Development Chapter 14
__________ is a strong predictor of the onset of an eating disorder in adolescence. A) Severe dieting B) Obsessive behavior C) Participation in sports D) Poverty
a
Of all age groups, adolescents are the most likely to A) be obese. B) skip breakfast. C) make healthy food choices. D) need less protein.
b
Early-maturing __________ girls tend to report a less positive body image than other girls. A) Asian-American B) Hispanic C) Caucasian D) African-American
c
Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) can lead to infertility and sterility if left untreated? A) herpes simplex 2 B) human papillomavirus (HPV) C) chlamydia D) syphilis
c
__________ is a modern substitute for the physical departure of the adolescent from the home. A) An initiation ceremony B) Adolescent sensation seeking C) Psychological distancing D) Summer camp
c
__________ is strongly associated with greater intake of fruits, vegetables, grains, and calcium-rich foods. A) Positive body image B) Adolescent girls' concern about their weight C) Frequency of family meals D) Participation in fad diets
c
Renae has a compulsive fear of getting fat. As a result, she is starving herself. Renae has A) bulimia nervosa. B) typical adolescent insecurities. C) trichomoniasis. D) anorexia nervosa.
d
Which of the following adolescents is most likely to have parents with a permissive attitude about sex? A) Iryana, an Iranian B) Kirsten, a Canadian C) Madison, an American D) Fau, a Papua New Guinean
d
Compared to teenagers of previous generations, today's teenagers A) get much less sleep. B) are better able to cope with sleep loss. C) go to bed earlier on school nights. D) are better educated about the importance of sleep.
a
Sleep rebound on weekends A) helps teenagers perform better in school during the weekdays. B) substantially compensates for sleep loss during the weekdays. C) can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings. D) is directly related to the extent of the sleep "phase delay."
c
Spermarche occurs A) before the height spurt begins. B) after the peak strength spurt. C) around age 13½. D) after facial hair begins to grow.
c
The beginning of adolescence is marked by A) reaching full adult height. B) participation in economic life. C) puberty. D) secretion of growth hormone (GH).
c
The first sign of puberty in boys is A) the appearance of pubic hair. B) the height spurt. C) the enlargement of the testes. D) deepening of the voice.
c
The production of __________ in young people of both sexes leads to an increase in sex drive. A) estrogens B) adrenaline C) androgens D) thyroxine
c
Twins, Jake and Molly, age 15, are both athletic. Which of the following is probably true? A) Jake's gains in gross-motor performance are slow and gradual. B) Molly is experiencing a dramatic spurt in strength, speed, and endurance. C) By midadolescence, Jake will run faster and throw farther than Molly. D) By late adolescence, Molly will jump farther than Jake.
c
As humans and mammals become more sexually mature, neurons A) continue to reproduce in the prefrontal cortex. B) selectively respond to pleasurable stimuli. C) experience a growth spurt in the generation of new synapses. D) become more responsive to excitatory neurotransmitters.
d
Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence A) is the most accurate perspective. B) has no basis in fact. C) is greatly understated. D) is greatly exaggerated.
d
Fathers of daughters with anorexia nervosa tend to be A) overprotective and controlling. B) sensitive to adolescent autonomy. C) highly indulgent. D) emotionally distant.
d
Follow-ups reveal that __________-maturing __________, especially, are at risk for lasting difficulties. A) early; boys B) late; boys C) late; girls D) early; girls
d
Gemma eats very little. She is likely to experience puberty __________ the average girl. A) much earlier than B) slightly earlier than C) around the same time as D) later than
d
Hormonal changes during puberty are initiated and regulated by the __________, a structure located near the __________. A) thyroid; pituitary gland B) pituitary gland; cerebral cortex C) hypothalamus; adrenal glands D) hypothalamus; pituitary gland
d
Kevin, a sexually active teen, has fluid-filled blisters on his genitals, a high fever, and a severe headache. Kevin's doctor will probably find that Kevin has A) chlamydia. B) gonorrhea. C) syphilis. D) herpes simplex 2.
d
Which of the following teens is more likely to have early sex or frequent teenage sexual activity? A) Uli, who feels a strong sense of personal control over life events B) Howie, who is an only child C) Darwin, who was a late maturer D) Ryan, whose parents do not monitor his activities
d
As a result of school courses and media campaigns, about 90 percent of U.S. high school students A) are aware of basic facts about HIV and AIDS. B) have a good understanding of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). C) who are sexually active use contraception consistently. D) who are sexually active use STI protection during oral sex.
