consumer behavior chapter 3
cooptation
A cultural process by which the original meanings of a product or other symbol associated with a subculture are modified by members of mainstream culture
global consumer culture
A culture in which people around the world are united through their common devotion to brand name consumer goods, movie stars, celebrities, and leisure activities.
hofstede dimensions of national culture
A measurement system that scores a country in terms of its standing on six dimensions so that users can compare and contrast values.
etic perspective
An approach to studying (or marketing to) cultures that stresses commonalities across cultures
pretailer
An e-commerce site that provides exclusive styles by prodding manufacturers to produce runway pieces they wouldn't otherwise make to sell in stores
creolization
Foreign influences integrate with local meanings i.e. Indian beggars sell coca cola
value
a belief that some condition is preferable to its opposite
craft product
a creation valued because of the beauty with which it performs some function; this type of product tends to follow a formula that permits rapid production, and it is easier to understand than an art product
art product
a creation viewed primary as an object of aesthetic contemplation without any functional value
reciprocity norm
a culturally learned obligation to return the gesture of a gift with now of equal value
value system
a culture's ranking of the relative importance of values
more
a custom with a strong moral overtone
binary opposition
a defining structural characteristic of many myths in which two opposing ends of some dimension are represented (e.g.. good versus evil, nature versus technology)
custom
a norm that controls basic behaviors, such as division of labor in a household
consumer style
a pattern of behaviors, attitudes, and opinions that influences all of a person's consumption activities- including attitudes toward advertising, preferred channels of information and purchase, brand loyalty, and rice consciousness
sacralization
a process that occurs when ordinary objects, events, or people take on sacred meaning to a culture or to specific groups within a culture
cultural formula
a sequence of media events in which certain roles and props tend to occur consistently
ritual
a set of multiple. symbolic behaviors that occur in a fixed sequence and that tend to be repeated periodically
myth
a story containing symbolic elements that expresses the shared emotions and ideals of a culture
laddering
a technique for uncovering consumers' associations between specific attributes and general values
plinking
act of embedding a product or service link in a video
emic perspective
an approach to studying for (or marketing to) cultures that stresses the unique aspects of each culture
antifestival
an event that distorts the symbols associated with other holidays
means-end chain model
assumes that people link very specific product attributes (indirectly) to termial values.
fortress brands
brands that consumers closely link to rituals; this make it unlikely to be replaced
core values
common general values held by a culture
terminal values
end states desired by members of a culture
instrumental values
goals endorsed because they are needed to achieve desired end states or terminal values
list of values (LOV) scle
identifies consumer segments based on the values members endorse and relates each value to differences in consumption behaviors
cultural gatekeepers
individuals who are responsible for determining the types of messages and symbolism to which members of mass culture are exposed
ritual artifact
items ( consumer goods) used in the performance of rituals
conventions
norms that relate how we conduct our everyday lives
advergaming
online games merged with interactive advertisements that let companies target specific types of consumers
rites of passage
sacred times marked by a change in social status
grooming rituals
sequences of behaviors that aid in the transition from the private self to the public self or back again
gift-giving ritual
the events involved in the selection, presentation, acceptance, and interpretation of gifts
ideology
the mental characteristics of a people and the way they relate to their environment and social groups
cultural selection
the process by which some alternatives are selected over others by cultural gatekeepers
profane consumption
the process of consuming objects and events that are ordinary or of the everyday world
sacred consumption
the process of consuming objects and events that are set apart from normal life and treated with some degree of respect or awe
acculturation
the process of learning the beliefs and behaviors endorsed by another culture
enculturation
the process of learning the beliefs and behaviors endorsed by one's own culture
product placement
the process of obtaining exposure for product by arranging for it to be inserted into a movie, television show, or smoother medium
desacralization
the process that occurs when a sacred item or symbol is removed from its special place, or is duplicated in mass quantities, and becomes profane as a result
reality engineering
the process whereby elements of popular culture are appropriated by marketers and become integrated into marketing strategies
culture production systems (CPS)
the set of individuals and organizations responsible for creating and marketing a cultural product
collecting
the systematic acquisition of a particular object or set of objects
social structure
the way mambo's of a culture maintain an orderly social life
ecology
the way members of a culture adapt toothier physical habitat
crescive norms
unspoken rules that govern social behavior
hoarding
unsystematic acquisition of objects ( in contrast to collecting)
culture
values, ethics, rituals, traditions, material objects, and services produced or valued by the members of a society
contamination
when a place or object takes on sacred qualities because of its association with another sacred person or event
objectification
when we attribute sacred qualities to mundane items
