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The homeostatic mechanism in humans that regulates blood pH depends on the feedback of information from

B. chemical receptors

Carbon dioxide is produced as cells break down nutrients for energy. Which of the following pairs of systems would participate in removing the carbon dioxide from the body

B. circulatory respiratory

The respiratory system depends on the nervous system for signals to

B. coordinate muscles controlling breathing

The bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens infects plants, and a portion of its DNA is inserted into the plant's chromosomes. This causes the plant to produce gall cells, which manufacture amino acids that the bacterium uses as food. This process is a natural example of

B. genetic manipulation

A species of finch has been studied on one of the geographically isolated Galapos Islands for many years. Since the island is small, the lineage of every bird for several generations is known. This allows a family tree of each bird to be developed. Some family groups have survived and others have died out. THe groups that survive probably have

B. inherited some advantageous variations

A cell from heart muscle would probably have an unusually high proportion of

B. mitochondria

A population of termites initially consists of darkly colored and brightly colored members. AFter several generations, the termite population consist almost entirely of darkly colored members because the brightly colored termites are easier for a predatory species of insectivores to locate. This situation is an example of

B. natural selection

THe cell membrane of the the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called

B. semi-permeable

A signal that the bladder is full is sent to the central nervous system by

B. sensory neurons

Which of the following is a function of the nervous system

B. signaling muscle tissue to contract

Which of these would most likely cause a mutation?

B. the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA

The plasma membrane of a cell consists of

B. two layers of lipids organized within the nonpolar tails forming the interior of the membrane

two students were testing the amount of fertilizer that would best promote the growth of strawberries in a garden. Which of the following could be an unavoidable source of experimental error.

B. variation of the strawberry plants

What causes tomatoes to ripen much more slowly in a refrigerator than they do if left on a table at room temperature?

C. Low temperature reduce the action of ripening enzymes

Which of these organisms are most likely be found at the top of an energy pyramid?

C. Sharks

Scientist found that, over a period of 200 yeas, a mountain pond was transformed into a meadow.During that time, several communities which of these best explains why new communities were able to replace older communities. into a meadow. .

C. The abiotic characteristics of the habitat exchanged

A single species of squirrel evolved over time into two species, each on opposite sides of the Grand- Canyon. This change was most likely due to

C. the isolation of the two groups

Which of these secretes a hormone that regulates the rate of metabolism of the body?

C. thyroid

In order for the body to maintain homeostasis, the chemical decomposition of food to produce energy must be followed by

C. waste removal

Rabbits introduced into australia over 100 years ago have become a serious pest to farmers. Rabbit population increased so much that they displaced many native species of plant eaters. What is the most logical explanation for other increased numbers?

D .there are few effective predators

Sweat and skin secretions contain a mixture of molecules that kills or limits the growth of many types of microbes. THis control of microbes is an example of

A. a nonspecific defense against infection

THis segment of DNA has undergone a mutation in which three nucleotides have been deleted. A repair enzyme would replace them with

A. CGT

Which of these is best demonstrated by the experiment above?

A. Differential cells contain a complete set of genes

How did this evidence affect the work of Watson and Crick?

A. It was to determine the physical structure of DNA

THe diagram below shows a cellular process that occurs in organisms, this process is knows as

A. Meiosis

One human disease is caused by a change in one codon in a gene from GAA to GUA. This disease is the result of

A. Mutation

Mutations within a DNA sequence are

A. Natural processes that produce genetic diversity

If a corn plant has a genotype of Ttyy, what are the possible genetic combinations that could be present in a single grain of pollen from this planet?

A. Ty, ty

for the food chain shown, which of the following changes will have the most severe consequences

A. a drastic decrease in rainfall, causing drought

Which of the best illustrates natural selection

A. an organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully

Some snake venoms are harmful because they contain enzymes that destroy blood cells or tissues. The damage caused by such a snakebite could best be slowed by

A. applying ice to the bite area

In carrier pigeons there is a rare inherited condition that causes the death of the chicks before hatching. In order for this disease to be passed from generation to generation there must be parent birds that

A. are heterozygous for the disease

Individuals with HIV sometimes contract a pneumonia infection that is rare in the rest of the population because people with HIV

A. are unable to fight off these pneumonia- causing organisms

from 1900 to 2000, the population has

A. increased

The first stage of photosynthesis in a chloroplast is

A. light dependent

A computer model of cellular mitosis can simulate the aspects of cellular division quite well. However, microscopic observation of actual cellular mitosis can improve understanding because actual observation

A. may reveal greater unknown complexities

Which of the following sequences represents chromosome number during fertilization?

