Digestive system
the term for movement of nutrients from the GI tract to the blood or lymph?
Absorption
Which of the following is not true of saliva?
Contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins
The mucosa of the GI tract consists primarily of columnar ___________ that forms the inner lining of the lumen.
Epithelium
Which of the following is under voluntary control?
External anal sphincter
T/F: Segmentation moves chyme in only one direction.
False
T/F: The esophagus is digestive in function.
False
T/F: The external anal sphincter consists of smooth muscle and is under voluntary control.
False
Digestion of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged?
Lipids
Which of the following enzymes breaks down lipids?Amylase Pepsin Bile None of the above
None of the above
The digestion of which food group may be affected by an inadequate amount of stomach acid?
Proteins
T/F: Deglutition has both voluntary and involuntary components.
True
List the two major functions of the large intestine:
absorb water, vitamins and some salts storage and concentration of feces
The single digestive function of the liver is to produce:
bile
Absorption of nutrients occurs through the mucosal epithelium and into either ________ or _________ vessels.
blood lymphatic
The microvilli of the small intestine's epithelial cells form the ______ border
brush
The term that means catabolic breakdown of food?
chemical digestion
List the three sheets of muscle in the stomach's muscularis externa:
circular longitudinal oblique
From largest to smallest, list the three modifications of the small intestine's inner wall that function to increase surface area:
circular folds, villi, microvilli
What are the functions of saliva?
cleanses mouth, moistens and dissolves food chemicals, aids in bolus formation, contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates
List the four major functions of saliva.
cleanses the mouth dissolve chemical for taste form food bolus digestion
The term for elimination of ingestible solid wAste?
defecation
List two main divisions of the digestive system.
digestive tract Alimentary Canal
List, in order from the pylorus to the colon, the three regions of the small intestine:
duodenum jejunum ileum
Pockets formed by the contractions of the teniae coli of the large intestine are called:
haustra
The process by which food is received into the GI tract via the mouth is called:
ingestion
To take food into the digestive tract?
ingestion
Blood and lymph vessels of the mucosa are found in the connective tissue sublayer called the ___________ (2 words).
lamina propria
The term that means chewing, mixing and churning food?
mechanical digestion
The four main layers of the digestive tract wall are:
mucosa submucosa muscularis externa serosa
The digestive conditions in the stomach are very harsh and acidic. What is produced to protect the stomach from these harsh conditions?
mucosal barrier
The smooth muscle sublayer of the mucosa is called the:
muscularis mucosa
What are the 3 divisions pf the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
The major means of propulsion through the alimentary canal is:
peristalsis
he two types of movements produced by contractions of the muscularis externa are ________ and _________ .
peristalsis segmentation
what is the function of the esophagus?
peristalsis moves bolus to stomach
What is swallowing and peristalsis?
propulsion
From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from most exterior to interior.
serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa and mucosa
The mouth, with its ___________ epithelium, is involved in both chemical digestion and ________ digestion.
stratified squamous mechanical
List the six sphincters of the digestive tract:
upper esophageal pyloric ileocecal internal anal external anal gastroesophageal lower esophageal
what are the 3 phases of swallowing?
voluntary phase pharyngeal phase esophageal phase