Contemporary Social Issues Final

The poorest 2/5s of the world's population (2 billion people) live on _____ a day. -$2 -$5 -$10 -$50

$2

One problem in rural areas that often isn't recognized is that it is a ___________ population. -aging -youthful -middle aged -affluent

aging

Poor air quality in urban areas can results in which of the following health issues? -respiratory -heart disease -higher mortality rates -all of the above

all of the above

One way that people can help reduce homophobia and heterosexism is to _____________________________ -Parents tell children that all sexual orientations are valid. -schools can continue to provide education and accepting environments to all sexual orientations. -pass a federal law that makes workplace -discrimination against LGBTQ people illegal. -all of the above.

all of the above.

Hormonal balance in the womb is a theory that prenatal ____________ imbalances can cause sexual orientation. -androgen -estrogen -testosterone -serotonin

androgen

Dwelling units in cities are typically small because of space forcing people to live in close quarters within a particular dwelling unit is known as ___________________________ -residential crowding -urban crowding -household crowding -population density

household crowding

Supplemental Poverty Measure takes into account family expenses ____________________. -in addition to food -except food -for food and shelter -gas money

in addition to food

____________ is a type of discrimination that people practice in their daily lives, that is one-on-one. -institutional discrimination -individual discrimination -active discrimination -racism

individual discrimination

During what decade in the last 100 years was the U.S. most successful in battling poverty? -1920s -1950s -1990s -1960s

1960's

The _______ feminist movement in the U.S. was focused on the right to vote. -1st -2nd -3rd -All of the above

1st

Urban is defined at all territory, population and housing units in areas of ________ or more persons incorporated as cities or towns. -1,200 -2,500 -5,000 -10,000

2,500

What percent of hate crimes were sexual orientation-biased? -50% -2.5% -25% -15.8%

25%

African Americans and Latinos are almost ____________ times as likely as non-Latino whites to be poor. -1% -2% -3% -10%

3%

The richest fifth of the world's population has ________ of the world's entire income. -3/4 -1/4 -1/3 -2/3

3/4

________ of the U.S. population lives in urban areas. -3/4 -1/3 -1/2 -1/4

3/4

By the 1950s the world's population doubled to _______ living in urban areas. -50% -30% -75% -80%

30%

More than _________ women die worldwide annually from complications during pregnancy or childbirth. -1 million -12 million -100,000 -500,000

500,000

The incarceration rate for African American is ______ the rate of whites. -2x -100x -4x -5x

5x

The poverty line is calculated using _______________ that the typical American family spends. -A minimal diet times 3 -All family expenses -Room and board expense -All of the above.

A minimal diet times 3

According to Robert Merton, someone that is both prejudice and actively discriminates is known as a _______________. -all-weather liberals -fair-weather liberals -timid bigot -active bigot

Active bigot

________ refers to special consideration for minorities and women in employment and education to compensate for the discrimination and lack of opportunities they experience in the larger society. -Affirmative Action -profiling -social justice courses -Jim Crow law

Affirmative Action

It is very difficult for the LGBTQ community to come out because they are often faced with which of the following challenges? -Bullying -Hate crimes -Discrimination -All of the above

All of the above

What are the indicators of a nation's health? -Adequate sanitation -Access to clean water -Child mortality -All of the above

All of the above

What type of institutional discrimination do women typically face more than their male counterparts? -Workplace -Household inequalities -Sexual harassment -All of the above

All of the above

Which of the following is a possible program/policy proposed by the author for helping with racial prejudice and discrimination? -Strengthen legal enforcement of existing laws forbidding racial and ethnic discrimination in hiring and promotion. -Adopt a national â full employmentâ policy involving federally funded job training and public works programs -Strengthen efforts to reduce residential segregation. -All of the above

All of the above

If gender differences stem from _________ than these differences are perhaps inevitable and the status quo will remain. -Psychological -Sociological -Biological -Left entirely to the individual

Biological

Bobby has recently discovered that they aren't really attracted to males or females. In fact, it usually takes a great deal of time for them to become physically attracted to someone because they find they are more attracted to the personality than the sex of a person. -Bobby is asexual -Bobby is bisexual -Bobby is homophobic -Bobby is pansexual.