A. n+n --> 2n

The above sequence of DNA is part of a gene. How many amino acids are colored for by this segment?

A.4

Which of the following best describes the use of population models in biology?

A.They are generally easy to construct

Which of the following base pair sequences could be produced in DNA replication?

B. 5'AGTCAT 3' 3' TCAGTA 5'

Based only on the sex chromosomes in typical human egg and sperm cells at fertilization, the probability of producing a female is

B. 50%

Which of the following best describes meiosis?

B. It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of the organism

After a volcanic eruption has covered an area with lava, which of the following is the most likely order of succession in the repopulation of the area?

B. Mosses -> grasses -> lichens -> trees

A genetic disorder due to a recessive allele is lethal in homozygous individuals whereas heterozygous individuals have no symptoms. Based on this information which of the following is likely to result?

B. The disorder will be maintained in the population through the reproduction of heterozygotes

A scientist puts nucleotide chains of UUUUUU in a test tube under conditions allowing protein synthesis. Soon the test tube is full of polypeptide chains composed of only the amino acid phenylalanine. What does this experiment indicate?

B. UUU codes for the amino acid phenylalanine

When the Mount St. Helens volcano erupted, the blast covered much of the surrounding area with ash. Based on the diagrams above, which list shows the sequence of secondary succession that followed the eruption?

B. Z,X,Y,W

In certain breeds of dogs , deafness is due to a recessive allele (d) of a particular gene, and normal hearing is due to its dominant allele (D). What percentage of the offspring of a normal heterozygous (Dd) dog and a deaf dog (dd) would be expected to have normal hearing?

C. 50%

A student filled two Petri dishes with a clear cornvstartch gel. Then marked the letter "X" invisibly onto the gel in Petri dish with a damp cotton swab. He then placed saliva from his mouth onto a second cotton swab and used that swab to mark the letter "X" invisibly onto the gel in Petri dish 2. Fifteen minutes later, he rinsed both Petri dishes with a dilute solution of iodine to indicate the presence of starch. Most of the surface of Petri dish 2 was blue, except the letter "X" was clear, The most probable explanation of the clear "X" is that

C. A chemical in the saliva broke down the starch in the gel.

THere are many different enzymes located in the cytoplasm of a single cell. How is a specific enzyme able to catalyze a specific reaction?

C. An enzyme binds to a specific substrate for the reaction to catalyze

Mendel hypothesized that reproductive cells have only one factor for each inherited trait. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that

C. Haploid cells are produced by meiosis

If a human boy inherits a recessive allele from his mother, in which circumstances would he most likely show the trait coded for by the recessive allele?

C. The allele is on the X chromosome

How would the base sequence be coded on mRNA?

C. UGUCACG

If a paleontologist finds fossil of many different species existing in the same area at approximately the same time,the paleontologist can conclude that the ecosystem in this area had a high degree of

C. biological diversity

THe chart shows 4 alleles at the same locus that affect rabbits coat color. Each allele is dominant to the ones below it. Rabbits with an albino or himalayan coat are more susceptible to predators. which of the following genotypes will produce a rabbit that is least likely to survive?

C. c c

Which molecule in plant cells first captures the radiant energy from sunlight?

C. chlorophyll

which of these would have the least effect on natural selection in a subspecies of giraffes that is geographically isolated from other subspecies of giraffes?

C. chromosome number

Fossil evidence suggests that a number of members of one fish species from an ancient lake in Death Valley, California, became several isolated species. Each of these new species lived in a different pond. Which of the following best explains the cause of the speciation

C. geographic isolation

What is the greatest danger to a patient who has had damage to the skin?

