Dance Chp. 2 & 3
Communal Dances:
Abound where cooperation is valued over competition and Used to transmit culture.
World Religious Dance
Ancient Sacred Dances continue to be performed by indigenous societies around the world. Some of these old dances have lost their original religious significance such as the Maypole dances of Europe.
Greece & Ancient Rome; Apollo:
Apollo- sun god and the arts
Recreational Dance Definition: Folk Dance;
Applied to dances of European origin.
The following tribes all have religious practices that are primarily carried out through song and dance:
Ashanti, Congolese, Dahomean, Ibo, Karomantym, and Yoruba
Dances in India; Name several forms of dance that are still used to tell stories of the gods:
Bharata Natyam and Kathakali
Tibet & Nepal:
Buddhist monks in Tibet held elaborately masked and costumed rituals which included dance.
Name origins of dance in all cultures with examples:
Communication (language) Nature (animals, earth, weather) Rituals (honoring life) Religion (security, comfort, connection) Survival (agriculture, history)
Types of Social Dance:
Courtship Dances Work Dances War Dances Communal Dances
Religious Dance Today:
Dance is found in some Christian churches that incorporates praise dance into their worship services and in more liberal Jewish synagogues.
Dances for Spiritual Connection:
Dances can be used for reaching a more spiritual plane and establishing a connection with the gods or spirits. In many cultures achieving a trancelike state is essential to connect with the spirit world.
Types of Religious Dances:
Dances of Imitation, Medicine Dances, Commemorative Dances, Dances for Spiritual Connection
Classical Greek Dancing and Dance in Rome:
Dancing figures are found on the earliest Greek pottery. Dance was important in all Greek celebrations. The conquering Romans adopted the Greek practices of dance and worship. But the dancing was secular, bawdy dances and performed at public games.
Vogue:
Developed in the NY LGBT community and Gained prominence in 80s
Dances of the 20th Century:
Early dances of the 20th Century were popularized by the elegant Irene and Vernon Castle - Fox Trot, Castle Walk, Cha-cha and Rumba.
Name Dances from Africa with examples:
Egypt- astronomic West Africa- origins of voodoo, santeria, candomble and samba Northern Africa- Islam (Whirling Dervishes) Men.
Melting Pot of Dance: where? describe:
England, Scotland, Ireland Group dances with intricate footwork and repeatable patterns reels, contra-dances, jigs, square and round dances France Group dances: cotillion, quadrille Other European Countries waltz, polka, schottische
What are the men dancing for in Australia? The women?
For men they include coming to sexual maturity and becoming warriors and hunters. For women it is coming of age, marriage, childbirth, and menopause. Initiation (confidence) Men & Women. Death (male elders) Women Creation Stories (dreamtime) Men
War dance: Male Highland Sword Dance
Forms of sword dancing were performed by warriors in many parts of Europe.
Greece & Ancient Rome; Who is Terpsichore?
Goddess of dance
South Pacific: Dances became?
Hapa-Haole (Mixed heritage)
Work Dances (Imitation Dances) examples:
Hunters and Gatherers, Deer dance, Fishermen's dance Chopping wood and Sawing, Grape harvesting dance (Hungary), Rice harvesting dance, Corn harvesting dance.
Dances in Australia:
Initiation Rituals are Australian Aborigine rituals of importance.
Commemorative Dances:
Involve the entire community. Commemorates important events such as Births Initiation into adulthood Marriage Death Change of Seasons Religious Holidays
Haka
Maori war dance. War haka were originally performed by warriors before a battle, proclaiming their strength and prowess in order to intimidate the opposition.
Are men and women able to dance the same dance? Are they able to dance together? What religions?
Men and women are able to dance the same, but not together. Muslims, and Jewish.
Jewish dance regarding Women and Men;
Mixed dancing is common in other cultures, but in Hebraic Dances men and women are separated. In the strict orthodox groups only men are permitted to dance.
Dance of Imitation:
Movements of other living things especially animals were the earliest inspiration for dance.
what communal dances allowed for self expression? what required uniformity?
Nigeria (allowed for self-expression) and Bulgaria (require uniformity)
South Pacific: Music? Clothing?
Once religion, now entertainment. Music: drums & chanting Grass skirts: import
Dances in India; what is Devadasi? Girls or boys?
Only girls. Young girls instructed in song and dance in the service of a god. Outlawed for a time for fear of exploitation.
War dances: Who were they danced by and what nationalities?
Primarily danced by groups of men. Dances of war were prevalent among the Native Americans, South American Indians and African tribes.
Christianity:
Religious purpose only- YES!!! Human Desire- NO!!!! Spirit v. Flesh Liturgical dance (Middle Ages)
example of medicine dances:
Ritual Dance Kalam Pooja. This ritual performance is done to appease the snake gods and thereby to bring prosperity to the family.
