Data Vis Exam 2

Most Commonly Used Charts and Graphs

1.The Bar Chart 2.The Line Chart (or Time Series Chart) 3.Pie and Donut Charts 4.Scatter Plot 5.Packed Bubble Chart 6.The Tree Map 7.The Heat Map

Which of the following questions help to crystalize the answers to the why part of storytelling? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. Who is your audience? How might they be feeling? What beliefs or biases might they have that you need to reinforce or challenge? What are its capabilities and limitations?

A, B, C The following questions help to crystalize the answers to the why part of storytelling: Who is your audience? How might they be feeling? What beliefs or biases might they have that you need to reinforce or challenge? What do they want? What do they need? What action do they need to take? What type of communication do they prefer? How well do they know the data? What, specifically, are you sharing with your audience? What, specifically, do you want them to do with this information?

Which of these are extracted information associated with a particular point in a visualization? Annotations Dimensions Measures Trend lines

Annotations Annotations are extracted information associated with a particular point in a visualization. They are used to call out specific marks, points, or areas in visualization and can be accessed by right-clicking on the relevant mark on the canvas.

Which area of the brain responds to sounds presented in the story?

Auditory cortex

Which of the following types of visualizations is best suited for numerical data that can be divided into distinct categories to compare information and reveal trends at a glance? Line chart Scatter plot Bar chart Heat map

Bar Chart A bar chart is best suited for numerical data that can be divided into distinct categories to compare information and reveal trends at a glance. It can be combined with maps or line charts to act as filters that correspond to different data points as they are selected.

Heat Map

Best For: Comparing categorical data using color Definition: A data visualization technique that uses color shades to represent data values. It's effective for comparing categories using size and color intensity. Creation: Use square marks. Map two dimensions to the Columns and Rows shelves and encode the measure by color and size. When to Use: To show patterns or variance across multiple categories and measures. Requirements: Dimensions for the structure, a measure for color intensity. Longitude and Latitude.

Tree Map

Best For: Visualizing hierarchical structure or parts-to-whole relationships Description: Visualizes hierarchical data with nested rectangles. Represents parts-to-whole relationships. Suitability: Useful for large datasets. Better than pie charts for multiple divisions. Features: Efficient space usage, displaying many items at once. Color gradients highlight relationships within hierarchy. When to Use: When hierarchy and magnitude need to be understood at a glance. To analyze complex, nested data without losing the sense of the whole.

"Content is King"

Bill Gates

You are analyzing the sales performance of different products across various regions. You have collected data on the revenue generated by each product, the corresponding region, and the number of units sold. You want to visually represent this data to compare the products in terms of revenue, region, and sales quantity. What chart is best suited to accomplish this task?

Bubble The bubble chart is best suited to visually represent the data to compare the products in terms of revenue, region, and sales quantity. It is a variation of the scatter plot that replaces data points with a cluster of circles. It is used to display three dimensions of data: two dimensions through the bubble's location and a third dimension through size.

Eight basic "plots" to help shape your visual data story

Change Over Time - See a visual history as told through a simple metric or trend Drill Down - Start big, and get more and more granular to find meaning Zoom Out - Reverse the particular, from the individual to a larger group Contrast - The "this" or "that" Spread - Help people see the light and the dark, or reach of data (disbursement) Intersections - Things that cross over, or progress ("less than" to "more than") Factors - Things that work together to build up to a higher-level effect Outliers - Powerful way to show something outside the realm of normal

Bubble Chart

Comparison of entities in terms of their relative positions with respect to each numeric axis and size A bubble chart is an enhanced scatter plot, using circles to represent data points. It visualizes three data dimensions: two spatial (X and Y axes) and one by bubble size. Usage: To compare and contrast entities based on their quantitative values. Size illustrates one dimension, while position reflects the other two. Creation Steps: Open Tableau and connect to your dataset. Drag two dimensions to the Rows and Columns shelves for the X and Y axes. Drag a measure to the Size mark to represent the third dimension. Adjust color encoding to add another layer of information if needed.

