Corrections Chp 11, 12, & 16
a. True
. Slavery was a lucrative business for ship owners in the colonial United States in both the North and South. a. True b. False
a. Life without parole
A life sentence with the additional condition that the person never be allowed parole. a. Life without parole b. Death penalty c. Brutalizing effect d. None of the above
b. Mental Disability
A lifelong condition of impaired or incomplete mental development. a. Mental illness b. Mental Disability c. Insanity d. Not all there
a. True
A major concern is whether the death penalty is applied in a racially discriminatory fashion. a. True b. False
b. Death Penalty Information Center
A major source of information on the death penalty in the United States. a. Innocence Project b. Death Penalty Information Center c. American Civil Liberties Union d. None of the above
a. True
A majority (over 50%) of the states have a death penalty statute. a. True b. False
a. True
A number of police labs have been accused and found guilty of falsifying and fabricating DNA. a. True b. False
b. ethnicity
A term that refers to the differences between groups of people based on culture is: a. Race b. Ethnicity c. Biology d. Physicality
a. Race
A term that refers to the skin color and features of a group of people is: a. Race b. Ethnicity c. Biology d. Physicality
c. 1.6 million
According to Bill Quigley (and the Bureau of Justice Statistics), since 1970, drug arrests have skyrocketed from 320,000 to close to. a. 500,000 b. 750,000 c. 1.6 million d. 2.2 million
b. juvenile males
According to Young (1994), historically, which group was most likely to have facilities constructed specifically for them? a. Adult Females b. Juvenile Males c. Juvenile Females d. Elderly
d. 65%
According to the Northwestern Law Center for International Human Rights, what percentage of organ transplants that originate in China come from executed prisoners? a. 24% b. 79% c. 40% d. 65%
b. almost the same number of administrative staff as larger male institutions
According to the authors, female institutions, because of economies of scale, require: a. Mixed gender staff b. Almost the same number of administrative staff as larger male institutions c. A significantly smaller administrative staff than in larger male institutions d. An exponentially larger administrative staff than in larger male institutions
b. they engage in fewer street crimes that would lead to incarceration
According to the authors, what is the best explanation for a lack of female offenders in the criminal justice system today? a. Currently, they are less likely to be prosecuted for their crimes and more likely to receive shorter sentences. b. They engage in fewer street crimes that would lead to incarceration. c. They are less likely to engage in drug-related crimes. d. Both b and c
c. Madonnas; whores
According to the moralist feminists, a woman who acted in conformance with societal expectations were, while those who did not were. a. Good; deviants b. good; devils c. Madonnas; whores d. Madonnas; deviants
b. 18 to 1
After the changing of federal law in 2010, sentences for crack versus powder cocaine was reduced from 100 to 1 to. a. 10 to 1 b. 18 to 1 c. 50 to 1 d. 55 to 1
b. False
Americans are more than willing to recognize the existence of a class system in the United States. a. True b. False
b. False
Among corporate and white collar crimes, the more likely offender is female. a. True b. False
d. Asian Americans
As far as incarceration rates, which group is underrepresented in state correctional populations in comparison to their representation in the general population? a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Hispanics d. Asian Americans
b. False
Asian Americans in prison are most likely to report sexual or physical violence by either staff or an inmate. a. True b. False
b. False
Asian Americans today, tend to be overrepresented in federal facilities in relation to their representation in the general population. a. True b. False
c. geared toward men and boys
Because they represent a smaller proportion of the correctional population, programming for women and girls has traditionally been: a. Individualized b. Tailored to women and girls c. Geared toward men and boys d. More robust
a. True
Between 1930 and 1980, 53% of persons executed were black. a. True b. False
a. True
China has the highest number of executions per year. a. True b. False
a. True
Chinese labor was crucial to the construction of the first continental railroad. a. True b. False
d. Native Americans
Columbus, mistakenly believing he was in India, named this group of people in error: a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Hispanics d. Asian Americans
d. both a and c
DWB stands for: a. Driving While Black b. Drunk While Black c. Driving When Brown d. Both a and c e. Both a and d
b. False
Despite training efforts to provide female correctional officers with defensive and offensive tactics to deal with male inmates, they fail to provide women with an advantage in a physical altercation with a male inmate. a. True b. False
b. differential treatment of an individual or group without reference to the behavior or qualifications of the same
Discrimination is: a. The differences between groups of people based on cultures b. Differential treatment of an individual or group without reference to the behavior or qualifications of the same c. The unequal treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with the treatment accorded other groups d. Discriminatory attitudes, beliefs, and practices directed at one race by another
