Domain I: Initial Client Consultation and Assessment
Because of recent death in his family, a client begins to consider beginning an exercise program. This is known as:
Contemplation
Which of the following actions takes place in the sagittal plane?
Dorsiflexion of the ankle.
The foot's most stable position is in ________ due to the overall shape of the ____.
Dorsiflexion; talus
Movement resulting in an increase of the joint angle, usually moving posteriorly in the sagittal plane is called:
Extension
The posterior deltoid performs _____of the shoulder joint at approximately _____
Extension; 40 degrees to 60 degrees
Understanding nonverbal cues is important in establishing a successful client relationship because:
More information is communicated in this manner.
A manifestation of coronary artery disease is:
Pain that occurs with exertion or exercise.
The products that make up cardiac output are:
Heart rate and stroke volume
An example of an open chain exercise is the:
Leg extension
Protraction and retraction movements are characteristics of the:
Scapulothoracic joint.
A 30-year-old potential client states she just had a physical and was informed by her physician that her total cholesterol and blood pressure looked great. You review her medical history and note she is taking vitamins and antihypertensive medication. Based on this profile, she would be considered as having how many risk factors?
1
Which of the following BEST assesses lower-body muscular strength?
1-RM Squat.
Client-Centered Techniques
1. Ask simple, open-ended questions (questions that elicit details instead of yes-or-no responses). 2. Listen and encourage with verbal and nonverbal prompts. 3. Clarify and summarize. Check your understanding of what the client said and check to see whether the client understood what you said. 4. Use reflective listening. This involves making statements that aim to bridge the gap between what the client is saying and the meaning behind the statements.
Health and fitness benefits occur with at least ______ minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity.
150
A sedentary lifestyle is defined as NOT participating in at least:
30 minutes of moderate intensity activity, at least 3 days per week, for at least 3 months.
Ischemia is caused by:
A lack of oxygen.
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS)
A temporary muscle soreness and stiffness that occur 24 to 48 hours after performing unaccustomed eccentric muscle contractions and last for three to four days. (The most common manifestation of muscle injury).
Which joint movement occurs in the frontal plane?
Adduction
Which of the following as the greatest effect on the reduction of blood pressure?
Aerobic exercise training.
To measure progress towards goals, reassessments should be performed:
After approximately 4 to 6 weeks to better reflect a training effect.
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?
An individual who quit smoking 4 months ago.
Prior to the first training session scheduled next week, you should provide specific session instructions on:
Appropriate exercise attire.
Which of the following cardiac variables will increase as a result of regular aerobic training at a submaximal effort?
Arteriovenous Oxygen Difference
Decisional Balance
Assesses the number of pros and cons perceived about maintaining an activity.
Anatomical position of the human body is when the body is in which of the following positions?
Body is erect, feet together, upper limbs positioned at the side of the body, palms of the hands facing forward, thumbs facing away from the body, fingers extended
In preparation for the initial consultation, which of the following will demonstrate genuineness toward and provide motivation for the upcoming visit?
Calling the client as a reminder and expressing that you are looking forward to helping the client meet his or her goals.
Exchange of blood gases and other nutrients within various tissues occur in the _______.
Capillaries
Exchange of blood gases and other nutrients within various tissues occur in the:
Capillaries
3-site Skin Fold Test Male
Chest Abdominal Thigh
A joint is the most stable when it is in which of the following positions?
Closed Pack
A joint is most stable when it is in which of the following positions?
Closed pack
Which of the following BEST describes shoulder impingement?
Compression of the tendons in the subacromial space with shoulder joint
A muscle generates enough force to overcome an external resistance and shorten. This is known as which type of action?
Concentric
Ankle edema may be indicative of which of the following?
Congestive heart failure
An overweight individual expresses motivation to lose weight after the birth of his son. He is in which stage of change?
Contemplation
Which sport is performed primarily in the aerobic-oxidation system?
Cycling
Which of the following assesses the number of pros and cons perceived about adopting and maintaining an activity?
Decisional Balance
The most common manifestation of muscle injury is ______
Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
Before you design an abdominal exercise program for a client you should FIRST:
Determine and establish a neutral pelvic position.