Which of these is a pane of the Data Source page displaying the data sources? Connections Sheets Pages Show Me

Connections The Connections pane of the Data Source page displays the data sources. Users can add additional data sources by clicking Add.

The context of a data story is made up of four ingredients:

Context of data Context of structure Context of audience Context of presentation

The Human Connection to Stories

Cultural Staple: Storytelling is a universal aspect of human culture. Data Stories:Must be factual, akin to "data documentaries." Story Functions:Teach lessons.Transmit information.Offer escapism with a boundary of truth. Why We Love Stories:Survival: Stories as a means to pass on vital information.Understanding: Seeking comprehension and psychological closure.

Visual analytics process

Data Analysis Insight Story

Brain Response to Storytelling vs Data

Data Processing: Wernicke's area: Language comprehension. Broca's area: Language production. Story Engagement: Visual cortex: Colors & shapes. Olfactory cortex: Scents. Auditory cortex: Sounds. Motor cortex: Movement. Sensory cortex/Cerebellum: Enhanced language comprehension. Comparison: Reading (novel): Active imagination, constructing story from text. Watching (film): Passive imagination, pre-constructed visual & auditory story elements. Live experiences (theater/4D): Additional sensory engagement (scent, smoke, etc.). Insight: Storytelling activates additional brain areas, creating a richer sensory experience than data analysis alone.

What is the difference between data visualization and data storytelling?

Data visualization provides the what in the story, whereas data storytelling answers the why. Explanation: Data visualization is the practice of graphically representing data to help people see and understand patterns, insights, and other discoveries hidden inside information. Data storytelling translates seeing into meaning by weaving a narrative around data to answer questions and support decision-making. Data visualization provides the what in the story, whereas data storytelling answers the why.

Dual Axis Line Chart

Definition: Displays two measures on two different axes within the same chart. It's useful for comparing different scales and spotting relationships between them. Creation: Drag the first measure to the Rows shelf, then drag the second measure to the Rows shelf and select "Dual Axis" from the dropdown menu for the second measure. When to Use: When you need to compare trends or patterns of two measures with different scales or units. Requirements: 2 measures.

Pie/Donut Chart

Definition: Represents numerical proportions through 'slices.' Donut charts are similar but with a blank center. Good for showing part-to-whole relationships. Creation: Drag one or more dimensions to the Marks section and adjust the measures accordingly. When to Use: To highlight proportions of a whole when the number of categories is small. Requirements: 1+ dimensions, 1 or 2 measures.

Line Graph

Displaying trends over a period of time, when your data are ordered, or when interpolation makes sense Definition: Shows information as a series of data points connected by straight line segments. Ideal for displaying trends over time. Creation: Drag a date dimension to the Columns shelf and one or more measures to the Rows shelf. When to Use: When you want to display trends over time. Requirements: 1 date dimension, 0+ additional dimensions, 1+ measures.

Exploratory vs. Explanatory

Exploratory Curiosity Driven Messy, interactive, open-ended Pose new questions Outcome: May lead to multiple or no definitive stories. Discover something, investigate Cyclical, iterative Explanatory Purpose: To answer questions and provide clarity. Prove a point Support a decision Communicate information Increase efficiency Impact: Seeks to change, challenge, or confirm thinking.

Visual Analyst's Role:

Explore: Uncover the story within the data. Explain: Convey the story through visual data storytelling. Importance of Context: Context influences how results are presented and understood. Explanation follows exploration in the data storytelling process.

_________ are a great way to help cut out the noise and focus only on the variables or parameters users wish to explore.

Filters Filters are a great way to help cut out the noise and focus only on the variables or parameters users wish to explore. With filters, users can strip out unnecessary information, or they can hone in on specific fields or elements critical to their data story.

Which of the following is used to replace the data source with any other connected data source at either the worksheet or workbook level? From the top menu bar, select Data Source > Change Data Source. From the top menu bar, select Data Source > Replace Data Source. From the top menu bar, select Data > Change Data Source. From the top menu bar, select Data > Replace Data Source.

