CST Midterm True/False
Foraging societies are characterized by collective ownership of the primary means of production and higher rates of social domination.
False
Foucault argues for histories that advance toward a definite goal, such as Christianity and Marxism.
False
Foucault believed that during the 18th century, social mechanisms of control shifted from the soul to the body
False
Foucault's thinking is anti-essentialist, meaning that he believes a core of truth resides within each human being.
False
Hall and his colleagues saw that people from Ecuador were immigrating to the United Kingdom and disrupting English culture.
False
Hall argues that media representations of Blackness are often the source of stereotypes and exclusively negatiave imagery
False
Hall maintains that the formation of racism in Great Britain is equivalent to that in the United States
False
Halloween is an example of balanced reciprocity.
False
Humans master the basics of language by the age of 5 or 6
False
Ideological State Apparatuses refer to the police, the army, the FBI and the like.
False
In horticulturalist societies, produce is sold for profit.
False
In spoken American English, men are more likely to use a direct, eye-to-eye gaze than women.
False
Ironically, Julio's Puerto Rican mother has a legal job in New York's garment industry.
False
Julio realized he was the victim of structural transformation of the New York economy.
False
Labov argued that all humans share a universal grammar.
False
Language changes and variations over time occur because of the following influences: settlement patterns, language contact, social class, group reference, region, and knowledge of "correct" grammar
False
Malthus argued that foraging communities were the original affluent society.
False
Most English speakers recognize the phonetic contrast between the [ph] in pin and the [p] in spin
False
National cultural identities are coterminous with state borders
False
Old English is quite similar to English spoken today
False
Pidgin language varieties develop from creoles.
False
Pronunciation of language varieties, unlike the languages themselves, can be classified as correct or incorrect.
False
Saussure argued that language is a naming process
False
Saussure was fascinated by how meaning is made possible through a historical, diachronic point of view
False
Saussure was responsible for extending his semiotic theory into the area of binary oppositions.
False
Shame and gossip are the only methods of social control in band-level societies
False
Since bands lack formalized law, they have no means of settling disputes.
False
Some dialects are inferior versions of their mother language.
False
The Centre of Contemporary Cultural Studies was started at the University of Birmingham in Alabama.
False
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that speakers of simple languages are unable to think in sophisticated ways
False
The anthropological approach that contextualizes economic relations within state structures,political processes, social structures, and cultural values is called political ecology.
False
The collection of taxes by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) in the United States, with theobjective to disburse tax refunds and invest into infrastructure and federal services can best beseen as a form of commodification.
False
The fact that small-scale, semi-subsistence farmers - such as the indigenous coffee farmers ofCentral America and Mexico - own their own land, organize along a kin-based system, and alsoproduce a commodity for the global market demonstrates that capitalism is slowly replacing the traditional ways of life of indigenous farmers around the world, who now can no longer rely on kin-based methods.
False
The goal of the Ithaca, New York HOURS program is to decrease the number of hours that community members need to work in order to make a good living.
False
The invention of pottery was the technological breakthrough needed to boil corn and bring it into the human diet in Central America.
False
The process of buying, eating, or using a resource, food, commodity, or service is called redistribution
False
The salaula (secondhand clothes market system) of Zambia is an example of a wholesale clothing economy that replicates a Western capitalist economic model.
False
The streets in El Barrio were controlled by Puerto Rican drug dealers from the Bronx.
False
There are no matrilineal societies.
False
Tributary production is characterized by subsistence food-getting, egalitarianism, and labor organized on the basis of kinship relations
False
Warfare doesn't take place in band societies
False
Althusser argues that the material practices of everyday life (washing dishes, going to school) imply larger ideological structures.
True
Althusser drew on Saussure's structuralism to show how ideology is an unconscious structure of ideas given to us through language and which sustains the status quo.
True
Althusser stressed that we are "subjects" of ideology, i.e., subjected to ideology, but E.P. Thompson believed that we are also "subjects" with agency not totally bound by ideology.
True
An age set is an example of a sodality.
True
Anthropologists believe that the development of agriculture led to a division of labor, enabling people to specialize and make technological advancements in various areas.
True
Because of their subordinate status, the young Puerto Rican men adopt resistance behavor in their service sector jobs
True
Before colonialism, the Tiv people of Nigeria had a unique economic system characterized by three distinct spheres of exchange, each with their own form of money.
True
Binary oppositions are part of what Saussure referred to as "langue."
True
Bourgois complains that other ethnographers mainly record the daily suffering of the people they study, missing the structural economic changes that propel people into poverty.
True
Capitalism is the most recent mode of production.
True
Darjeeling tea companies are marketing their product with labeling practices that appeal to Western consumers. Meanwhile, the workers who pick tea leaves in Darjeeling, India still work within a highly unequal system in which they rely on plantation owners for pay, food, housing, and medical care.
True
Even foragers have influenced the natural environment.
True
For Foucault, Truth is not the product of objectivity.
True
Foucault argues that Social Darwinism resulted from reasoned arguments.
True
Foucault argues that the production of knowledge enables the power of social control.
True
Foucault believes that since the 18th century Western society has not actually repressed certain kinds of sexuality, but in fact, discursively produced them.
True
Gifts that are given without agreeing upon the exact value of the gift, nor the time frame withinwhich it should be returned, demonstrates generalized reciprocity.
True
Hall maintains that Cultural Studies examines the "symptoms" or invisible, forgotten and repressed aspects of cultures and cultural phenomenon.
True
Hall points out that one's sense of superiority is dependent on the mental/linguistic binary construction of an "other" who is weaker, less moral, and inferior.
True
Hall writes that racism is maintained by the fear of difference combined with power in the hands and minds of people and institutions upholding the status quo.
