Digestion
Which organ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract?
liver
Gastrin secretion leads to all of the following except
relaxation of the cardiac sphincter.
Adult humans have the dental formula 2 1 2 3 over 2 1 2 3, the second 2 in both sets of numbers represent the .
2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, and 3 molars on one side of the upper mouth.
Absorption of glucose from the gut lumen depends on cotransporter proteins in the apical membrane of the epithelial cell. higher sodium ion concentration in the lumen than in the epithelial cell. the sodium-potassium pump in the basolateral membrane of the epithelial cell. A and B only A, B, and C
A, B, and C
Several digestive enzymes are secreted as zymogens because ________.
they act only in the lumen and do not digest intracellular proteins
Ketosis results from
utilizing fatty acids as a primary energy source
Which of the following is not normally found in saliva?
Protease
Which of the following is NOT a protective feature of the gastric mucosa HCl secretion alkaline mucous tight junctions High mitotic division rate All of the above are protective features of the gastric mucosa
all are protective functions
Digestion of carbohydrates within the small intestine involves enzymes that come from the a: mouth. b: stomach. c: pancreas. d: lining of the small intestine.
c, d
Lacteals
carry absorbed fats to the lymphatic system.
Pepsinogen is produced by ________ and is activated by ________, which is secreted by ________.
chief cells; hydrochloric acid (HCl); parietal cells
Pancreatic enzymes are secreted in response to a hormone called ________.
cholecystokinin (CCK)
Most of the NADH is produced in
citric acid cycle
Glycolysis is best defined as the:
conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include
lipase, amylase, chymatrypsin, thypsin protein,
Liver damage would most affect the digestion of
lipids
Lipase digests steroids triglycerides cholesterol fatty acids more than one of the above
more than one above
Parietal cells secrete intrinsic factor. mucus. hydrochloric acid. pepsinogen. more than one of the above.
more than one above
"Segmentation" is to bring chyme into contact with the intestinal walls to mix chyme with glandular secretions to move the chyme from one part of the GI tract to another the division of function from one part of the small intestine to another more than one of the above
more than one of the above
The carbon dioxide of respiration is formed during glycolysis. the Kreb's cycle. pyruvate oxidation. the formation of water. more than one of the above.
more than one of the above
Protein digestion begins in the
mouth
Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ________, whereas protein digestion begins in the ________.
mouth; stomach
The organ that produces enzymes capable of digesting all the macromolecule classes is the
pancreas
Identify the salivary gland that secretes primarily a watery mixture rich in salivary amylase, lysozymes, and IgA antibodies.
parotid
The vitamin that is part of the coenzymes FAD and FMN is
riboflavin.
In response to the hormone cholecystokinin, the pancreas secretes a fluid
rich in enzymes.
Protein digestion is initiated in the
stomach
If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and fructose, this carbohydrate is probably
surcose
The muscle tone of the ________ along the colon contracts it lengthwise, causing its walls to bulge and form pouches called ________.
taeniae coli; haustra
Enzymes secreted by the pancreas include trypsin (as trypsinogen). amylase. maltase. A and B only A, B, and C
A and B only
________ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and slashing.
Canines
The presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine stimulates it to release ________, which causes the ________.
CCK; gallbladder to release bile
Of the five types of secretory cells in the gastric glands, which ones secrete pepsinogen?
Chief cells
Which of the following is not a function of gastric hydrochloric acid (HCl)?
Emulsify lipids
Which of the following nutrients is absorbed by the lacteals of the small intestine?
Triglycerides
During glycolysis
a molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid NAD+ is reduced to NADH
Functions of the stomach include all of the following, except
absorption of dipeptides.
Which of the following is not a function of saliva
digestion of maltose
If digestion of a carbohydrate results in equal amounts of glucose and galactose, this carbohydrate is probably
lactose
The three most abundant classes of nutrients are ________.
fats, proteins, and carbohydrates
Bile is stored in the
gallbladder
Glucose is stored as the carbohydrate __________________ in the liver and skeletal muscle.
glycogen
The acid secretions from an ulcer in the stomach damaging the underlying connective tissue will lead to increased __________ production.
hydrochloric acid
Increased activity of the parietal cells will result in
increase histamin release?
Necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption, ________ is/are secreted by ________ cells.
intrinsic factor; parietal
Most amino acids are absorbed via
secondary active symport
he absorption of amino acids in the small intestine involves
secondary active symport with Na+..
Amino acids and monosaccharides are absorbed in the ________, and fatty acids are absorbed in the ________.
small intestine; small intestine
Amylase from saliva digests
starch.