Bobby is pansexual.

Two trends impacting the decline of city populations over the last half-century are__________________________________________________________. A) the movement of people to the suburbs B) the movement of people from northern to southern cities C) the movement of people from west to east D) globalization E) Both A & B

Both A & B

Ancient _________ was one of the few historic cases where we see male and female homosexual relationship accepted by the culture. -Rome -Greece -China -Japan

China

___________ theorists view stratification as resulting from a lack of opportunity and from discrimination and prejudice against the poor, women and people of color. -Conflict -Functionalist -Symbolic Interactionist -Sociologist

Conflict

________ violence during the 1830s became so common it has been called the "turbulent era". -Urban -Domestic -Gun -Mass

Mass

___________ are somewhat more heterosexist than ________. -Men, women Women, men -Christians, Catholics -None of the above

Men, women

__________ in poor nations are 42 times more likely to die from childbirth. -Babies -Mothers -Baby boys -Baby girls

Mothers

The emphasis that women of color are oppressed not only because of their gender but also because of their race and class is the philosophy behind which form of feminism? -Liberal Feminism -Socialist Feminism -Radical Feminism -Multicultural Feminism

Multicultural Feminism

Male privilege is the process of automatically receiving benefits from a ________ society whether or not males realize they have these advantages. -Capitalist -Socialist -Sexist -Patriarchal

Patriarchal

Which one is not a means of helping the poor -Increase Pell grants and financial aid for higher education. -Establish universal health insurance. -Increase supply of affordable housing. -Pay a full salary to those living below the poverty regardless of work status or ability.

Pay a full salary to those living below the poverty regardless of work status or ability.

_________ in ancient cities led to rampant disease and high death rates. -Urbanization -rationalization -Poor sanitation -Health care

Poor sanitation

According to the EEOC, workplace discrimination is treating someone unfavorably because he/she is of a certain ________ or because of personal characteristics associated with ______. -Ethnicity -Identity -Race -Ability

Race

___________ is a social construct that categories people based on perceived biological/physical characteristics. -Race -Ethnicity -Prejudice -Discrimination

Race

________ refers to the anatomical and other biological differences between females and males that are determined in utero. -Gender -Sex -Sexual orientation -Sexuality

Sex

_____________ attributes global stratification to the exploitation of the poorer nations by richer nations. -Dependency theory -Modernization theory -Functionalist theory -Individualistic theory

Dependency theory

_________ are recent immigrants and members of various ethnic groups who live among each other in certain neighborhoods. -Ethnicity -Ethnic Villagers -Deprived -Cosmopolites

Ethnic Villagers

__________ is the idea that gender ideas evolved from prehistoric times when women needed to birth babies and nurture them so men became the warriors. -Testosterone-aggression theory -Functionalism -Conflict -Evolutionary psychology

Evolutionary psychology

Asexuality is when someone experiences sexual attraction or desire to all people. True or False

False

Domestic Violence is not a major issue in rural areas. -True -False

False

Issues around traffic in rural areas can caused increased stress which leads to more health issues for people living in these areas. -True or -False

False

Older people are considerably more _____________ than younger people. -homosexual -heterosexual -bisexual -heterosexist

False

Poor people typically don't work and that is why they are poor. -True or -False

False

The cultural expectations we have of girls and women is called __________. -Gender -Sex -Femininity -Masculinity

Femininity

When does the socialization of gender roles begin? -Childhood -Adolescence -Young adulthood -From birth

From birth

_________ view urban areas as important because they serve important creative, business, and social functions for society. -Symbolic Interactionism -Conflict -Functionalism -Feminism