The ulna bone is _______ to the humerus bone.
Distal
Abruptly stopping exercise can cause:
Excessive drop in blood pressure
During the concentric phase of a hamstring curl, the hamstrings are:
Flexed
A lateral lunge is performed in which plane of movement?
Frontal
Active listening allows a Personal Trainer to do which of the following effectively?
Gain a better understanding of the client in order to facilitate rapport and program design.
Which of the following joints favors mobility over stability?
Glenohumeral
Which group of muscles function to extend the hip joint?
Gluteus maximus and hamstrings
In general, behaviors are so difficult to change because the client:
Has maintained this behavior over time and has reinforced it in his or her environment.
Clients will have an understanding of their risk factors based on what theory of behavior change?
Health Belief Model
Clients will have an understanding of their risk factors based on what theory of behavior change?
Health Belief Model.
Your new client is ready to start training next week. You provide her with a service introduction packet which must include, at a minimum, which of the following forms?
Health/Medical History Evaluation, Medical Clearance Form, and Informed Consent.
Your potential client has a history of swollen ankles and reports shortness of breath when walking up the stairs. You would classify this as:
High risk and require that the client obtain a physician's clearance.
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, internal rotation, an external rotation are possible joint actions found in the:
Hip Joint
Movement toward the midline in the transverse plane describes which term?
Horizontal adduction
Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?
I will run 4 days per week, gradually progressing my run time from 10 to 40 minutes, to prepare for a 5K in four months.
Which of the following is a chronic benefit of regular cardiovascular exercise?
Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs and symptoms.
Performing a squat with a board placed under the heels results in which of the following?
Increased force requirements of the quadriceps
Which document acknowledges an "assumption of risk" with regard to the participation in physical activity?
Informed Consent
Which evaluation form does a client sign to acknowledge that he or she has been educated about and understands the risk associated with being active?
Informed consent
Which of the following forms discusses the risk and benefits of performing assessments and exercise?
Informed consent
Which document acknowledges an "assumption of risk" with regard to the participation in physical activity?
Informed consent.
Which joint movement occurs in the transverse plane?
Internal Rotation
A lumbar vertebrae is an example of a ____ bone.
Irregular
A lumbar vertebrae is an example of a ______ bone.
Irregular
Which of the following muscle actions controls the movement and maintains a constant speed throughout the range of motion?
Isokinetic
A muscle maintains constant force without any change in joint angle. This is known as which type of action?
Isometric
You observe a long outward curve of the thoracic spine with an exaggerated curve. This postural deviation is known as:
Kyphosis
A proper cool-down allows the body to help remove ________
Lactate
Scoliosis is defined as:
Lateral deviation of the spine.
Syncope is defined as:
Loss of consciousness
Higher levels of cardiovascular fitness are associated with:
Lower mortality rates
Higher levels of cardiovascular fitness are associated with:
Lower mortality rates.
What is a potential outcome of maintaining a professional prescence and disposition when training clients?
Maintaing a professional presence may also help gennerate clients, as this is also a form of advertising.
Health Belief Model
Predicts behavior change depending on the perceived threats to one's well-being.
A typical chronic response to improved cardiorespiratory fitness is an increase in:
Maximal oxygen consumption
The muscles that function to adduct the hip joint are collectively in which area of the hip?
Medial
If a client must see a physician prior to starting a moderate-intensity exercise which of the following should be completed both by the client and physician?
Medical Clearance Form.
The most prominent adaptation seen with resistance training is:
Muscle hypertrophy
Strength gains during early phases of resistance training are largely due to changes in the:
Nervous System
Intermittent Claudication refers to:
Pain that occurs in the lower extremities during walking and disappears after stopping.
A Personal Trainer-Client Agreement must include which of the following policies that also assists with motivation?
No-show
The feeling of chronic muscular fatigue is a sign of:
Overuse
The feeling of chronic muscular fatigue is a sign of:
Overuse.
Which of the following muscles inserts on the humerus?
Pectoralis Major
Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate regarding strength training in the lumbo-pelvic region?
Pelvic stabilization forces the lumbar muscles to be the primary trunk extensors, thereby providing the overload stimulus for strengthening.
