among the most significant contributors that government makes to businesses?
- the nation's airports - the nation's highway system - college and university funding
what are some ways bureaucrats have expertise in their areas?
- they have scientific, technical, or other types of training - they have spent years working with particular policies
which of the following accurately describe members of the federal reserve board?
- they serve for fixed terms - they are relatively insulated from political pressure - they are appointed by the president
the government pays benefits to farmers in part because...
- this assistance helps to stabilize farmers' income - external conditions can hurt crops and farm prices
congress passed the whistleblower protection act for which of the following reasons?
- to provide whistleblowers with financial reward for reporting misdeeds - to protect employees from retaliation if they report their supervisors' misdeeds
which of the following are consequences that scientists attribute to global warming?
- water shortages - rising sea levels - extreme heat waves
in terms of total dollars in the state budget, the various service charges and fees in texas provide _______ percent of total state revenue
15
by state law, the local sales tax is fixed at no more than _____ percent of the value of the sale
2
In promoting their agency's goals, bureaucrats rely on...
all of these: their expert knowledge, the backing of the president and congress, and the support of clientele groups
most of the government's current environmental policies...
are the legacies of policies from the 1960s and 1970s
which of the following statements about an administrative agency's implementation of policy is correct?
bureaucrats can only spend money appropriated by congress
the largest portion of federal aid to texas goes to medicare/medicaid and welfare payments. what does the next largest share go to?
business and economic development
since congress authorizes bureaucratic agencies, the agencies...
can be sued in court if a party does not feel that the agency carried out the law properly
if the language in a law, rule, or regulation is clear and precise, the law, rule, or regulation...
can still be interpreted in an unintended manner
a state's potential to tax is call its tax ______
capacity
thanks to _____, public policy analyses in an out of government seek to figure out the effectiveness, efficacy, and economics of a policy
computers and analytic software
for its estimates on government spending and revenues, congress relies mainly on what organization?
congressional budget office
according to the SPI and gray indices, texas is one of the most ______ states in the country
conservative
after 9/11 President Bush sought to streamline the intelligence bureaucracy and thus make it more efficient by...
consolidating all of the intelligence services under a single director
The cabinet department with the largest number of full-time civilian employees is the Department of...
defense
to improve efficiency, sometimes congress removes legislation affecting certain industries. this process is called...
deregulation
(T/F) keynes's theory is based on supply-side economics and the theory that when the economy is sluggish, the government needs to increase spending
false
in financial terms, a federal agency must prove that its proposed regulation...
has benefits that outweigh the costs
why did governor perry veto a version of a bill restricting texting while driving?
he didn't want to restrict texans due to public policy
The Department of ________ was created in 2002.
homeland security
during the budgetary process, federal agencies follow guidelines that...
include limits on the amount of money they can request
taxes that rise and fall quickly relative to changes in economic conditions are...
income-elastic
according to monetarists, too much money in circulation contributes to _________ because too many dollars are chasing too few goods
inflation
as compared to 50 years ago, federal employment today...
is roughly at the same level
how has the environmental protection act of 1970 protected the environment?
it allows government to hold businesses accountable for the pollution that they create
what aspect of texas's governmental structure helps it to avoid the legislative problem of making a hasty decision due to pressure from constituents?
its biennial structure
minimum wage laws, maximum hour laws, and worker safety regulations are examples of ways that government promotes _________ interests
labor
one condition that decreases the efficiency of markets by ensuring that there is little to no competition is a...
monopoly
as compared to the national average, a texas family in the lowest 20 percent of income pays _______ of their income in taxes
more
in contrast to a budget surplus, a budget deficit means that the government has spent...
more money than it collected
the idea behind making the federal bureaucracy more demographically representative of the nation as a whole is that it will make the bureaucracy...
more responsive to the people it serves
bill clinton campaigned on the issue of "reinventing government" and, once elected, put that promise into action through the...
national performance review
service charges, fees, and the lottery are sources of...
nontax revenue
what is the only kind of tax that cannot be shifted to others?
personal income taxes
_________ _________ is a common measure of state policy ideology that can be used to compare the 50 states
policy liberalism
a person's answer to the question, "what should governments do?" is influenced by their _____, which is their belief about political processes and the role that government should play in society
political values
what is/are the most important and most difficult step in the policy-making process?
problem identification and agenda setting
low-income people pay the highest percentage of their income through a(n) _______ tax regime
regressive
what kind of government agencies make and enforce public policy with regard to a specific type of economic activity?
regulatory
presidential appointees to which type of federal agency will likely have the most influence?
regulatory agencies
what is the chief way of administrative agencies exercise control over policy?
rule-making for legislation
an agency that is trying to retain or increase its funding would be well advised to...
seek support where it can be found, regardless of politics
for most taxes, showing direct benefit is problematic. benefit received is more applicable to which of the following?
service charges or fees
which book by author rachel carson is largely credited with beginning the american conservation movement with its publication in 1962?
silent spring
through local sales taxes and local property taxes, local governments collect and pay _______ of the total taxes in texas
slightly over half
free public education is an example of a ______ good
social
all items that are subject to tax make up a state's ______ ______
tax base
which entity of the national government is most responsible for monetary policy?
the federal reserve system (the fed)
inflation became a major issue in the US at what point in history?
the last years of the vietnam war
bureaucrats tend to follow...
their own agency's point of view
which of the following statements about presidential commissions is true?
they provide advice to the president on specific issues
as of 2017, where did the franchise fee rate in terms of revenue sources for texas?
third-largest source of tax revenue
_________ goods are often nonexhaustive only to a certain point (think about toll roads and public beaches)
toll
an important way in which US governments have supported businesses is by...
training workers through the nation's system of public colleges and universities
(T/F) most taxes in texas are paid by consumers and not by businesses
true
(T/F) some federal agencies function as independent agencies rather than within a cabinet-level department, because putting the agencies in a department would make their missions subordinate to the department's primary mission
true