e. Both a and b
Disparity is: a. Can happen in many organizations and entities b. The unequal treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with the treatment accorded other groups c. Differential treatment of an individual or group without reference to the behavior or qualifications of the same d. Discriminatory attitudes, beliefs, and practices directed at one race by another e. Both a and b
b. False
Dorothea Dix's view of the Houses of refuge very unfavorable. a. True b. False
a. True
Driving while Black or Brown refers to the police practice of focusing law enforcement on black or brown skinned drivers. a. True b. False
c. Offenses against morality
During the 19th century, for which crimes did White women tend to be incarcerated more than Black women? a. Property offenses b. Violent offenses c. Offenses against morality d. White-collar offenses
b. False
Electrocution is the most common form of execution. a. True b. False
a. True
Ethel Spinelli was the first woman to be executed at the San Quentin prison gas chamber. a. True b. False
d. will often have a distinct language , as well as distinct values, religion, history, and traditions
Ethnic groups: a. are based on biology b. result in a variation of skin and other features c. refer to the skin color and features of a group of people d. will often have a distinct language, as well as distinct values, religion, history, and traditions
a. True
Females cost much more to incarcerate than males. a. True b. False
a. The Evil Women Hypothesis
Females who defy traditional gender roles by not exacting a feminine identity invite the wrath of the male-dominated criminal justice system. a. The Evil Women Hypothesis b. The Chivalry Hypothesis c. The Female Offender Hypothesis d. The Mad Women Hypothesis
e. both a and c
Feminists have been instrumental in pushing for: a. Better programming for supervised women and girls. b. Lighter sentences for women and girls. c. The reduction in incarceration for girls who commit status offenses. d. Both a and b e. Both a and c
c. the civil war
Following, correctional institutions in the South were devised to maintain the slavery system with newly freed and often unemployed blacks. a. The Revolutionary War b. The ratification of the Constitution c. The Civil War d. WWII
a. True
Genomic and brain sciences over the past 3 decades have revolutionized death penalty discourse in the United States. a. True b. False
b. False
Hiring and training practices have little impact on the prevention of sexual abuse in prison. a. True b. False
d. a term used to designated an ethic group that spans many races and nations of origin, to the point where it may be descriptive
Hispanic is: a. A result in a variation of skin and other features b. A reference to the skin color and features of a group of people c. A group that will often have a distinct language, as well as distinct values, religion, history, and traditions d. A term used to designate an ethnic group that spans many races and nations of origin, to the point where it may not be descriptive
b. False
Hispanic refers to non-Asians. a. True b. False
b. False
Historically, there has only been one method used for execution. a. True b. False
c. Hanging
Historically, which of the following is the most common form of execution in the United States? a. Lethal injection b. Firing squad c. Hanging d. Gas chamber
a. True
Historically, with the exception of matrons, women were prohibited from working in men's and boys' correctional institutions on the basis of law, practice and/or tradition. a. True b. False
d. 13
How many women have been executed since 1976? a. 5 b. 28 c. 9 d. 13
b. 14 1/2 years
If a person is sentenced to death, what is the average time lapse between conviction and execution according to 2010 data? a. 5 ½ years b. 14 ½ years c. 20 ½ years d. 25 ½ years
b. 47% and 42%
In 1966, ______ people were against the death penalty and _____ were in favor of the death penalty. a. 40% and 60% b. 47% and 42% c. 50% and 50% d. 75% and 25%
a. 80
In 2009, it was recorded that there were jails in Indian country. a. 80 b. 96 c. 100 d. 101
c. Individuals
In Saudi Arabia, quisas crimes are crimes against ____________. a. The state b. God c. Individuals d. Society
d. Gregg v. Georgia
In ________________ the Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the use of a bifurcated hearing. a. Furman v. Georgia b. Coker v. Georgia c. Woodson v. North Carolina d. Gregg v. Georgia
c. women can be excluded from work in male correctional facilities if there is a bona fide job qualification that women cannot perform
In regard to the mental and physical suitability of women to perform correctional work, the Supreme Court finds that: a. No job qualification has the capacity to restrict women's employment in male correctional facilities. b. Women are not physically or mentally capable of engaging in correctional work in male institutions. c. Women can be excluded from work in male correctional facilities if there is a bona fide job qualification that women cannot perform. d. Women should only be employed in female correctional institutions where the risk of their harassment is low and the infringement on privacy rights of men is not at issue.