a
Brooke has been experiencing a period of rapid pubertal change. Brooke is in which phase of adolescence? A) early adolescence B) middle adolescence C) late adolescence D) emerging adulthood
a
During puberty, the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first, followed by the torso. This is a reversal of the __________ trend. A) cephalocaudal B) proximodistal C) secular D) biological
a
Girls commonly react to menarche with A) surprise. B) joy. C) fear. D) depression.
a
Girls who __________ are more likely to develop lesbian or bisexual orientations. A) were exposed prenatally to very high levels of androgens and estrogens B) have a higher-than-average number of older sisters C) inherited an X-linked gene from their father D) are "gender-deviant" in their dress and behavior
a
Janelle, a teenager, is chronically tired and frequently irritable, but she appears to be growing normally. She should have a medical checkup because she might be suffering from A) anemia. B) obesity. C) diabetes. D) anorexia nervosa.
a
Julianna is obese. She is likely to experience menarche __________ the average girl. A) earlier than B) around the same time as C) slightly later than D) much later than
a
Maggi is a later-maturing girl. She is most likely to be regarded as A) a leader at school. B) unpopular. C) lacking in self-confidence. D) withdrawn.
a
Menarche takes place A) after the peak of the height spurt. B) approximately one year before the height spurt. C) before pubic hair appears. D) after breast growth is completed.
a
Researchers who followed a large, representative sample of U.S. youths from ages 9 to 17 found that A) daily free-time physical activity declined with age, more so for girls than boys. B) at every age, a majority of participants engaged in regular exercise outside of school hours. C) daily free-time physical activity increased for both sexes until age 13, then declined. D) throughout adolescence, girls exceeded boys in regular daily exercise.
a
Sexual maturation is controlled by __________ and __________. A) androgens; estrogens B) estrogens; insulin C) adrenal androgens; melatonin D) testosterone; cortisol
a
Teenagers at greatest risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are A) economically disadvantaged young people who feel a sense of hopelessness. B) those from economically advantaged families whose parents are permissive. C) teenagers attending magnet schools in low-income neighborhoods. D) teenagers who have easy access to condoms and contraception.
a
The number of American teenage births is lower than it was 50 years ago because A) about one-fourth of adolescent pregnancies end in abortion. B) sex education programs in public schools are more effective. C) convenient contraceptive services are more readily available. D) more girls today are practicing abstinence.
a
Treating individuals with anorexia is difficult because A) they commonly deny the seriousness of their disorder. B) their mothers are often overprotective and are reluctant to hospitalize them. C) they tend to avoid intimate ties, such as those with a therapist. D) abnormalities in their brains make effective change difficult.
a
When children's safety and security are at risk, it is adaptive for them to A) reproduce early. B) reproduce later. C) fail to reproduce. D) delay puberty.
a
Which of the following accurately characterizes the three-phase sequence that many gay and lesbian adolescents and adults move through in coming out to themselves and others? A) feeling different, confusion, self-acceptance B) confusion, feeling accepted, announcement C) feeling different, self-acceptance, integration D) feeling rejected, confusion, self-acceptance
a
Which of the following adolescent mothers is most likely to break the intergenerational cycle of adolescent parenthood? A) Prudence, who marries her daughter's father B) Heidi, who does not provide her son with age-appropriate toys C) Natalia, who does not earn her high school diploma D) Emma, who is unmarried and has a part-time job
a
Which of the following statements about automobile accidents and adolescent drivers is true? A) Graduated licensing laws greatly reduce adolescent traffic fatalities. B) Parent-child communication has no preventive effect on automobile accidents. C) Girls account for the majority of adolescent automobile fatalities in the United States. D) U.S. adolescent automobile fatalities have risen steadily over the past 35 years.
a
Which of the following statements about concussion injuries is true? A) Concussions can have lasting effects on cognitive and emotional functioning. B) Compared to adults, adolescents require less recovery time. C) Concussions among high school athletes declined during the past decade. D)If tended to immediately, athletes can safely return to play shortly after a concussion
a
Which of the following statements about muscle-fat makeup in adolescence is true? A) Although both sexes gain in muscle, the increase is 150 percent greater in boys. B) Arm and leg fat decreases in adolescent girls. C) Altogether, girls gain far more muscle strength than boys. D) Around age 8, boys start to add more fat than girls on their arms, legs, and trunk.
a
Boys typically respond to spermarche with A) fear. B) mixed feelings. C) depression. D) joy.
b
Brad's parents provide him with information on sex and contraception and convey their values. As a result, Brad is likely to A) take sexual risks. B) engage in sex at a young age. C) adopt his parents' views. D) avoid casual dating.