From the top menu bar, select Data > Replace Data Source. From the top menu bar, select Data > Replace Data Source to replace the data source with any other connected data source at either the worksheet or workbook level.

__________ the datasets allows users to see beyond the limitations of basic statistical properties for describing data.

Graphing Explanation: Graphing the datasets allows users to see beyond the limitations of basic statistical properties for describing data. Users can then appreciate the bigger picture presented by the datasets and the relationships within them.

How do you create a geographic hierarchy?

Hierarchy allows users to quickly drill into the levels of detail the data contains. To create a geographic hierarchy, right-click the field representing the highest level of geographic data in the Data pane and select Hierarchy > Create Hierarchy.

Data Storytelling & Visualization

Intersection: Blending data visualization with storytelling. Vonnegut's Insight: Data, like stories, has shape and form. Purpose: Data stories shape information beyond raw data. Process:Exploration: Find story's shape through data analysis.Framework: Results frame and organize data sequence.Tools: Enable crafting and layering of knowledge into stories. Goal: Communicate insights via visual narrative, with human touch enhanced by technology.

What happens when the Tableau logo button is clicked?

It returns to the start page. When the Tableau logo button is clicked, it returns to the start page. The start page in Tableau Desktop is a central location consisting of three panes, namely, Connect, Open, and Discover.

Data Visual Analytics Key Takeaways

Key takeaways: - Sometimes the only way to see the story in data is visually. - A good story should meet its goals, and it should be actionable. - A story should change, challenge, or confirm the way you think. - Storytelling evolves—don't be afraid to try something new.

You are working as a data analyst for an automobile rental company. You are working on the Customers and Rentals tables storing the customer data. These tables contain the following fields: - Customers: CustomerID, Name, Email, Reg_Date - Rentals: RentalID, CustomerID, Rental_Date, Type, Model, Duration You want to create a table displaying all the records for the customers who have registered on the website and have rented a vehicle. Which of the following types of joins should you use to accomplish the task?

Left You should use a left join to create a table displaying all the records for the customers who have registered on the website and have rented a vehicle. A left join combines tables to produce a new virtual table that contains all values from the left table and corresponding matches from the right table.

When to use each Join

Left Join: Use when you want all records from the left table, and the matched records from the right table. If there is no match, the result is NULL on the right side. Right Join: Use when you want all records from the right table, and the matched records from the left table. If there is no match, the result is NULL on the left side. Inner Join: Use when you want only the records that have matching values in both tables. Outer Join: Use when you want all records when there is a match in either the left or right table. This join combines the results of both left and right joins. Choose your join type based on the completeness and relationship of the data in your tables.

Which of the following points should be taken into consideration while using a dessert chart? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. Make sure all wedges add up to 100%. Avoid three-dimensional effects. Slice as few values as possible, ideally four, but up to ten is appropriate. Add labels to quantify the exact wedge value.

Make sure all wedges add up to 100%. Avoid three-dimensional effects. Add labels to quantify the exact wedge value. The following points should be taken into consideration while using a dessert chart: Make sure all wedges add up to 100%. Avoid three-dimensional effects. Add labels to quantify the exact wedge value. Slice as few values as possible, ideally two, but up to five is appropriate. Start at noon and move clockwise to sort slices from largest to smallest value. Use color and white space to keep wedges clearly distinguishable. When possible, elevate a pie chart to a doughnut chart, and utilize the doughnut hole to include a key metric or key performance indicator (KPI).

In which of the following storytelling presentations the storyteller has the ability to narrate the presentation and guide the experience? Contextual Non-contextual Narrated Non-narrated

Narrated Narrated storytelling presentations are delivered live, either in person or virtually, and the storyteller has the ability to narrate the presentation and guide the experience. In this case, the storyteller has full control of the narrative and is able to direct the audience's attention to points of interest and facilitate transitions between story points, explaining any potential areas of ambiguity and emphasizing or softening points as needed.