c. Innocent
In some parts of the country, minority group members were more likely to be incarcerated when they were, or sentenced for periods that were longer than their white brothers and sisters. a. Convicted of violent crimes b. Convicted of property crimes c. Innocent d. Convicted of embezzlement
a. True
In some parts of the country, minority group members were more likely to be sentenced if they were innocent than that of their white brothers. a. True b. False
c. Woodson v. North Carolina
In this case, the Court rejected the statute that mandated that all persons convicted of first-degree murder should receive the death penalty as excessive and unduly rigid. a. Furman v. Georgia b. Coker v. Georgia c. Woodson v. North Carolina d. Gregg v. Georgia
c. create pseudo- families
Incarcerated women are different to men in that they: a. Cannot create niches b. Miss their loved ones more c. Create pseudo-families d. All of the above
a. True
Inmates have no real right to privacy in the United States. a. True b. False
c. prisoners rights movement
It was not until the in jails and prisons that practices changed and African American and white inmates were legally required to be treated more similarly. a. Prisoners Rights Reform Act b. Prison Litigation Reform Act c. Prisoners rights movement d. Prisoners litigation reform movement
b. were devised by Southern states to prevent newly freed African American slaves from being able to fully participate in social/ economic and life
Jim Crow laws: a. Were devised by Northern states to prevent newly freed African American slaves from being able to fully participate in social/economic and life b. Were devised by Southern states to prevent newly freed African American slaves from being able to fully participate in social/economic and life c. Were devised by the federal government to prevent newly freed African American slaves from being able to fully participate in social/economic and life d. Were devised by Western states to prevent newly freed African American slaves from being able to fully participate in social/economic and life
b. False
Larger Native American reservations do not have their own jails. a. True b. False
a. True
Lawsuits have been remarkably successful in spurring many of the needed changes in correctional practice. a. True b. False
b. False
Liberal feminists believe that women who violate social norms are whores. a. True b. False
b. False
Life without parole is more expensive than the cost of a capital case (from arrest to execution). a. True b. False
a. True
Life without the possibility of parole is provided as an alternative to a death sentence. a. True b. False
a. True
Many of the reform efforts that emerged as a result of feminist scholars and practitioners directed attention to the lack of employment opportunities for women in adult female and male correctional institutions. a. True b. False
a. True
Mental illness and mental disability are considered two different conditions. a. True b. False
d. All of the above
Mental retardation is characterized by which of the following elements? a. Significantly sub-average intellectual functioning b. Concurrent and related limitations in two or more adaptive skill areas c. Manifestation before the age of 18 d. All of the above
a. True
Methods of discipline for women in the 1800s moved from severe to soft, depending on the availability of supervision, the facilities, the number of women incarcerated, and the inclination of the keepers. a. True b. False
a. True
Much like the Chinese, Japanese immigrants provided cheap labor. a. True b. False
b. False
Native Americans were given their name by our founding fathers. a. True b. False
b. False
Over 75% of offenders who are sentenced to death have been executed in a timely manner. a. True b. False
b. the sexuality of females
Over a century of correctional operations has focused almost exclusively on addressing: a. The physical and mental health of women b. The sexuality of females c. The social psychological needs of females d. The role of women as primary caregivers
a. True
Patriarchy implies that women are suited for feminine occupations, and thus less worthy professions. a. True b. False
a. True
Patriarchy is seen as one societal obstacle to achieving equal treatment in corrections. a. True b. False
a. True
Preventing African Americans from voting was a key part of Jim Crow laws. a. True b. False
b. False
Public support for the death penalty is a major factor in its retention in the United States. a. True b. False
a. sexual harassment that involves an exchange of something for something else, as in the case of sexual favors
Quid pro quo sexual harassment can be defined as: a. Sexual harassment that involves an exchange of something for something else, as in the case of sexual favors. b. The creation of a hostile work environment in which the workplace becomes sexualized to the detriment of one gender. c. Overt sexual abuse of female staff by male staff members. d. None of the above
a. True
Race and traditions of discrimination regarding African Americans has stymied their ability to assimilate. a. True b. False
a Police officers will tend to stop older vehicles and such cars are often owned by poorer and minority group members
Racial profiling research has indicated that: a. Police officers will tend to stop older vehicles and such cars are often owned by poorer and minority group members b. Whites were more likely to report being stopped by police than Hispanics or Blacks c. Police stops have been found to never be related to the driver's skin color d. Studies have revealed nothing of value in this area