Functionalism

__________ argues that since twins typically have the same sexual orientation there is a correlation between our genes and our sexual orientation. However, no statistically significant correlation has been discovered yet. -Brain Anatomy argument -Hormonal balance argument. -Nurture argument -Genetics argument

Genetics argument

GDP stands for __________________. -Growth, Demand, and Population -Global Dollar Process -Gross Domestic Product -None of the above

Gross Domestic Product

____________________ is the explanation that the poor have personal problems and deficiencies that are responsible for their poverty. -Social constructionist -Individualistic explanation -Culture of poverty -Structural explanation

Individualistic explanation

Alfred C. Kinsey is known for the development of the _________, the first notable attempt to measure sexual orientation. -Kinsey Scale -Kinsey's Institute -Kinsey's sexual orientation tool -a diaphragm

Kinsey Scale

_________ believes that the equality of women can be achieved within our existing society by passing laws and reforming social, economic and political institutions. -Liberal Feminism -Socialist Feminism -Radical Feminism -Multicultural Feminism

Liberal Feminism

_______________ explains prejudice as something developing from authoritarian personalities that develop due to harsh discipline from parents. -Social-Psychological explanations -deviance theory -sociological -biological

Social-Psychological explanations

__________ is the process by whereby individuals learn the culture of their society and groups. -Socialization -Growing up -Entertaining -Culture

Socialization

The idea that U.S. poverty stems from problems in the American society that leads to lack of opportunity is _______________. -Social constructionist -Individualistic explanation -Culture of poverty -Structural explanation

Structural explanation

_______ argues that cities are not chaotic but instead a well balanced interaction of norms and values that enable people to live vastly different lives. -Symbolic Interactionism -Conflict -Functionalism -Feminism

Symbolic Interactionism

___________ theorists view stratification as affecting people's beliefs, lifestyles, daily interaction, and conceptions of themselves. -Conflict -Functionalist -Symbolic Interactionist -Sociologist

Symbolic Interactionist

According to many sociologist, the reason most citizens and policymakers think the poor are poor is because __________ -Societal issue -Poor education -Their own failings -Not enough to go around

Their own failings

People below the poverty line tend to suffer more health problems because _________________. -They are underinsured or uninsured -The don't take care of themselves -They choose not to get insurance -They live in healthy and environments with lots of resources

They are underinsured or uninsured

Sam was born a female but since a young age, she felt like she didn't "fit" with the expected norms and behaviors of being female. Lately, she felt like her gender identity departed from conventional norms and that she maybe ______. -Heterosexual -Bisexual -Gay -Transgender

Transgender

While _______ is often included in both the discussion of sexual orientation and the acronym LGBT it is not a sexual orientation. -heterosexuality -Transgender -questioning -bisexuality

Transgender

An LGBTQ person can be fired from their job because of their sexual orientation and it is considered legal. -True or -False

True

Opponents of affirmative action say that it is reverse discrimination because people are being given special treatment based of skin color and not skill set. -True or -False

True

Proponents of same-sex marriage argue that marriage is a societal institution, not just a religious one and that many heterosexual couples do not have children so, therefore, it is not the premise of marriage. -True or -False

True

There is historical evidence that people's prejudices change. -True or -False

True

Urban issues around housing include lack of affordable housing, racial segregation and homelessness -True or -False

True

Violence against women is another manifestation of gender inequality. True or False

True

About ¼ of children under the age of five are _______________ in developing nations. -Underweight -Obese -Healthy -Well taken care of

Underweight

___________ is a societal shift from rural to urban areas. -Urbanization -Industrialization -Feudal -Agricultural

Urbanization

Which is not a cost to men based on their sex? -Violent Victimization -Workplace discrimination -Toxic masculinity -Higher rates of suicide

