Cybersecurity final exam review
social steganography
creating a message that says one thing but means something else to a specific audience
What is the term used to describe the science of making and breaking secret codes?
cryptology
What three design principles help to ensure high availability?
provide for reliable crossover, detect failures as they occur, eliminate single points of failure
A warning banner that lists the negative outcomes of breaking company policy is displayed each time a computer user logs in to the machine. What type of access control is implemented?
deterrent
Thwarting cyber criminals includes which of the following?
establishing early warning systems and sharing cyber intelligence.
Which 128-bit block cipher encryption algorithm does the US government use to protect classified information?
AES
What is an example of an Internet data domain?
What does a rootkit modify?
Operating system
Which three protocols use asymmetric key algorithms?
Secure Shell (SSH) Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)
a password
Something you know
What are two ways to protect a computer from malware?
Use antivirus software. Keep software up to date.
What occurs on a computer when data goes beyond the limits of a buffer?
a buffer overflow
What are three access control security services?
accounting, authentication, authorization
What does the term BYOD represent?
bring your own device
steganalysis
discovering that hidden information exists within a graphic file
Which two terms are used to describe cipher keys?
key space. key length
obfuscation
making a message confusing so it is harder to understand
a fingerprint scan
something you are
What service determines which resources a user can access along with the operations that a user can perform?
authorization
What are the three foundational principles of the cybersecurity domain?
availability, confidentiality, integrity
What is the name given to a program or program code that bypasses normal authentication?
backdoor
What are three examples of administrative access controls?
background checks policies and procedures hiring practices
What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?
block
An attacker is sitting in front of a store and wirelessly copies emails and contact lists from nearby unsuspecting user devices. What type of attack is this?
bluesnarfing
What are three types of sensitive information?
classified,business , PII
What principle prevents the disclosure of information to unauthorized people, resources, and processes?
confidentiality
What are two common hash functions?
MD5, SHA
What name is given to a storage device connected to a network?
NAS
What type of attack targets an SQL database using the input field of a user?
SQL injection
What name is given to a amateur hacker?
Script kiddie
What is a secure virtual network called that uses the public network?
VPN
What is the difference between a virus and a worm?
Worms self-replicate but viruses do not.
What is the workforce framework category that includes highly specialized review and evaluation of incoming cybersecurity information to determine if it is useful for intelligence?
Analyze
What type of cybersecurity laws protect you from an organization that might want to share your sensitive data?
privacy
What are two methods that ensure confidentiality?
encryption, authentication
What is a vulnerability that allows criminals to inject scripts into web pages viewed by users?
Cross-site scripting
What type of attack uses many systems to flood the resources of a target, thus making the target unavailable?
DDoS
Which asymmetric algorithm provides an electronic key exchange method to share the secret key?
Diffie-Hellman
What cryptographic algorithm is used by the NSA and includes the use of elliptical curves for digital signature generation and key exchange?
ECC
What does the acronym IoE represent?
Internet of Everything
What are two common indicators of spam mail?
The email has misspelled words or punctuation errors or both. The email has no subject line.
Which two reasons describe why WEP is a weak protocol?
The key is transmitted in clear text. The key is static and repeats on a congested network.
What is the meaning of the term logic bomb?
a malicious program that uses a trigger to awaken the malicious code
A computer is presenting a user with a screen requesting payment before the user data is allowed to be accessed by the same user. What type of malware is this?
a type of ransomware
What does the term vulnerability mean?
a weakness that makes a target susceptible to an attack
What is the name for the type of software that generates revenue by generating annoying pop-ups?
adware
What type of an attack can disable a computer by forcing it to use memory or by overworking its CPU?
algorithm
What encryption algorithm uses one key to encrypt data and a different key to decrypt data?
asymmetric
What are the three states of data?
at rest, in-process, in-transit
What three tasks are accomplished by a comprehensive security policy?
gives security staff the backing of management, defines legal consequences of violations ,sets rules for expected behavior
What is identified by the first dimension of the cybersecurity cube?
goals
What name is given to hackers who hack for a cause?
hactivist
Which two methods help to ensure data integrity?
hashing, data consistency checks
steganography
hiding data within an audio file
What are two of the tactics used by a social engineer to obtain personal information from an unsuspecting target?
intimidation, urgency
Which three processes are examples of logical access controls?
intrusion detection system (IDS) to watch for suspicious network activity firewalls to monitor traffic biometrics to validate physical characteristics
What term is used to describe the technology that replaces sensitive information with a nonsensitive version?
masking
three types of records that cyber criminals would be interested in stealing from organizations.
medical, education , employment
What name is given to any changes to the original data such as users manually modifying data, programs processing and changing data, and equipment failures?
modification
What is the term used when a malicious party sends a fraudulent email disguised as being from a legitimate, trusted source?
phishing
Which term describes the sending of a short deceptive SMS message used to trick a target into visiting a website?
smishing
What is a method of sending information from one device to another using removable media?
sneaker net
For the purpose of authentication, what three methods are used to verify identity?
something you are something you know something you have
a security key fob
something you have
What is the term used to describe an email that is targeting a specific person employed at a financial institution?
spear phishing
A criminal is using software to obtain information about the computer of a user. What is the name of this type of software?
spyware
What term is used to describe concealing data in another file such as a graphic, audio, or other text file?
steganography
What type of cipher encrypts plaintext one byte or one bit at a time?
stream
What encryption algorithm uses the same pre-shared key to encrypt and decrypt data?
symmetric
What is the name of the method in which letters are rearranged to create the ciphertext?
transposition
What two methods help to ensure system availability?
up-to-date operating systems, equipment maintenance
What mechanism can organizations use to prevent accidental changes by authorized users?
version control
Which three devices represent examples of physical access controls?
video cameras swipe cards locks
Which term describes the technology that protects software from unauthorized access or modification?
watermarking