d. discriminatory attitudes, beliefs, and practices directed at one race by another
Racism is: a. The differences between groups of people based on cultures b. The unequal treatment of one group by the criminal justice system, compared with the treatment accorded other groups c. Differential treatment of an individual or group without reference to the behavior or qualifications of the same d. Discriminatory attitudes, beliefs, and practices directed at one race by another
d. institutional racism
Racism that is practiced by many, if not most institutional members, in criminal justice and other organizations is known as: a. Discrimination b. Disparity c. Prisoners rights movement d. Institutional racism
b. False
Sentences for crack cocaine are now proportionate to sentences for powder cocaine. a. True b. False
c. Hiring of minorities and women have increased
Since the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964: a. Less minorities are working for corrections industries than before b. Numbers of female staff have risen to being over that of male staff c. Hiring of minorities and women have increased d. Hispanics have risen as the highest number of staff in jails e. Johonson v. California f. Turner v. Safely g. Lee v. Washington h. Lamar v. Coffield
a. African Americans
Slavery of which minority group was practiced almost from the settling of the United States? a. African Americans b. Native Americans c. Hispanics d. Asian Americans
b. False
Social feminists believed that girls involved in the correctional system were there primarily because of the oppressive nature of the social structure and the related effects of poverty and a lack of schooling. a. True b. False
a. True
Some criminologists argue that capital punishment has a brutalizing effect rather than a deterrent effect. a. True b. False
b. 60%
Some estimates suggest that as many as ______ of women in custody have experienced sexual abuse prior to incarceration. a. 25% b. 60% c. 75% d. 100%
a. True
Some research suggests that female correctional officers have a calming effect on male prisoners. a. True b. False
b. False
The CT is the workhorse of neuroimaging used to assess the functioning of a person's brain while engaged in some task. a. True b. False
c. body searches of female inmates by male staff
The Ninth Circuit restrictions placed on correctional staff limited: a. Public searches of female inmates b. Body searches of male inmates by female staff c. Body searches of female inmates by male staff d. All body searches
a. True
The Scottsboro case exemplified the racist attitudes of communities. a. True b. False
a. Brutalizing effect
The assumption that rather than deterring homicides, they actually increase following executions. a. Brutalizing effect b. Death penalty c. Deterrent effect d. None of the above
b. False
The death penalty is not the most controversial issue in corrections. a. True b. False
b. False
The drug war reduced the disproportionate representation of minorities in correctional institutions. a. True b. False
a. true
The electric chair was originally introduced as a more humane method of execution than hanging. a. True b. False
b. False
The fact that correctional officers in male institutions frequently have to use brute force to manage and control inmates is one of the instances in which women can be disqualified from working in male prisons. a. True b. False
a. True
The female correctional population has never been larger than it is today. a. True b. False
b. Newgate Prison
The first prison to have a separate wing for women inmates was the: a. Walnut Street jail b. Newgate Prison c. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison d. Auburn Prison
a. True
The first women's prison in the United States was Mount Pleasant, built in 1839. a. True b. False
d. all of the above
The healthcare needs of incarcerated women are: a. Deal with psychiatric needs specific to gender b. Deal with heath problems related to both genders c. Deal with psychological needs specific to gender d. All of the above
b. False
The history of Mexican Americans has been one in which they were forcibly made part of the Northern states in America. a. True b. False
a. True
The implementation of the drug war has led to the erosion of civil liberties protections regarding search and evidence. a. True b. False
c. the war on drugs
The imposition of has led to the disproportionate representation of minority groups in correctional organizational organizations. a. The creation of supermax prisons b. The creation of stricter sex offender laws c. The war on drugs d. The increased use of community corrections
b. False
The imposition of the death penalty on a mentally retarded defendant has always been a violation of the Eighth Amendment. a. True b. False
d. WWII
The internment of 120,000 Japanese Americans into concentration camps occurred during: a. The Revolutionary War b. The ratification of the Constitution c. The Civil War d. WWII
b. False
The internment of Japanese American families was not based on racist tinged beliefs. a. True b. False
a. True
The legacy of racism runs long and deep in the United States. a. True b. False
a. True
The number of women and girls as inmates or supervisees in corrections has grown exponentially over the last several years. a. True b. False
d. probation
The single largest area of growth for women and girls in terms of correctional populations has been in the area of: a. Residential juvenile facilities b. Prison populations c. Jail populations d. Probation e. Parole
a. slower