With a New Year's resolution to become more active, a 32-year-old male wants to get your feedback before he begins the exercise program he drafted for himself. He is in which stage of change?
Preparation
A key benefit of a proper warm-up is that it may:
Prevent ischemia of the heart.
Which of the following is the MOST important rationale for a cool-down phase?
Prevents blood pooling in the extremities.
The following statement is a definition of _______: As the body adapts to a given stimulus, an increase in the stimulus is required for further adaptions and improvements.
Progressive Overload
Patrick has shoulder impingement syndrome. He has been referred to you by a physical therapist for strengthening of his shoulder complex and to begin first with a closed chain exercise. Which progression is MOSt appropriate?
Push-up off a wall --> shoulder IR/ER --> seated DB press
During the concentric phase of extension at the knee joint, the ______ work as the agonist an the _____work as the antagonist.
Quadriceps, Hamstrings
During the concentric phase of extension at the knee joint, the _______ work as an agonist and the ______ work as the antagonist.
Quadriceps, hamstrings
Displacement is represented by
ROM
The intensity of work is represented by _____
RPE
Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical pathology that is characterized by
Rapid breakdown of muscle tissue
Which of the following is a chronic response to regular exercise?
Reduced Blood Pressure
You are now ready to proceed with scheduling a fitness assessment with your client tomorrow. To get the most accurate heart rate response, you instruct your client to:
Refrain from drinking any caffeinated beverages 30 minutes prior to the assessment.
Amount of force is represented by ______
Resistance
Your client is performing a dumbbell lunge with the weight in her right hand and right leg forward. You notice that during the concentric phase, she drops her pelvis on the contralateral side. Which muscle is MOSt likely weak?
Right gluteus medius.
The thumb is classified as a ________ joint.
Saddle
Running is done predominately in what plane of movement?
Sagittal
The elbow can perform movements in which plane?
Sagittal
Which plane of movement divides the body between the left and right?
Sagittal
Which of the following muscles are involved in protraction of the scapulothoracic joint?
Serratus anterior and pectoralis minor
Which of the following BEST fosters exercise adherence and progression toward the client's goal?
Setting a few attainable short-term goals
Which of the following BEST fosters exercise adherence and progression towards the client's goal?
Setting a few attainable short-term goals.
In a sit-to-stand movement, where is the center of gravity?
Shifted over the base of support.
Which of the following is a symptom suggestive of pulmonary disease?
Shortness of breath after quickly crossing the street in a residential area.
The clavicle is ____ to the pelvis
Superior
During the contraction phase of a bicep curl, the palms are
Supinated
Which of the following groups of muscles describes the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, and infraspinatus
Which rotator cuff muscle(s) externally rotate the shouler joint?
Teres minor and infraspinatus
Regarding anatomy of the central nervous system, which of the following is True?
The CNS is represented by the brain and spinal cord.
What indicates that a client-centered approach is being used?
The client is talking more than the Personal Trainer.
Which of the following indicates that a client-centered approach is being used?
The client is talking more than the Personal Trainer.
Client-centered Approach
The motivational interviewing skills of rapport building, exhibiting empathy, and active listening are central to keeping the client's perspective at the forefront.
Systolic Blood Pressure
The pressure exerted on the arterial wall during the ventricular contraction phase.
Which of the following is a similar site for both a male and a female when performing a 3-site skinfold test?
Thigh
3-site Skin Fold Test Female:
Thigh Triceps Suprailiac
To build a successful client relationship, you should:
Use a client-centered approach.
A heart murmur that is clinically significant may be indicative of:
Valvular heart disease.
Which of the following profiles is considered a risk factor with respect to obesity?
Waist of 40 inches for males
Neural Adaptations
initial gains in strength following resistance training are primarily the result of this mechanism....example: your client notices that he is able to perform several resistance exercises with more weight and a few more repetitions after the first two weeks of training.
Marti is performing unilateral standing calf raises with a dumbbell held in the ipsilateral hand. You cue her to stand up tall and lean back slightly while performing the exercise to _________ and make the exercise _______, thereby increasing efficiency.
lengthen the lever arm; more difficult