Native American Dance
Rituals of the Nomadic and Hunting tribes differed and so did their totems and dances. Hunting tribes honored animals such as the wolf, eagle, buffalo.
Dances of the 1960's examples:
Rock 'n Roll era: The Twist, Monkey, Mashed Potato, the Frug. "free-style" dancing was a direct reflection of the changing political and social times to include the Civil Rights Movement, .
Dances in India; who is Shiva? Describe her:
Shiva, the Hindu god of creation and destruction, is represented posed on one leg as the Lord of the Dance.
South and Central America:
Spanish conquerors of the Incas in the Andes Mountain reported elaborate dance rituals.
Describe Tibet & Nepal:
Spinning movement. Some dances diverted and entertained the evil spirits, were acts of cleansing and preparation, and depicted the daily lives of the gods and kings
Other war dances?
Stepping, Morris dance is a form of English folk dance usually accompanied by music. It is based on rhythmic stepping and the execution of choreographed figures by a group of dancers, usually wearing bell pads on their shin
Example of Commemorative Dances:
The Jarabe Tapatio - The Mexican Hat Dance was named the national dance of Mexico in 1924 in an effort to bring together several different cultures together as one national identity.
Examples of Spiritual Connection:
The Mewlewī Sufis, also known as Whirling Dervishes- Sufi ceremonies are performed to try to reach religious ecstacy.
Example of Dance of Imitation:
The Native American Buffalo and Eagle dances depicted courage and strength
Jewish Dance:
The Old Testament refers to dancing for celebrations and not so other happy occasions such as "dances before the Golden Calf" while waiting for Moses to come down off the mountain.
Describe the violator dance:
The men, each representing the five elements of the indigenous world climb a top a pole, one of them stays on the pole playing a flute and dancing while the remaining four descend the pole with a rope tied by one of their feet.
East cast and west coast styles:
There were East Coast and West Coast styles, which led to "popping" (East Coast) and "locking." (West Coast)
Medicine Dances:
They perform dances to restore the health of individuals or protect individuals/families by warding off evil spirits or by pleasing specific gods/goddesses.
European Couple Dance:
Was developed in the Middle Ages (11th century). Early couple dances for royalty were created from peasant folk dances then were changed to compliment and enhance the refined, superior attitude held by European nobility.
What is Bharata Natyam? Men or women?
Women only. is the manifestation of the ancient idea of the celebration of the eternal universe through the celebration of the beauty of the material body.
Tango
a dance that has influences from African and European culture. It originated in lower-class districts of Buenos Aires and Montevideo, Argentina
Vernon and Irene Castle were a:
a husband-and-wife team of ballroom dancers in the early 20th century. They were inventors of a number of dances, including the Castle Walk that bears their name, and helped to popularize Foxtrot, the Hesitation Waltz, the Maxixe and the early ballroom form of the Tango.
Describe work dances:
can imitate the movements of men and women in their daily work. This can bond groups of people based on their occupation.
what is a Flamenco dance? from where?
couple dances are a mixture of Andalusian dance from southern Spain, Moorish dances, and gypsy influences.
Lindy-hop dance:
created in the Harlem nightclubs, including The Savoy, in the 1930's during the Harlem Renaissance, was one of the most popular social dances ever developed.
Volador dance:
dance believed to be 5000 years old. depicts the descent of the gods from heaven to earth.
Religious Dance: Renaissance in Europe included?
dance in ceremonies and processionals.
Greece & Ancient Rome;The Nine Muses:
deities that gave artists, philosophers and individuals the necessary inspiration for creation.
Charleston dance:
emerged in the 1920's. These dances were popular among the younger generation. Women shortened their skirts and hair, smoked cigarettes in public. These dances did not involve as much contact as the waltz or Latin dances, but had a wild, improvisation aspect.
Los Seises (The Sixes):
from Sevilla performed by preadolescent boys.
Courtship Dance of the Wodaabe People in Nigeria:
he Wodaabe men of Niger take flirting to the extreme, fluttering their lips, exposing their teeth and posing like egrets in a ritualized courtship dance.
Capoeira
is a Brazilian form of dance and acrobatics done to instrumental music as a martial art in the guise of dance.
Dances in India; what does Shiva represent?
stands on Apasmāra sa dwarf who represented ignorance.
1980's Social Dance examples:
the Running Man, Roger Rabbit, the E.T. , Robocop, and the Smurf, Electric Slide, Cabbage Patch, and more.
Social Dance in America illustrates:
the influence of numerous immigrant groups producing a distinctly American mix.
Describe courtship dances and Non Western courtship dances:
using couple dancing is a European invention that does not exist in many cultures. Non-Western courtship dances do not have a tradition of couple dances.
Breakdance
was a form of competition used by gangs before going into the mainstream of dance.
What is the Waltz? Why was is controversial?
was created in the 19th century and was danced in Europe before coming the to United States. The Waltz was considered to be a controversial dance because women and men danced facing each other and intimately holding each other.