The trajectory of employment for female correctional officers has been __________than the growth in women and girls under correctional supervision. a. Slower b. Faster c. Equivalent to d. More steady
c. African American male
Up until the mid-20th century, a(n) ____________ could receive the death penalty for the attempted rape of a white woman. a. Hispanic male b. Caucasian male c. African American male d. Pacific Islander male
c. 75%
What percentage of African American defendants were more likely than white defendants to receive the death penalty? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%
a. 2%
What percentage of female offenders has been executed in the United States? a. 2% b. 5% c. 7% d. 9%
a. 2%- 6%
What percentage of murder cases are tried as capital cases? a. 2% - 6% b. 5% - 10% c. 7%-12% d. 10% - 15%
a. 3-4%
What percentage of violent crime was committed by women in the 19th century? a. 3-4% b. 8-10% c. 15-20% d. More than 20%
d. Hummingbird
What punishment, used in Ohio's prisons in 1880, forced a naked offender to sit, blind-folded, in a tub while steam pipes were made to shriek and electric current was applied to the body? a. Lash b. Whip c. Electric bee d. Hummingbird
a. Mount Pleasant
What was the first women's prison in the United States? a. Mount Pleasant b. Sing Sing c. Elmira Reformatory d. Mount Vernon
c. race was an integral part of the prison life he has and does experience
When dealing with adjustment to prison, Hassine (2009), a writer and inmate doing life since 1980, commented that: a. Race has not had any impact on his adjustment to prison life b. Race has only been a small part of what he has had to deal with while inside prison c. Race was an integral part of the prison life he has and does experience d. Race played an important role only to minority groups in prisons, not White inmates
d. African Americans were more likely to report sexual or physical violence from staff than from other inmates
When looking at victimization in prisons, research has shown that: a. Asians were more likely to report sexual or physical violence from staff than from other inmates b. Native Americans were more likely to report sexual or physical abuse from other inmates than from staff c. Hispanics were more likely to report sexual or physical abuse from other inmates than from staff d. African Americans were more likely to report sexual or physical violence from staff than from other inmates
a. Atkins v. Virginia
Which Supreme Court case held that the imposition of the death penalty on a mentally retarded defendant is a violation of the Eight Amendment? a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Coker v. Georgia c. Furman v. Georgia d. Penry v. Lynaugh
d. Penry v. Lynaugh
Which Supreme Court case held that the imposition of the death penalty on a mentally retarded defendant is not per se a violation of the Eighth Amendment? a. Atkins v. Virginia b. Coker v. Georgia c. Furman v. Georgia d. Penry v. Lynaugh
b. China
Which country has the highest rate of executions each year? a. United states b. China c. Saudi Arabia d. Russia
c. Scottsboro v. Alabama
Which court case is widely regarded as an early example of a gross miscarriage of justice, and as emblematic of the way African Americans have been treated in racist sectors of this country? a. Powell v. Alabama b. Cooper v. Pate c. Scottsboro v. Alabama d. Cooper v. Powell
b. Coker v. Georgia
Which court case ruled that the use of the death penalty for rape was unconstitutional? a. Furman v. Georgia b. Coker v. Georgia c. Woodson v. North Carolina d. Gregg v. Georgia
c. Furman v. Georgia
Which court case rules that it is constitutionally impermissible to hold a defendant in custody indefinitely based on his or her incompetence to stand trial? a. Ford v. Wainwright b. Jackson v. Indiana c. Furman v. Georgia d. Panetti v. Quarterman
d. Houses of refuge
Which facility had the stated purpose to remove impressionable youth, mainly boys, but also girls, from the contamination that association with more hardened criminals would bring? a. Houses of solace b. Houses of refuge c. Houses of authority d. Youth authority
a. Liberal
Which feminist perspective believed that the source of the crime problem for female offenders lay more with the social structure around these women or girls? a. Liberal b. Moralists c. Patriarchal d. All of the above
c. Immediate and delayed
Which of the following are the two types of death sentences in China? a. Instant and delayed b. Instant and automatic c. Immediate and delayed d. Automatic and delayed
b. Furman v. Georgia
Which of the following cases was the first to successfully challenge the use of the death penalty? a. Woodson v. North Carolina b. Furman v. Georgia c. Coker v. Georgia d. Gregg v. Georgia
d. Women were not allowed to work
Which of the following did not occur in the Auburn Prison in 1825 in regards to the treatment of women? a. Women were housed in a cramped, unventilated attic b. The silent requirement was hard to enforce c. Women were without a matron until 1832 d. Women were not allowed to work
d. All of the above
Which of the following elements increase the likelihood that a crime will be eligible for the death penalty? a. Premeditated b. Purposeful c. Committed during the commission of another felony d. All of the above
a. Lethal injection
Which of the following execution methods injects the condemned person with drugs that ultimately end in death: a. Lethal injection b. Gas chamber c. Hanging d. Electrocution
e. none of the above
Which of the following is NOT a way that discrimination is linked to law: a. Age b. Race c. Gender d. All of the above e. None of the above
b. Did the condition become prevalent before the age of 18?