b
Casey repeatedly engages in out-of-control binge eating but does not purge afterwards. Casey probably suffers from A) compulsive overeating. B) binge-eating disorder. C) bulimia nervosa. D) anorexia nervosa.
b
Chinara is an early-maturing girl. She is most likely to be perceived as __________ by her peers. A) popular B) withdrawn C) independent D) relaxed
b
Compared with Caucasian-American families, African-American families A) express more conflict over girls reaching sexual maturity. B) treat menarche as an important milestone. C) show boys more social support than girls for the changes of puberty. D) do not prepare girls for menarche as well.
b
Compared with adult mothers, adolescent mothers A) know more about child development. B) perceive their infants as more difficult. C) have low expectations for their infants. D) less often engage in child abuse.
b
Early sexual activity is more common among young people from __________ homes. A) high-income B) economically disadvantaged C) middle-income D) two-parent
b
Ethan is an early-maturing boy. He is probably perceived by both adults and peers as A) unpopular. B) self-confident. C) withdrawn. D) prone to depression.
b
Female puberty usually begins with A) menarche. B) the budding of breasts. C) the start of her growth spurt. D) the appearance of pubic hair.
b
Findings that a secular trend exists for pubertal timing lends added support to the role of A) ethnicity to the onset of puberty. B) physical well-being in adolescent growth. C) societal pressure to mature on puberty trends. D) brain responses to puberty signals.
b
Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair. Which of the following hormones is responsible for this change? A) estrogens B) testosterone C) adrenal androgens D) thyroxine
b
Franca, age 11, recently started contradicting and disagreeing with her parents. She is self-conscious and often goes to her room and closes the door. Franca is a head taller and several pounds heavier than most girls in her sixth-grade class. Franca has probably A) developed an eating disorder. B) entered adolescence. C) reached full maturation. D) developed a social phobia.
b
Gregor, a high school senior, has begun taking creatine to enhance his performance on the basketball court. Which of the following side effects are possible? A) diabetes B) brain seizures C) damage to the reproductive organs D) a loss in muscle power
b
In Freud's genital stage, A) social forces determine the young person's reaction to puberty. B) sexual impulses reawaken, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior. C) sexual impulses remain dormant for a short period of time. D) sexual impulses lead to the resolution of the Oedipal conflict.
b
In adolescence, the number of red blood cells __________ in __________. A) increases; both girls and boys B) increases; boys, but not in girls C) increases; girls, but not in boys D) decreases; both girls and boys
b
In contrast to young people with anorexia, those with bulimia nervosa A) do not have a pathological fear of getting fat. B) feel depressed or guilty about their abnormal eating habits. C) experience their parents as involved and emotionally available. D) have unrealistically high standards for their own performance.
b
Mr. Linden wants to discuss sex with his teenage daughter. Which of the following approaches would you recommend to him? A) a parent-dominated explanation about the facts of life B) a give-and-take conversation between parent and child C) a child-led question/answer session D) a judgmental conversation in which he does not answer the child's questions
b
Primary sexual characteristics A) are visible on the outside of the body. B) involve the reproductive organs directly. C) are unrelated to sexual functioning. D) do not develop in a standard sequence.
b
Reduced educational and occupational attainment A) is greater for teenage fathers than for teenage mothers. B) often persists well into adulthood for both teenage mothers and fathers. C) is greater for teenage mothers than for teenage fathers. D) is lessened for teenage parents if the couple gets married.
b
The Rourke's have a teenage son and daughter. Which of the following is most likely to be true? A) Mrs. Rourke's conflict with her daughter will be just as intense as conflict with her son. B) Mr. Rourke's conflict with his daughter will be more intense than conflict with his son. C) Mrs. Rourke's conflict with her son will be more intense than conflict with her daughter. D) Mr. Rourke's conflict with his son will be just as intense as conflict with his daughter.
b
The leading killer of U.S. teenagers is A) firearms. B) automobile accidents. C) suicide. D) sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
b
Trevor just experienced spermarche. Which of the following is likely to be true? A) Trevor will tell a friend that he experienced spermarche. B) Trevor's first ejaculation occurred earlier than he expected. C) Trevor did not know about ejaculation ahead of time. D) Trevor learned about spermarche from discussions with his father.
b
Vegetarian adolescents A) are far less likely than their nonvegetarian counterparts to have healthy eating habits. B) may have diets that are deficient in certain nutrients. C) are prone to fad dieting, which can lead to later weight gain. D) usually consume too few calories and nutrients for proper growth.