Narrated vs. Non-Narrated Storytelling

Narrated: Live delivery, in-person or virtual. Storyteller guides and controls narrative flow. Can address ambiguity, emphasize key points. Responsive to audience reactions. Non-Narrated: Indirect delivery (reports, emails, dashboards). Relies on the storytelling tools to guide the audience. Requires detailed curation, logical flow, and visual clarity. Considers multiple devices and audience interaction without a live guide. Key Points: Narrated: Offers dynamic interaction and real-time adjustments. Non-Narrated: Demands thorough design to convey the story without live guidance.

Data Narrative Scripting

Nature: Crafting understandable stories from complex data. Challenge: Analysts often skew towards analytics over storytelling. Essential Task: Know the data, its context, and analytics to convey meaning. Flexibility: No fixed method; adapt narrative frameworks creatively. Creativity: Vital, uniquely human element that elevates the narrative.

Bar Chart

Numerical data that can divided into distinct categories to reveal trends at a glance Definition: Visualizes data using rectangular bars with lengths proportional to the values they represent. It's effective for comparing data across categories. Creation: Drag one or more dimensions to the Columns shelf and one or more measures to the Rows shelf. When to Use: For comparing quantities across different categories or groups. Requirements: 1+ dimensions, 1+ measures.

Which of these is the correct way to create a vertical bar chart in Tableau? Placing a measure on the Rows shelf and a dimension on the Columns shelf Placing a dimension on the Rows shelf and a measure on the Columns shelf Placing a dimension on the Pages shelf and a measure on the Marks shelf Placing a measure on the Pages shelf and a dimension on the Marks shelf

Placing a dimension on the Rows shelf and a measure on the Columns shelf A bar chart is best suited for numerical data that can be divided into distinct categories to compare information and reveal trends at a glance. To create a vertical bar chart in Tableau, place a dimension on the Rows shelf and a measure on the Columns shelf.

Joshua is working as a data analyst for a telecommunications company offering different services. The company recently acquired another telecommunications company and needs to merge its customer data with the existing customer data. He wants to combine the acquired customer table with the existing customer table to create a single table that includes all customers from the acquired company along with any matching customers from the existing table. Which of the following types of join should he use to accomplish the task?

Right Joshua should use a right join to create a single table that includes all customers from the acquired company along with any matching customers from the existing table. A right join combines tables to produce a table that contains all values from the right table and corresponding matches from the left.

Which of the following visualizations is an effective way to visualize numerical variables to compare measures? Line chart Scatter plot Bar chart Heat map

Scatter Plot A scatter plot is an effective way to visualize numerical variables to compare measures. It quickly identifies patterns, trends, concentrations, and outliers. It is particularly useful when exploring statistical relationships such as linear regression.

Genres of Narrative Visualization

Seven Genres: Based on Segel and Heel's framework, including: Magazine Style Annotated Chart Partitioned Poster Flow Chart Comic Strip Slide Show Conglomerate (Film/Video/Animation) Application in Tableau: Use Dashboards and Story Points to create these genres. Future lessons will detail construction methods. Story Structure: Effective data stories guide users with constrained interaction. Unfold one point at a time, layering for complete narrative. Note: Each visualization genre serves different narrative purposes and suits various data storytelling techniques.

Which of the following are the elements of a Tableau workbook? Sheet Dashboard Story Workspace

Sheet: It is used for creating individual visualizations. Dashboard: It is used for combining multiple sheets, as well as other objects such as images, text, and web pages, and adding interactions between them, such as filtering and highlighting. Story: It is based on different views and explorations of a single visualization, seen at different stages, with different marks filtered and annotations added.

Which of the following displays all the sheets in the Excel file, corresponding to the names of individual worksheet tabs? Sheets Show Sheets Pages Show Me

Sheets The Sheets pane displays all the sheets in the Excel file, corresponding to the names of individual worksheet tabs. To connect to a sheet, drag and drop it into the data connection canvas to the right or double-click the desired sheet.