Which of the following is NOT an issue the courts have had to resolve with both mental deficiency and illness? a. Is the person competent to stand trial? b. Did the condition become prevalent before the age of 18? c. Did this person at the time of the crime have the requisite ability to form mens rea? d. Does the person's mental condition warrant a more lenient sentence than would normally attach to this crime?
a. efforts to keep them chaste
Which of the following is an example of one of the social remedies proposed by moralists looking to reform women under correctional supervision? a. Efforts to keep them chaste b. Educational and vocational training c. Drug and alcohol counseling d. Therapy to increase their self-concept and self-worth
d. All of the answers are methods of execution
Which of the following is not a form of execution? a. Hanging b. Electrocution c. Gas Chamber d. All of the answers are methods of execution
d. the degree to which interaction of male inmates with female correctional staff creates significant distress among male inmates
Which of the following is not one of the issues that has arisen as a result of the movement of women into male correctional facilities? a. Whether women are physically and mentally suited to corrections work. b. How to deal with sexual and gender harassment c. Whether equal employment rights outweigh the privacy rights of male inmates d. The degree to which interaction of male inmates with female correctional staff creates significant distress among male inmates e. All of the above are consistent issues
c. their status as targets of sexual abuse by staff
Which of the following is one of the primary rationales for removing women and girls from male correctional facilities? a. Their different needs b. The lower cost associated with operating segregated facilities c. Their status as targets of sexual abuse by staff d. Patriarchal beliefs that women were a distraction to males in the facilities e. All of the above
d. both male and female officers value the human service orientation over a security orientation in their work
Which of the following statements best captures the relationship between gender and correctional work in terms of the underlying ideology that guides correctional officer interaction with inmates? a. Male officers may be more likely than female officers to have a human service orientation in their work. b. Male officers are more likely than female officers to have a security orientation in their work. c. Female officers are more likely than male officers to have a security orientation in their work. d. Both male and female officers value the human service orientation over a security orientation in their work.
d. President Bush
Which president signed the Justice for All Act, which granted federal inmates the right to petition a federal court for DNA testing to support a claim of innocence? a. President Clinton b. President Reagan c. President Obama d. President Bush
b. President Reagan
Which president's administration actually facilitated the "the war on drugs"? a. President Nixon b. President Reagan c. President Bush (Sr.) d. President Clinton e. President Bush (Jr.)
b. President Reagan
Which president's administration initiated the war on crack cocaine? a. President Nixon b. President Reagan c. President Bush (Sr.) d. President Clinton
a. Hostile enviroment
Which type of sexual harassment occurs when the workplace is sexualized with jokes, pictures, or other ways that is offensive to gender? a. Hostile environment b. Quid pro quo c. Unwarranted advances d. None of the above
d. both b and c
Why did Crouch (1993) argue that blacks might be more able to accept prison and adjust to it, over alternatives than whites? a. Because blacks were more likely to know someone in alternative sentencing programs b. Because blacks were more likely to know someone who was housed in prison with them c. Because blacks are less likely to be threatened in prison than whites d. Both b and c e. None of the above
b. False
Women and girls under correctional supervision are less likely to have substance abuse problems than their male counterparts. a. True b. False
c. Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended in 1972
Women made significant inroads into the correctional population when: a. Bridewell construction was being debated as a means of addressing the needs of women and girls under correctional supervision. b. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed. c. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was amended in 1972. d. The imprisonment binge took hold in the 1980s. e. None of the above
d. Double deviants
Women who violated social and legal prohibitions were known as: a. Whores b. Deviants c. Double whores d. Double deviants
b. False
Woodson v. North Carolina was the first case to successfully challenge the use of the death penalty. a. True b. False