True
If a minority dialect speaker doesn't feel respected by the standard dialect speakers, they will be less inclined to adopt the standard dialect or language.
True
In spite of his belief that people had internalized a strict regulation of their behavior which actually kept them largely exploited, Foucault did maintain that where there is power there is resistance.
True
In the working class ideology of the time, the dignity of "hard work" often prevailed over education.
True
In tribal societies, the village head leads by example and through persuasion; he lacks the ability to force people to do things.
True
Indigenous peoples within nation-states are often constructed as diasporic.
True
Karl Marx theorized that human consciousness is determined by humanwork.
True
Language can be understood as a hegemonic force shoring up the status quo.
True
Language is transmitted through enculturation.
True
Many societies all over the world developed agricultural at the same time perhaps due to climate change.
True
Marx revealed how classical economists formulated their defense of capitalism by denying workers' humanity and their resulting talents and needs.
True
McDowell differentiates between a nation and a state.
True
Most Hindus are vegetarians
True
Most of the street dealers interviewed by Bourgois had begun working in legal venues earlier than most Americans
True
Most service sector entry level jobs require cultural capital.
True
Much language process is done on the left side of the human brain.
True
Narratives of nationhood commonly stress a foundational myth of collective origin which produces a linkage between national identity and a pure, original people.
True
National identity is a political concept that refers to an administrative apparatus given sovereignty over a specific space or territory.
True
No language variety or dialect is inherently more correct or better than any other
True
One must learn standard English because it is no one's true first language.
True
Pastoralism is not an egalitarian subsistence system.
True
Saussure thought that his theories were "scientific," and thus he was able to make objective statements about language
True
Signifieds are defined not by their positive content, but by their relations with other terms.
True
States are complex systems of sociopolitical organization that aim to control and administer everything from conflict resolution to fiscal systems to population movements.
True
Syntax refers to the rules that dictate the order of words in a language.
True
The US tax system is redistributive.
True
The accumulation of goods and services by a person or institution for the purpose of dispersal ata later date is called redistribution.
True
The first known system of codified law came about in ancient Iraq.
True
The public sector breakdown and economic restructuring Bourgois writes about is today referred to a neoliberalism.
True
The signified is not an object, but a concept.
True
The social relations through which human labor is used to transform energy from nature usingtools, skills, organization, and knowledge, is called the mode of production.
True
The three modes of exchange are reciprocity, market exchange, and redistribution.
True
Varying aspects of paralanguage can completely change the meaning of the same sentence or utterance.
True
Hall was disturbed by the "unsayable" absences and symptoms regarding race which had been left out of the knowledges about the English nation.
True.
For Althusser, individuals (or subjects) can understand their role in society because they have a one-to-one relationship with an objective world they apprehend through language.
False
For Foucault, power is not exercised through people.
False
For Saussure, word order or syntax falls on the paradigmatic axis.
False
For the most part, because culture shapes how we interact with the environment, different societies have adapted to similar environments in similar ways.
False
"Overdetermination" refers to an idea, event or cultural artifact that has been caused by one over-riding factor
False
"Population control" in states refers to police and military forces.
False
A form of violence in which a social structure or institution harms people by preventing themfrom meeting their basic needs is called economic violence.
False
A form of violence in which a social structure or institution harms people by preventing themfrom meeting their basic needs is called structural politics.
False
A nation-state is a form of imaginative identification with the symbols and discourses of the nation-state.
False
A national identity is a naturally occurring phenomena.
False
A standard language variety is the most grammatically correct in a given location.
False
According to Eric Wolf's typology, the three distinct modes of production are domestic, capitalist, and exchange.
False
According to Hall, Cultural Studies includes the study of "whole ways of life" except for contemporary phenomena
False
After Haiti's 7.0 magnitude earthquake in 2010, structural violence prevented people from getting their most basic needs met largely due to the fact that the earthquake destroyed most roads and bridges, making it impossible for aid to reach the people who needed it most.
False
All societies except bands must exercise some social control over their members.
False
Althusser believes that most subjects can avoid the "interpellation" of capitalist ideology.
False
Anderson argues that people speaking a common, vernacular language led to the development of nation-states.
False
Anthropologists focus on three phases of economic production: production, exchange, and acquisition.
False
Band leaders occupy official offices and are able to force other band members to obey their commands
False
Because of our unconscious, socially-produced sense of identity that we are born into, we have "essential," selves which derive from the core of our being.
False
Benedict Anderson posited that the nation is an imagined community that no one is willing to die for.
False
Big men are found in tribes, chiefdoms, and archaic states.
False
Binaries are not culturally constructed.
False
Bourgois warns that the process of impoverishment experienced by these Puerto Rican immigrants does not apply to other marginalized groups.
False
Calling race "media mediated," Hall points out that media merely reflects the reality of racism.
False
Children in foraging societies play an important role in gathering edible nuts and plants to eat.
False
Commodities retain the same value and meaning for their owners from production toconsumption.
False
Different classes, ethnic groups and genders all perceive their national identities in the same way.
False
Discourses of knowledge are free from power and social control.
False
A capitalist mode of production has three central features: private property is owned by abusiness class; workers sell their labor power to survive; and surpluses of wealth are produced.
True
A pastoralist lifestyle requires more work than subsistence by foraging.
True
A person's attempt to take advantage of another person economically is called negative reciprocity.
True
A pidgin language has no native speakers.
True
According to Althusser, individuals believe they are free but are actually performing the gestures and actions of their subjection.
True
According to Stuart Hall, nations are unified by the exercise of different forms of cultural power.
True
All human languages and hence cultures change over time.
True