digestive system test

What are the functions of the digestive system? (There are 6) Know the following terms associated with the functions: ingestion, peristalsis, absorption, defacation

1. Ingestion - to take food into the mouth 2. Propulsion - to move food along GI tract via muscular contractions of smooth muscle (peristalsis) 3. Mechanical Digestion - to break food down into smaller pieces 4. Chemical Digestion - via enzymes that break food down into absorbable molecules 5. Absorption - the process of nutrients becoming absorbed into the blood stream 6. Defacation - To expel wastes

What is a bolus? Where is it formed?

A rounded mass of chewed food prepared to be swallowed. Formed in the mouth

What is chyme? Where is it formed?

A semisolid mixture of gastric juices and digested food. It is formed in the stomach.

What is the primary function of the small intestine?

Absorption of nutrients

What enzyme is present in saliva and what type of food does it break down?

Amylase - breaks down carbohydrates

Short Answer:

Be able to differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion and identify location where each happens.

Fill in the Blanks:

Be able to fill in the missing portion of the digestive system when tracing food from mouth to anus

Where is the cardioesophageal sphincter found? What does it do?

Between the esophagus and the stomach. Prevents stomach acid from creeping up into esophagus, causing heartburn

Where is the pyloric sphincter found? What does it do?

Between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine. It controls the amount of chyme that is moved into the small intestine

What are the divisions of the large intestine in order? Hint: cecum is the beginning and anus is the ending

Cecum, Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus

In what specific region of the small intestine does the pancreas, gall bladder and liver secrete chemicals?

Duodenum

What are the divisions of the small intestine in order? Hint: duodenum is the beginning

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Where is the greater omentum found? What is the function?

Fatty apron that covers over the abdominal organs. Insulates and protects the abdominal organs.

What organ stores bile?

Gallbladder

Where is the appendix found? What does it do?

Hangs off the cecum of the large intestine. It has no real digestive function

What organ produces bile?

Liver

What is the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion? What 2 areas of the GI tract does mechanical digestion take place? What three areas of the GI tract does chemical digestion occur?

Mechanical digestion is the process of physically breaking down food into smaller pieces. Chemical digestion is the process of breaking down food using chemical enzymes. Mechanical digestion takes place in the mouth and stomach. Chemical digestion takes place in the mouth, stomach and small intestine.

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin?

Mouth

What are the different tissue layers found in the organs of the GI tract from most internal to most external? (Hint: the internal layer is the mucosa).

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa (also called the visceral peritoneum)

Which organ produces insulin?

Pancreas

What is the difference between permanent and deciduous teeth?

Permanent teeth come in between the ages of 6 - 12 years and do not fall out. Deciduous come in between 6 mos. and 2 years and fall out.

What is the primary function of the large intestine?

Reabsorption of water and formation of solid waste

In which part of the digestive tract is bile released?

Small intestine, specifically duodenum

In which part of the digestive tract is pancreatic juice released?

Small intestine, specifically duodenum

Which portion of the digestive tract contains villi and microvilli? What is the function of these structures?

Small intestine. To increase the surface area of the small intestine to allow for maximal absorption

What portion of the digestive system contains hydrochloric acid?

Stomach

Where does protein digestion begin?

Stomach

Where is the epiglottis? What is its function?

The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage tissue in the pharynx region. It covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent choking.

What is the function of bile?

To physically break down large fat globules into small molecules

What is the importance of pancreatic juice?

To secrete enzymes that break down all three food groups

What is the function of the liver, gall bladder, pancreas, salivary glands?

To secrete specific chemicals that aid in the digestion and absorption of food.

DIAGRAMS

stomach, pancreas, liver

Be able to trace the pathway through the GI tract from mouth to anus.

study review worksheet

Identify the end products of protein, fat and carbohydrate digestion

►Proteins break down into ____Amino Acids__ ►Carbohydrates break down into ___Monosaccharides____ ►Fats break down into ___Fatty Acids & Glycerol___