Which of these is considered a best practice when working with bar charts? Randomly arranging the data points for a visually appealing display Placing the largest data points in the middle for better visibility Sorting the data in either ascending or descending order depending on the use case Removing any legends or annotations for better visibility

Sorting the data in either ascending or descending order depending on the use case Sorting the data in either ascending or descending order, depending on the use case, is considered a best practice when working with bar charts. An easy way to do so is to use the corresponding Sort icons on the toolbar.

Story structure components

Story Plot Story Genre The events of a story (or the main part of a story) are its plot (this is also called its storyline). These events generally relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence, and the storyteller (or author) is responsible for arranging these actions in a meaningful way to shape the story.

Comparison of Tableau Products

Tableau Desktop Primary authoring and design tool for creating visualizations. Rich feature set for data analysis with no programming required. Access to a wide range of data sources. Used to create and publish dashboards to Server or Cloud. Tableau Server On-premises solution for sharing, distributing, and collaborating on Tableau content. Centralized location to manage Tableau data sources and workbooks. Governed by organizational IT infrastructure and security protocols. Allows for live interactive dashboard access and scheduled report generation. Tableau Cloud (formerly Tableau Online) Cloud-based SaaS equivalent of Tableau Server. Hosted by Tableau, eliminating the need for infrastructure management. Provides similar collaborative and sharing features as Server. Accessible from anywhere through the internet. Tableau Public Free platform for sharing visualizations publicly. Users can create, publish, and explore visualizations in the public domain. Less control over data security since visualizations are public. Data capacity and feature set are more limited compared to other Tableau products. Key Differences Desktop is for creation, Server and Cloud are for sharing within an organization (Server being on-premises, Cloud being hosted), and Public is for sharing with the world.

XYZ Solutions Inc., a service-based company, handles multiple data analytics projects using Tableau products. The company wants to use a Tableau product for handling one of its major clients. This product should extend the client data across the entire firm for enterprise-wide deployments providing centralized governance, visibility, and control to the employees working on the project. Which of the following Tableau products should be used in the given scenario?

Tableau Server Explanation: Tableau Server should be used in the given scenario as it extends the value of data across the entire organization for enterprise-wide deployments and is intended for the organization-wide provision of visual analytics outputs through a central repository for Tableau work. It provides organizations with centralized governance, visibility, and control while allowing users to curate, publish, and share data sources as well as collaborate, engage, and explore data.

Which of these are the cons of the Live connection? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. Can result in a slower experience Some cloud-based data sources must be extracted Most OLAP data sources cannot be extracted Must be refreshed periodically

The following are the cons of the Live connection: Can result in a slower experience Some cloud-based data sources must be extracted

Which of the following are the minimum requirements of the Mac operating system for Tableau Desktop? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. macOS Mojave 10.14, macOS Catalina 10.15, and Big Sur 11.4+ Intel processors M1 processors under Rosetta 2 emulation mode CPUs must support SSE4.2 and POPCNT instruction sets 4 GB free disk space

The following are the minimum requirements of the Mac operating system for Tableau Desktop: macOS Mojave 10.14, macOS Catalina 10.15, and Big Sur 11.4+ Intel processors M1 processors under Rosetta 2 emulation mode CPUs must support SSE4.2 and POPCNT instruction sets 1.5 GB free disk space

Which of these are the pros of the Extract connection? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. Can deter latency in a slow database Could reduce the query load on critical systems Leverage a high-performance database's capabilities See real-time changes in data

The following are the pros of the Extract connection: Can deter latency in a slow database Could reduce the query load on critical systems

What is the purpose of using a proportional symbol map?

To show quantitative values for individual locations A proportional symbol map is useful to show quantitative values for individual locations. It can show one or two quantitative values per location and can be encoded with visual cues such as size and color.

What is the first step for creating a proportional symbol map in Tableau?

To specify the geographic coordinates A proportional symbol map is useful to show quantitative values for individual locations. The first step for creating a proportional symbol map in Tableau is to specify the geographic coordinates.

Which of the following statements are true for a tree map? Each correct answer represents a complete solution. Choose all that apply. Use dimensions to define the structure of a tree map. Use measures to define the size or color of the rectangles. Drag a dimension to the Columns shelf and a measure to the Rows shelf to start building a tree map. Use the Pages shelf to start building a tree map.