Workplace discrimination

Cities have many fiscal issues including paying for _______________________. -big events -tourist projects -spending projects -basic services

basic services

At any one time 22 percent of ________ are poor. -U.S Citizens -adults -households -children

children

Conflict theorist point out that sometimes the diverse background of people residing in cities can ___________. -clash -help build bonds -create -none of the above

clash

High rate of illiteracy in poor nations reflects the poverty and also _____________it. -contributes to -decreases -helps it -increases

contributes to

___________ is belief that people of color lack the values needed to be successful in American economic and social systems. -color of skin -cultural deficiencies -biological inferiority -structural problems

cultural deficiencies

__________ is a behavior. It is acting on your negative attitudes, beliefs and judgments and treating people differently because of a perceived characteristic. -prejudice -discrimination -racism -racist

discrimination

A typical way the friends socialize us into our gender roles is through the use of ________. -talking -gossip -games -fights

games

The majority of hate crimes committed against the LGBTQ community are anti-_____ biased. -gay (male) -lesbian -biseuxal -LGBTQ

gay (male)

The second feminist movement in the U.S. was focused on _________________________. -The right to vote -making men less powerful -giving women equal opportunities in all institutions of society. -burning bras.

giving women equal opportunities in all institutions of society.

Institutional discrimination affect the life chances of _____________ in many aspects of life today. -white people -males -Americans -people of color

people of color

The media portrays women as having the chief goals of looking good and to _____________. -raise children -please men -please their parents -be good at cooking

please men

__________ is the number of people per square mile. -density -household density -household crowding -population density

population density

____________ is a set of negative attitudes, beliefs, or judgments about a group of people because of a perceived characteristic. -prejudice -discrimination -racism -racist

prejudice

The difference between prejudice and racial stereotype is that with ____________ we make generalizations about a group of people because of their race and ethnicity. -racial stereotype -discrimination -racism -individual discrimination

racial stereotype

One of the most significant changes over the last couple of centuries as been _____________. -the development of the Internet -the creation of public schools -urbanization -rationalization

urbanization

Sexual orientation refers to a person's preference for _____________ with individuals of the other sex (heterosexual), one's own sex (homosexual), or both sexes (bisexuality). -sexual preference -love -one night stand -friendship

sexual preference

One of the reasons that people were against the legalization of same-sex marriage is that they felt ______________________. -it empowers people to get divorced -since marriage is meant to procreate, and same-sex couples can't procreate than they shouldn't need to participate in the institution. -it diffuses the power of love -none of the above

since marriage is meant to procreate, and same-sex couples can't procreate than they shouldn't need to participate in the institution.

_______________ explains prejudice as resulting from the culture you grow up in and the prejudice you learn from agents of socialization. -Social-Psychological -deviance theory -sociological -biological

sociological

________________ is the theory that inequalities exist because of of the lack of opportunity in societal structures due to individual and institutional discrimination. -color of skin -cultural deficiencies -biological inferiority -structural problems

structural problems

The media portrays men as having the goals of being _________, living life in the fast lane, and to win over women. -successful -protective -compasisonate -caring

successful

Old-fashioned racism has been replaced by a modern, ________ racism, where people still blame people of color for their own problems and reduce public support of policies aimed to address inequities. -overt -covert -individual -symbolic

symbolic

According to Stanford Open Policing research, Latino drivers where 30% more likely to be _________. -arrested -ticketed -searched -convicted

ticketed

_________ refers to those whose gender identity differs from their physiological sex and who undergo a sex change. -homosexuals -transgender -transvestites -transsexuals

transsexuals

____________ is someone who dresses in the clothing of the opposite sex. -homosexuals -transgender -transvestites -transexuals

transvestites

The second biological explanation for gender differences is the theory that because men have higher levels of testosterone they are more likely to be _________. happier violent married single

violent

________________ is the term to describe the benefits white receive from being white whether or not they are aware of their advantages. -white privilege -racism -discrimination -dominate group

white privilege