b
Which of the following common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of adolescence is caused by a virus? A) syphilis B) herpes simplex 2 C) chlamydia D) gonorrhea
b
Which of the following girls is most at risk for an eating problem? A) Angela, who reached puberty late B) Caity, who reached puberty early C) Bea, who grew up in a home with no weight concerns D) Desiree, whose friends are overweight
b
Which of the following statements about body fat and puberty is true? A) Breast and pubic hair growth occur later for heavier girls. B) Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in boys. C) Few studies report a link between body fat and puberty in girls. D) Girls who eat very little usually experience earlier puberty.
b
Alyssa has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following symptoms will she likely display? A) erosion of the enamel of her teeth B) migraine headaches C) menstrual cycle disruptions D) extreme sensitivity to heat
c
Anna Freud viewed the teenage years as A) the period of calm after the storm of childhood. B) a cascade of instinctual passions. C) a biologically based, universal "developmental disturbance." D) a period of harmony and predictability of behaviors.
c
Connie's teenage daughter follows a strict diet during the day, exercises excessively, binge eats in the evening, and often takes laxatives. Connie should be concerned that her daughter has A) anorexia nervosa. B) obsessive compulsive disorder. C) bulimia nervosa. D) a severe hormone imbalance.
c
Haeata lives in a tribal society and just experienced menarche. Which of the following is probably true? A) Haeata will feel ashamed and will not tell anyone about the onset of puberty. B) Haeata will still be regarded as a child by her parents and family. C) The tribe will celebrate the onset of puberty with an initiation ceremony. D) Haeata will experience no change in social status.
c
Higher pubertal hormone levels are __________ linked to __________ moodiness. A) strongly; greater B) strongly; lesser C) modestly; greater D) modestly; lesser
c
In boys, the voice change A) is the first outward sign of puberty. B) occurs before enlargement of the penis and testes. C) usually takes place at the peak of the growth spurt. D) is due to the contraction of the vocal cords.
c
In most tribal and village societies, A) adolescence is extended into three phases: early, middle, and late adolescence. B) young people face postponement of sexual gratification while they prepare for a productive work roles. C) adolescence is only a brief intervening phase between childhood and full assumption of adult roles. D) adolescence is extended because young people face prolonged dependence on parents.
c
Kyla's grandma recalls menarche as a traumatic experience. She would like things to be different for Kyla. What advice can you give her? A) She should let Kyla be surprised by menarche and then answer any questions she has about puberty. B) She should explain to Kyla that menarche is an unpleasant but necessary experience. C) She should prepare Kyla in advance and treat it as an important milestone. D) She should provide Kyla with biological information but deliver the information as clinically as possible.
c
Natalie and James are fraternal twins. Their parents should expect that James will reach puberty __________ Natalie. A) at the same time as B) slightly later than C) two years later than D) two years earlier than
c
Parents and teens quarrel more often A) in late adolescence, as teens begin making their own life decisions, than in early and middle adolescence. B) in tribal and village societies where adolescence is recognized by a transition to adult status. C) when there is a large gap between parents' and adolescents' views of teenagers' readiness for new responsibilities. D) about important family values, such as honesty and integrity, than about everyday matters, such as driving and curfews.
c
Secretions of __________ and __________ increase during puberty, leading to tremendous gains in body size and to attainment of skeletal maturity. A) estrogens; adrenal androgens B) epinephrine; adrenal androgens C) growth hormone (GH); thyroxine D) melatonin; growth hormone (GH)
c
Sexual attitudes in North America are A) extremely liberal. B) fairly open. C) relatively restrictive. D) highly restrictive.
c
Which of the following girls is most likely to develop anorexia nervosa? A) Cheyanne, an African American B) Brenda, an Asian American C) Ashley, a Caucasian American D) Delilah, a Hispanic American
c
Which of the following statements about body proportions during puberty is true? A) Boys' hips broaden relative to the waist. B) Girls' shoulders broaden relative to the hips. C) Girls' hips broaden relative to the shoulders. D) Girls' legs become longer in relation to the rest of the body.
c
Which of the following statements about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is true? A) Currently, there is no vaccine available to protect against human papillomavirus (HPV). B) Latex condoms provide perfect protection against STIs by stopping the passage of bacteria and viruses. C) Using a needle, syringe, or drug liquid previously used by others can spread STIs. D) A blood test to detect HIV infection must be administered and repeated at least three months after risky behavior.
c
Which of the following statements about the role of physical attractiveness and the timing of puberty in Western society is true? A) The ideal female image is a girlish shape that favors the early developer. B) The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the late developer. C) The ideal male image is a muscular shape that favors the early developer. D) Both the ideal male and female image favor early-maturing teens.