C. infections in uncovered tissues

Genetic engineering has produced goats whose milk contains proteins that can be used as medications. The effect was produced by

C. inserting foreign genes into fertilized goat eggs

A healthy individual is a carrier of a lethal allele but is unaffected by it. What is the probable genotype of this individualism?

C. one recessive lethal allele and one dominant normal allele

The Sabin vaccine is a liquid containing weakened polo viruses. Vaccinated individuals become protected against polio because the weakened viruses

C. promote production of antibodies

striking the tendon just below the kneecap causes the lower leg to jerk. Moving an object quickly toward the face can cause the eyes to blink shut. These are examples of

C. reflex reactions

Although there are limited number of amino acids, many different types of proteins exist because the

C. sequence and number of amino acids is different

Injecting a person with a killed- bacteria vaccine can protect that individual from a disease because the proteins of the killed bacteria

C. stimulate the production of antibodies which can be manufactured later in response to infection

Which of these best completes this concept map?

D. A plant cell

Earth has undergone some catastrophic changes from time to time. Which of these most likely explains why life on earth continued following these catastrophes

D. A wide diversity of species existed

/the following genotypes were found in a male cat and a female cat. Which one of the following choices is true of the phenotype of offspring from these parents?

D. All offspring will have short-haired fur

Complete burning of plant material returns carbon primarily to the

D. Atmosphere

Maltose can be broken down into glucose molecules by enzyme maltase. Which of the following would slow the reaction rate?

D. Diluting with water

Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging the proteins that the cell secretes?

D. Golgi apparatus

Eukaryotic cells are differentiated from prokaryotic cells because eukaryotic cells

D. Have nuclei

In most stable fresh water environments, populations of Daphnia are almost entirely female and reproduce asexually. However, males are observed in low oxygen environments or when food is scarce. Based on these observations, a researcher suggests that male Daphnia develop in response to unfavorable environmental conditions. This is an example of

D. Hypothesis

A small population of chimpanzees lives in a habitat that undergoes no changes for a long period. How will genetic drift probably affect this population.

D. It will reduce genetic diversity

In fruit flies, the gene for red eyes (R) is dominant and the gene for sepia eyes (r) is recessive. What are the possible combinations of genes in the offspring of two red-eyed heterozygous flies (Rr)?

D. RR, Rr. and rr only

Which information was most important to the development of genetic engineering techniques?

D. The structure of DNA molecule

The flight-or-flight response includes greater heart output and a rinse in blood pressure this response is due to

D. adrenaline secreted by the adrenal glands

How do human disease caused by bacteria and disease caused by viruses react to antibiotics?

D. bacterial diseases respond to antibiotics; viral disease do not

The clear protein of an egg white becomes opaque and firm when cooked because the heat

D. changes the protein structure

The diagram above shows homologous chromosomes during prophase 1 of meiosis. Which of the following correctly describes the process being illustrated?

D. crossing-over in which alleles are exchanged

Semi - conservations replication of DNA refers to the idea that

D. each half of the original DNA is molecule is joined with a new complementary DNA strand

Which of these organisms are most helpful in preventing Earth from being covered with the bodies of dead organisms?

D. fungi and bacteria

A small portion of population that is geographically isolated from the rest of the population runs the risk of decreased

D. genetic variation

Which of these organism would most likely be found at the bottom of a biomass pyramid?

D. green algae

According to this information, which groups demonstrated the greatest biodiversity during the cretaceous period?

D. lizards

A strand of mRNA containing the repeating sequence AAGAAGAAGAAG could code for which of the following amino acid sequences?

D. lys-lys-lys-lys

In aerobic respiration. the Krebs cycle takes place in

D. mitochondria

Which of the following statements correctly describes meiosis?

D. the cells produced at the end of meiosis contain half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

In a pond, the primary producer is a green alga, spirogyra; the primary consumer is is the crustacean, Daphnia; the secondary consumer is a small fish, the bluegill; and the teritary consumer is a larger fish. the smallmouth bass. What changes can be expected in the pond if the Daphnia are killed with pesticides?

D. the small mouth bass population will die

Which of the following require a host cell because they are not able to make proteins on their own

D. viruses

which of the following is the best explanation for why the chromosome number is an even number in each of these organisms?

The diploid chromosome number represents pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent, so it is always an even number