Use dimensions to define the structure of a tree map. Use measures to define the size or color of the rectangles. Drag a dimension to the Columns shelf and a measure to the Rows shelf to start building a tree map.

Which area of the brain responds to the colors and shapes presented in the story?

Visual cortex

Scatterplot

Visualizing numerical variables to compare measures and quickly identify patterns, trends, clusters, and outliers Definition: Uses Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables. It can show the relationship between two variables and identify trends, clusters, or outliers. Creation: Drag 2 to 4 measures to the Rows and Columns shelves and set marks to "Circle." When to Use: To investigate the relationship between different variables. Requirements: 0+ dimensions, 2-4 measures.

a visual data story requires

data visualization, like any good story, a visual data story requires context—a setting, a plot, and a goal—before you can begin to communicate and share insights. Discovering this context is part of the storytelling process.

The first rule of dessert charts is similar to the first rule of Fight Club

don't use dessert charts. Other visualization types—including bar charts and treemaps—are typically better suited to showcase the information contained within a pie or donut chart. However, if you must use a dessert chart, consider the following: •Make sure all wedges add up 100% •"Slice" as few values as possible—ideally two, but up to five is appropriate •Start at noon and move clockwise to "sort" slices from largest to smallest value •Add labels to quantify exact wedge value •Avoid 3D! While this is a practice to keep in mind for all data visualization (the exception being certain types of topographical and related data that is beyond the scope of this book), it is especially imperative (and detrimental) in dessert charts where our ability to read arcs and angles is already severely reduced. •Use color and white space to keep wedges clearly distinguishable When possible, elevate a pie chart to a donut chart, and utilize the "donut hole" to include a key metric or KPI

The events of a story (or the main part of a story) form its plot, which is also known as a(n) __________.

storyline The events of a story (or the main part of a story) form its plot, which is also known as a storyline. These events generally relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence, and the storyteller (or author) is responsible for arranging these actions in a meaningful way to shape the story.

Choropleth Map

•A map type that is useful for showing ratio or aggregated data. •Use shading and coloring within contained geographic areas to encode quantitative values, whether by state, region, or county. •Dataset should include both quantitative and qualitative values along with location information. Definition: A map where areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to a statistical variable. It's useful for showing how a measurement varies across a geographic area. Uses shading and color within contained geographic areas to encode quantitative values by state, region, county Creation: Drag a geographic field to the map, then use a measure to encode the color shading of regions, such as states or countries. When to Use: For displaying ratio or aggregated data across geographic areas to spot regional patterns or differences. Requirements: Geographic dimensions, a measure for coloring the areas.

Tableau Desktop

•Connects to data on-premise or in the cloud •Facilitates visual discovery and analytics using Server or Online •Includes device designer to help design and public dashboards for various form factors

Tableau Server

•Enterprise-wide deployments •On-premise or in the cloud •Centrally managed governance & granular security protocol

Tableau Public

•Free services to public visualizations online •Can be embedded into webpages, blogs, social media, and email

Tableau Cloud

•Fully cloud hosted •Can also work with live on-premises or scheduled extract refreshes

Story Plot

•The events of a story are its plot (or storyline) •These events generally relate to each other in a pattern or a sequence, and the storyteller (or author) is responsible for arranging these actions in a meaningful way to shape the story

Proportional Symbol Maps

•Useful for showing quantitative values for locations •One or two quantitative values per location •Locations can be encoded with visual cues such as size and color Definition: Geographic data visualization using symbols (like circles) of different sizes to represent data values. It's useful for showing quantitative values across locations. Useful for showing quantitative values for locations. Locations can be encoded with color for individual locations Creation: Place the geographical dimension on the map, then use one or two quantitative measures to adjust the size of the symbols. Colors can differentiate locations. When to Use: To compare quantitative values across geographic locations visually. Requirements: Geographic dimensions, 1 or 2 quantitative measures.