c
Which of the following statements regarding the intergenerational continuity of adolescent pregnancy and parenthood is true? A) Becoming a second-generation teenage parent is inevitable for individuals born to an adolescent mother. B) Intergenerational continuity in adolescent daughters is far greater when teenage mothers marry. C) Marriage may limit the negative impact of teenage childbearing on development by reducing family stress. D) Adolescent parenthood does not increase the chances of teenage childbearing in the next generation.
c
Which of the following teens is most likely to have an adolescent pregnancy? A) Wynn, a middle-income African American B) Kim, a high-income Asian American C) Selena, a low-income Hispanic American D) Bella, a middle-income Caucasian American
c
Many young people with anorexia A) have parents who foster autonomy. B) feel guilty about their abnormal eating habits. C) have poor academic performance at school. D) are emotionally inhibited.
d
Research shows that about half of adolescent fathers A) make regular child support payments. B) have regular contact with their infant. C) come from economically advantaged families. D) have been incarcerated.
d
Studies involving genetic influences on sexual orientation indicate that A) male homosexuality tends to be more common on the paternal than on the maternal side of families. B) fraternal twins are more likely than identical twins to share a homosexual orientation. C) adoptive relatives are just as likely as biological relatives to share a homosexual orientation. D) gay brothers often have an identical segment of DNA on the X chromosome.
d
Suzanne responded to her daughter's coming out positively. She is understanding and accepting of the teenager's same-sex romantic relationship. However, Suzanne is concerned about her daughter's self-acceptance. Suzanne should know that A) coming out to family impedes a young person's view of homosexuality as a valid and fulfilling identity. B) contact with other gay and lesbian peers can interfere with a young person's self-acceptance. C) coming out to friends often brings a backlash that impedes many aspects of adolescent development. D) a key predictor of favorable adjustment for gay and lesbian youths is parental understanding.
d
Which of the following athletes is especially likely to continue her activity into adulthood? A) Ellen, a softball player B) Gerda, a volleyball player C) Justine, a basketball player D) Alena, a cross-country runner
d
Which of the following fosters high physical self-efficacy during adolescence? A) internalizing the cultural ideal of physical attractiveness B) early maturation relative to the peer group C) maintaining a healthy, nutritious diet D) sweating and breathing heavily, during exercise
d
Which of the following girls is likely to reach menarche first? A) A'akia, who lives in a poverty-stricken village in Ethiopia B) Anya, who comes from a low-income family in Sweden C) Alexis, who is a middle-income Caucasian American D) Angelique, who is a middle-income African American
d
Which of the following statements about HIV and AIDS is true? A) AIDS symptoms typically emerge 3 to 5 years after HIV infection. B) It is twice as easy for a female to infect a male with HIV as for a male to infect a female. C) The incidence of HIV infection among people under age 30 in the United States is low. D) One-fifth of U.S. HIV cases are young people between ages 13 and 24.
d
Which of the following statements about adolescent sexual attitudes and behavior is true? A) Rates of extramarital sex among U.S. young people are on the rise. B) During the past 15 years, adolescents have become more liberal in their sexual beliefs. C) Girls tend to have their first intercourse earlier than boys. D) About 70 percent of sexually active teenagers report that they first had sex with a steady dating partner.
d
Which of the following statements about brain development in adolescence is true? A) Adolescents recruit the prefrontal cortex's network of connections with other brain areas more effectively than adults do. B) Adolescents tend to perform better than adults on tasks requiring inhibition and future orientation. C) When peers are present, adolescents' brains are especially receptive to cues associated with risk taking. D) Adolescents react less strongly to stressful events than adults do and experience pleasurable stimuli less intensely.
d
Which of the following statements about firearms and adolescent injury is true? A) Firearms are the leading cause of adolescent fatalities in the United States. B) Violence-related behaviors among high school students have increased in recent decades. C) Only Canada and New Zealand have a higher firearm death rate among 15- to 19-year-olds than the United States. D) Metal detectors in schools have had little impact on youth violence.
d
Which of the following statements about sex hormones is true? A) Boys have only male hormones called androgens. B) Girls have only female hormones called estrogens. C) Neither androgens nor estrogens are present in the average boy. D) Both androgens and estrogens are present in boys and girls.
d
Which of the following teens is likely to have the most stable moods? A) 13-year-old Tya B) 14-year-old Leah C) 16-year-old Tyler D) 19-year-old Jesse
d
